Download or read book An X ray Diffraction Study of Water Structures and Solvated Ions in Aqueous Solutions written by Harold D. Bale and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book X Ray Diffraction of Ions in Aqueous Solutions Hydration and Complex Formation written by Magini Magini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2018. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.
Download or read book X Ray Diffraction of Ions in Aqueous Solutions Hydration and Complex Formation written by Magini Magini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2018. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book X Ray Diffraction of Ions in Aqueous Solns written by Giovanni Licheri and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-02-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report written by United States. Office of Water Resources Research and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Structural Chemistry written by Stepan S. Batsanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise description of models and quantitative parameters in structural chemistry and their interrelations, with 280 tables and >3000 references giving the most up-to-date experimental data on energy characteristics of atoms, molecules and crystals (ionisation potentials, electron affinities, bond energies, heats of phase transitions, band and lattice energies), optical properties (refractive index, polarisability), spectroscopic characteristics and geometrical parameters (bond distances and angles, coordination numbers) of substances in gaseous, liquid and solid states, in glasses and melts, for various thermodynamic conditions. Systems of metallic, covalent, ionic and van der Waals radii, effective atomic charges and other empirical and semi-empirical models are critically revised. Special attention is given to new and growing areas: structural studies of solids under high pressures and van der Waals molecules in gases. The book is addressed to researchers, academics, postgraduates and advanced-course students in crystallography, materials science, physical chemistry of solids.
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Solutions written by H. Ohtaki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the study of structural and dynamic properties of solutions have provided a molecular picture of solute-solvent interactions. Although the study of thermodynamic as well as electronic properties of solutions have played a role in the development of research on the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions, such macroscopic and microscopic properties are insufficient for a deeper understanding of fast chemical and biological reactions. In order to fill the gap between the two extremes, it is necessary to know how molecules are arranged in solution and how they change their positions in both the short and long range. This book has been designed to meet these criteria. It is possible to develop a sound microscopic picture for reaction dynamics in solution without molecular-level knowledge of how reacting ionic or neutral species are solvated and how rapidly the molecular environment is changing with time. A variety of actual examples is given as to how and when modern molecular approaches can be used to solve specific solution problems. The following tools are discussed: x-ray and neutron diffraction, EXAFS, and XANES, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo computer simulations, Raman, infrared, NMR, fluorescence, and photoelectron emission spectroscopic methods, conductance and viscosity measurements, high pressure techniques, and statistical mechanics methods. Static and dynamic properties of ionic solvation, molecular solvation, ion-pair formation, ligand exchange reactions, and typical organic solvents are useful for bridging the gap between classical thermodynamic studies and modern single-molecule studies in the gas phase. The book will be of interest to solution, physical, inorganic, analytical and structural chemists as well as to chemical kineticists.
Download or read book Research Reports Supported by Office of Water Research and Technology Received During the Period written by and published by . This book was released on 1974-07 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report written by United States. Office of Water Resources Research and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report Office of Water Resources Research written by United States. Office of Water Resources Research and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Reports Supported by Office of Water Resources Research Under the Water Resources Act of 1964 Received During the Period July 1971 1977 79 written by Water Resources Scientific Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Science and Its Applications ICCSA 2015 written by Osvaldo Gervasi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-19 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five-volume set LNCS 9155-9159 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2015, held in Banff, AB, Canada, in June 2015. The 232 revised full papers presented in 22 workshops and a general track were carefully reviewed and selected from 780 initial submissions for inclusion in this volume. They cover various areas in computational science ranging from computational science technologies to specific areas of computational science such as computational geometry and security.
Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 2806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book X ray Study of Ice and Water on Surfaces and in Aqueous Solutions written by Iradwikanari Waluyo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since antiquity, water has been considered as the most important substance on Earth. In fact, the abundance of liquid water on this planet allowed for the emergence and evolution of life. At the molecular level, the structure of an individual water molecule may seem simple; however, the intermolecular interaction between water molecules in the form of hydrogen bonding gives rise to water's various properties that can be considered anomalous when compared to other liquids. In this dissertation, several synchrotron x-ray techniques were used to investigate water in its liquid and solid phases in terms of its structure in and interaction with different model systems that mimic the environments in which water is usually found in nature. First, the effect of ion solvation on the local structure of water was explored using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). There is a charge density dependence of the ability of cations in the restructuring of the water molecules in their vicinity. The monovalent Na+ tends to weaken H-bonds between water molecules, while the divalent Mg2+ and trivalent Al3+ form stable, highly ordered, high-density hydration shells. Fluoride (F- ) anion was found to act as a nucleation site for the formation of tetrahedral, low-density structures in liquid water due to its ability to form H-bonds with water, similar to the effect of temperature decrease. XAS spectra of alkali halide solutions confirm that all alkali cations break water-water H-bonds to a varying degree while Cl- and Br- have no distinguishable effect on water and I- tends to break H-bonds. Second, the structure of water confined in AOT reverse micelles was studied using x-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy (XRS), which shows spectral changes that are indicative of an increasing fraction of weakened/distorted H-bonds. Third, the effect of ice adsorption on the electronic structure of hydrophobic methyl-terminated Si(111) surface was studied by C 1s XAS. Despite macroscopic observations of hydrophobicity (i.e. the formation of three-dimensional ice clusters on the surface to maximize water-water H-bonding and minimize surface-water interaction), water molecules were found to directly interact with and increase the asymmetric character of the excited state orbitals of the methyl groups. Finally, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and XAS were used to study the growth and structure of ice on Pt(111). Pt 4f and O 1s XPS spectra show that the crystalline ice prepared by isothermally heating amorphous ice on Pt(111) forms three-dimensional crystallites, and a significant area of the first monolayer on Pt(111) is exposed to vacuum even at relatively high total coverages. In addition, experimental data from XAS and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) confirm that the free OH groups on the surface of ice give rise to the XAS pre-edge feature, but there are also contributions from disordered H-bonding in bulk ice, likely due to the presence of various phases of amorphous ice.
Download or read book Introduction to Condensed Matter Chemistry written by Jihong Yu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Condensed Matter Chemistry offers a general view of chemistry from the perspective of condensed matter chemistry, analyzing and contrasting chemical reactions in a more realistic setting than traditional thinking. Readers will also find discussions on the goals and major scientific questions in condensed matter chemistry and the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter. Processes and products of chemical reactions should not be determined solely by the structure and composition of these basic species but also by the complex and possibly multilevel structured physical and chemical environment, together referred to as their condensed state. Relevant matters in condensed state should be the main bodies of chemical reactions, which is applicable not only to solids and liquids but also to gas molecules as reactions among gas molecules can take place only in the presence of catalysts in specific condensed states or after their state transition under extreme reaction conditions. This book provides new insights on the liquid state chemistry, definitions, aspects, and interactions, summarizing fundamentals of main chemical reactions from a new perspective. Helps to establish the new field of Condensed Matter Chemistry Highlights the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter Focuses on both liquid and solid state chemistry
Download or read book Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths written by Jean-Claude G. Bunzli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-10-30 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 60 presents the latest release in this continuous series that covers all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics. Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts
