Download or read book Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester APS digester System for Biogasification of Agricultural and Food Wastes written by Zhiqin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a Semi continuous Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester for the Biogasification of Food Processing Waste written by Amitha Padmavathi Reddy and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Large scale Anaerobic Digestion of Food Processing Waste and Pretreatment of Agricultural Residue for Enhancement of Biogas Production written by Joshua Lewis Rapport and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a waste-treatment and renewable-energy technology for wastewater and solid organic waste streams (i.e. food processing, agricultural, and municipal solid waste). This research project was designed to test a large-scale, high-solids, high-temperature, multi-stage anaerobic digester design developed at the University of California at Davis known as the Anaerobic Phased Solids (APS) Digester system. The system was tested over 10 months with 229 t cannery waste, producing 650 m3 biogas per ton of volatile solids loaded (53% methane). In addition to operational testing, heat transfer in the reactors was modeled to improve the energy balance for the system. A steady-state model was used to determine heat transfer coefficients at the insulated wall and uninsulated roof and floor, revealing that the majority of heat loss may have occurred through the floor and roof of the reactor. Wind speed, solar gain, radiative losses and air temperature appreciably influenced heat transfer rate while mixing velocity did not. The transient solution to the model matched reactor temperature over time and total heat demand at the pilot plant. An axisymmetric model was also developed to evaluate spatial temperature distribution in the reactor.In addition to digesting food waste, laboratory experiments were designed to test the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet leaves. Sugar beets are a high-yield feedstock for bioethanol with beneficial agronomic characteristics. The methane potential of sugar beet leaves was determined with and without pretreatments (i.e. sodium hydroxide and water soaking). The pretreatments were found to be moderately beneficial, but digestion without pretreatment consumed 80-85% of the volatile solids with VS-based methane yields of 280 - 320 mL/g. Furthermore, process modeling revealed that a digester co-located with a 38 dam3/y sugar-beet-to-ethanol fermentation facility could convert 726 t/d wet sugar beet leaves to 824 GJ/d as biogas (50% methane) in four 5,374 m3 reactors drawing 540 kW of electrical power, which could be produced from 14% of the biogas. After heating the digester, there would be 545 GJ/d of additional heat which could provide 55% of the energy required for ethanol production. The financial, agronomic, and environmental effects merit further study.

Download or read book Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester Pilot Demonstration Project written by Ruihong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermophilic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Waste in an Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System written by Willus B. Withrow and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The BioCycle Guide to Anaerobic Digestion written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

Download or read book Performance of Two Attached suspended Growth Reactors for the Biogasification of Vegetable Waste in an Anaerobic phased Solids Digester System written by Anne Marie Elenbaas and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy and Economic Assessment of Anaerobic Digesters and Biofuels for Rural Waste Management written by Tom P. Abeles and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling the Engineering Design and Financial Feasibility of the Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System Configured to Produce Electricity Heat and Natural Gas from Organic Solid Waste written by Joshua Lewis Rapport and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Making Biogas Making Energy written by Tim Pullen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-01-09 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hundreds of million tonnes of agricultural and food waste are produced each year around the world, most of which is just that, waste. Anaerobic digestion, biogas and the heat and electricity that can be produced from it is still a nascent industry in many countries, yet the benefits of AD spread throughout the community: Gives good financial returns to farmers and eco-entrepreneurs. Helps community leaders meet various policies and legislative targets. Offers an environmentally sensitive waste disposal option. Provides a local heat and power supply, & creates employment opportunities Reduces greenhouse gas emissions, as well as providing an organic fertilizer. Although the process of AD itself is relatively simple there are several system options available to meet the demands of different feedstocks. This book describes, in simple, easy to read language the five common systems of AD; how they work, the impact of scale, the basic requirements, the costs and financial implications, and how to get involved in this rapidly growing green industry.

Download or read book Investigation of Poultry Waste for Anaerobic Digestion written by Christopher R. Salam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a biological conversion technology which is being used to produce bioenergy all over the world. This energy is created from biological feedstocks, and can often use waste products from various food and agricultural processors. Biogas from AD can be used as a fuel for heating or for co-generation of electricity and heat and is a renewable substitute to using fossil fuels. Nutrient recycling and waste reduction are additional benefits, creating a final product that can be used as a fertilizer in addition to energy benefits. This project was conducted to investigate the viability of three turkey production wastes as AD feedstock: two turkey litters and a material separated from the turkey processing wastewater using dissolved air flotation (DAF) process. The DAF waste contained greases, oils and other non-commodity portions of the turkey. Using a variety of different process methods, types of bacteria, loading rates and food-to-microorganism ratios, optimal loading rates for the digestion of these three materials were obtained. In addition, the co-digestion of these materials revealed additional energy benefits. In this study, batch digestion tests were carried out to treat these three feedstocks, using mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, using loading rates of 3 and 6 gVS/L They were tested separately and also as a mixture for co-digestion. The batch reactor used in this study had total and working volumes of 1130 mL and 500 mL, respectively. The initial organic loading was set to be 3 gVS/L, and the food to microorganism ratio was either 0.6 or 1.0 for different treatments based on the characteristics of each material. Only thermophilic (50 ± 2°C) temperatures were tested for the litter and DAF wastes in continuous digestion, but mesophilic and thermophilic batch digestion experiments were conducted. The optimum digestion time for all experiments was 14 days. The biogas yields of top litter, mixed litter, and DAF waste under mesophilic batch conditions all at 3 gVS/L loading were determined to be 148.6 ± 7.82, 176.5 ± 11.1 and 542.0 ± 37.9 mL/ gVS, respectively and were 201.9 ± 10.0, 210.4 ± 29.3, and 419.3 ± 12.1 mL/gVS, respectively, for initial loading of 6 gVS/L. Under thermophilic batch conditions, the top litter, mixed litter, and DAF waste had the biogas yields of 255.3 ± 7.9, 313.4 ± 30.1and 297.4 ± 33.8 mL/gVS for loading rate of 3 gVS/L and 233.8 ± 45.3, 306.5 ± 11.8 and 185.1 ± 0.85 mL/gVS for loading rate of 6 gVS/L. The biogas yields from co-digestion of the mixed litter and DAF waste at 3 gVS/L were 461.8 ± 41.3 mL/gVS under thermophilic conditions. The results from batch anaerobic digestion tests were then used for designing continuous digestion experiments. All the continuous digestion experiments were conducted by using an Anaerobic Phase Solids (APS) digester system operated at a thermophilic temperature. The total volume of the continuous digester system was 4.8 L and the working volume was around 4.4 L. The APS digester system had two hydrolysis reactors and one biogasification reactor. Feedstock was loaded into the hydrolysis reactors in batches. The feedstock digestion time was 14 days and the average organic loading rate (OLR) of the system was 3 gVS/L/day. The experiment has three distinct feedstock stages, first with turkey litter waste, a co-digestion of DAF and turkey litter waste, followed by DAF waste. The biogas yields were determined to be 305.2 ± 70.6 mL/gVS/d for turkey mixed litter, 455.8 ± 77.2 mL/gVS/d during the mixture of mixed litter and DAF waste, and 382.0 ± 39.6 mL/gVS for DAF waste. The biogas yields from the thermophilic batch test yields compare with that of the continuous digester yields. For experiments utilizing turkey litter, batch tests yielded 313.4 ± 30.1mL/gVS biogas and 305.2 ± 70.6 mL/gVS/d for continuous experiments. For experiments using codigestion of turkey litter and DAF waste, batches yielded 461.8 ± 41.3 mL/gVS biogas comparing well to continuous digester operation that yielded 455.8 ± 77.2 mL/gVS/d. It was mainly in the case for DAF that batch vs. continuous digester testing yielded a significant difference in performance. For experiments using DAF waste, batches yielded 297.4 ± 33.8 mL/gVS biogas and continuous digester operation yielded 455.8 ± 77.2 mL/gVS/d. For a case study on the APS digester system, mesophilic DAF waste was chosen as the optimum substrate. Using this material and reactor condition, a case study was built using provided information and experimental results to build a simulation. A reactor site needed to process 11,800 kgVS of DAF waste would require 4,800 m3 of tank volume, and use nearly 4,000 m3 as working volume. This reactor was modeled after a 2 stage APS reactor, with 2 hydrolysis reactors and 1 biogasification reactor, and had a 14 day retention time and a 3 gVS/L/d organic loading rate. The expected biogas output was 550 mL/gVS, and expected waste reduction was 20%. The reactor would produce 7,113 m3/d of biogas, and would be burned for 127,223 MJ/d.

Download or read book Farm Digesters written by Jonathan Letcher and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A no-nonsense guide to farm digesters, providing a wealth of useful information for anyone interested in installing one. Most people have heard of farm digesters and how they can produce renewable energy from cattle slurry and other organic waste. But digesters can do a lot more than that. They transform what is often considered problematic, noxious waste into fertiliser, massively reducing our dependence on fossil fuel-based artificial fertilisers. They produce saleable compost as a by-product. They minimise water pollution and enable organic waste to be effectively recycled. Digesters let us run farms more economically, and make our energy supplies and our food production more sustainable. Written by farm industry expert, Jonathan Letcher, Farm Digesters provides practical information on how digesters work, how to set-up a farm digester programme, and commercial products from digesters. Jonathan also discusses why we need farm digesters and evaluates their pros and cons, sharing valuable insights into the existing barriers that need to be overcome and providing a clear overview of their main technical issues. This straightforward book is perfect for farmers looking to become more sustainable and save money.

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure with Food and Industry Wastes Enhanced Biogas Production and Digestate Quality written by Anna Maria Crolla and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ontario biogas industry is relatively young and the overall objective of this research was to help support the growth of the industry with investigating the use of co-substrates and reactor design to enhance biogas production, recommend guidelines on the operation of full scale systems to optimize performance and characterize digestate quality. Laboratory studies evaluated the use of various substrates in the co-digestion with liquid dairy manure. These studies were used to establish ultimate biogas yields, % volatile solids (VS) reduction and minimum hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Box-Wilson Central Composite design models for corn thin stillage and waste grease (as co-substrates with dairy manure) suggest methane yields optimize with increasing proportion of the feed VS from co-substrates (constant total VS in all assays) and increasing temperatures; however, temperature had a great effect. Bench scale studies were conducted to determine a change in digester design to optimize biogas yields and increase digestate stability. A two-phase digestion system was implemented for co-digestion systems using thin stillage and waste grease with dairy manure, and methane yields showed to increase by over 22% when compared with single-phase systems. Based on current FIT contracts of 18 to 20?/kWhe, the increased electricity and heat production could make the two-phase system economically attractive for producers. Organic loading rates (OLRs) over 4.4 g VS/L led to digester upset and OLRs of over 4.2 g VS/L·day are not recommended. On-farm anaerobic digester systems were studied for digester performance and digestate quality. Residual biogas potential (RBP) yields were effective at evaluating the stability of digestate and the U.K. PAS 110:2014 limit of 0.45 L biogas/g VS (28 days incubation) was assessed too lenient for the Ontario systems studied. A limit of 0.25 L biogas/g VS after 28 days of incubation or 0.45 L biogas/g VS after 60 days of incubation are recommended. VS reductions ranged from 56 to 76% and easily achieved the O. Reg. 267/03 regulated 50% VS reduction. E.coli and Salmonella were typically 1 to 3 logs CFU/100 mL lower than raw manure and increased HRT did not demonstrate a significant impact on the bacterial log reductions. Intermediate alkalinity (IA)/partial alkalinity (PA) proved to be a valuable tool in determining potential digester upset and has been recommended as a standard performance parameter for on-farm systems.

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Processes written by Nigel Horan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new application processes in the context of anaerobic digestion (AD), such as phosphorus recovery, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and seaweed digestion. In addition, it introduces a new technique for the modeling and optimization of AD processes. Chapters 1 and 2 review AD as a technique for converting a range of organic wastes into biogas, while Chapter 3 discusses the recovery of phosphorus from anaerobically digested liquor. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on new techniques for modeling and optimizing AD. Chapters 6 and 7 then describe the state of the art in AD effluent treatment. The book’s final three chapters focus on more recent developments, including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) (Chapter 8), seaweed production (Chapter 9), and enzyme technologies (Chapter 10).

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste for Energy Production written by Satoto Endar Nayono and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as such or together with food waste, press water or patatoes sludge was investigated to equilibrate methane production within a day or over the weekend, when no OFMSW was available. A stable co-digestion process could be achieved with COD degradation between 60 and 80 %. The max. organic loading rates were 28 kg COD/L, d. For stable methane production the OLR during Co-digestion should not excede 22,5 kg/L,

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion written by A. Wheatley and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-11-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: