Download or read book An Urban Micro climate Model for Site specific Building Energy Simulation written by Haider G. Taha and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies written by Massimo Palme and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​​This book discusses urban microclimate and heat-related risks in urban areas, brought on by the combination of global climate change effects and local modification of climate determined by extensive urbanization such as the ‘Urban heat island’ phenomenon. This matter is relevant to almost all urbanized areas in the world, where the increase of urban population and air temperature is expected to endanger both the overall health of the population and the energy supply for the functioning of urban systems. The book details the inter-relationship between urban morphology, microclimate and building energy performance and presents a multidisciplinary approach that brings together Urban Climatology, Engineering and Architectural knowledge to support the development of reliable models and tools for research and practice. This book is a useful tool for architects and building energy modelers, urban planners and geographers who need a practical guide to realize basic urban microclimate simulation for use in both academic research and planning practice.

Download or read book Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation written by Jan L.M. Hensen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective building performance simulation can reduce the environmental impact of the built environment, improve indoor quality and productivity, and facilitate future innovation and technological progress in construction. It draws on many disciplines, including physics, mathematics, material science, biophysics and human behavioural, environmental and computational sciences. The discipline itself is continuously evolving and maturing, and improvements in model robustness and fidelity are constantly being made. This has sparked a new agenda focusing on the effectiveness of simulation in building life-cycle processes. Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation begins with an introduction to the concepts of performance indicators and targets, followed by a discussion on the role of building simulation in performance-based building design and operation. This sets the ground for in-depth discussion of performance prediction for energy demand, indoor environmental quality (including thermal, visual, indoor air quality and moisture phenomena), HVAC and renewable system performance, urban level modelling, building operational optimization and automation. Produced in cooperation with the International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA), and featuring contributions from fourteen internationally recognised experts in this field, this book provides a unique and comprehensive overview of building performance simulation for the complete building life-cycle from conception to demolition. It is primarily intended for advanced students in building services engineering, and in architectural, environmental or mechanical engineering; and will be useful for building and systems designers and operators.

Download or read book Urban Microclimate written by Evyatar Erell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of life of millions of people living in cities could be improved if the form of the city were to evolve in a manner appropriate to its climatic context. Climatically responsive urban design is vital to any notion of sustainability: it enables individual buildings to make use of renewable energy sources for passive heating and cooling, it enhances pedestrian comfort and activity in outdoor spaces, and it may even encourage city dwellers to moderate their dependence on private vehicles. Urban Microclimate bridges the gap between climatology research and applied urban design. It provides architects and urban design professionals with an understanding of how the structure of the built environment at all scales affects microclimatic conditions in the space between buildings, and analyzes the interaction between microclimate and each of the elements of the urban landscape. In the first two sections of the book, the extensive body of work on this subject by climatologists and geographers is presented in the language of architecture and planning professionals. The third section follows each step in the design process, and in part four a critical analysis of selected case study projects provides a demonstration of the complexity of applied urban design. Practitioners will find in this book a useful guide to consult, as they address these key environmental issues in their own work.

Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.

Download or read book Urban Microclimate a Study of Energy Balance and Fluid Dynamics written by Neda Yaghoobian and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements in building energy use, air quality in urban canyons and in general urban microclimates requires understanding of the complex interaction between urban morphology, materials, and climate as well as their interaction with the flow dynamics in urban canyons. The review of the literature indicates that despite a long history of valuable urban microclimate studies, more comprehensive approaches of investigating energy, heat and flow in urban areas are needed. In this research an indoor-outdoor dynamically coupled urban model, the Temperature of Urban Facets Indoor-Outdoor Building Energy Simulator (TUF-IOBES), has been developed and carefully validated. It is a building-to-canopy model that simulates indoor and outdoor building surface temperatures and heat fluxes in an urban area to estimate cooling/heating loads and energy use in buildings. The effects of a large number of parameters such as different ground surface albedo, building condition, window size and type, seasonal climate, and canopy aspect ratio on building thermal loads were investigated. The results presented in this dissertation highlight the fact that the interaction of urban materials (e.g. reflective pavements) with surrounding buildings must be considered in the energy analysis of urban areas. Although reflective pavements have been proposed as a mitigation measure for urban heat island since they reduce urban air temperatures, the increased solar reflectivity which transports solar radiation into (through fenestrations) and onto adjacent buildings increases building energy use. To investigate a more comprehensive and realistic simulation of the diurnally varying street canyon flow and associated heat transport, TUF-IOBES three-dimensional surface heat flux distribution were used as thermal boundary conditions in large-eddy simulation (LES). Compared to previous analyses which used uniformly distributed thermal forcing on urban surfaces, the present analysis shows that non-uniform thermal forcing can result in complex local air flow patterns. Strong horizontal pressure gradients were detected in streamwise and spanwise canyons throughout the daytime which motivate larger turbulent velocity fluctuations in the horizontal directions rather than in the vertical direction. This dissertation demonstrates that only local simulations for specific neighborhoods and urban climates can elucidate specific effects of urban mitigation measures; with often surprising outcomes

Download or read book Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment written by M. Santamouris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the number and percentage of people living in urban areas is growing rapidly. Up to half of the world's population is expected to be living in a city by the end of the century and there are over 170 cities in the world with populations over a million. Cities have a huge impact on the local climate and require vast quantities of energy to keep them functioning. The urban environment in turn has a big impact on the performance and needs of buildings. The size, scale and mechanism of these interactions is poorly understood and strategies to mitigate them are rarely implemented. This is the first comprehensive book to address these questions. It arises out of a programme of work (POLISTUDIES) carried out for the Save programme of the European Commission. Chapters describe not only the main problems encountered such as the heat island and canyon effects, but also a range of design solutions that can be adopted both to improve the energy performance and indoor air quality of individual buildings and to look at aspects of urban design that can reduce these climatic effects. The book concludes with some examples of innovative urban bioclimatic buildings. The project was co-ordinated by Professor Mat Santamouris from the University of Athens who is also the editor of the book. Other contributions are from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, ENTPE, Lyons, France and the University of Stuttgart, Germany.

Download or read book Urban Overheating Progress on Mitigation Science and Engineering Applications written by Michele Zinzi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of global warming and urban sprawl is the origin of the most hazardous climate change effect detected at urban level: Urban Heat Island, representing the urban overheating respect to the countryside surrounding the city. This book includes 18 papers representing the state of the art of detection, assessment mitigation and adaption to urban overheating. Advanced methods, strategies and technologies are here analyzed including relevant issues as: the role of urban materials and fabrics on urban climate and their potential mitigation, the impact of greenery and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve the thermal comfort, the role the urban geometry in the air temperature rise, the use of satellite and ground data to assess and quantify the urban overheating and develop mitigation solutions, calculation methods and application to predict and assess mitigation scenarios. The outcomes of the book are thus relevant for a wide multidisciplinary audience, including: environmental scientists and engineers, architect and urban planners, policy makers and students.

Download or read book Development of Multi Scale City Building Energy Model for Urban Climate Resilience written by Ali Katal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decades, the world has experienced rapid urbanization that caused increasing climate change challenges, pollution, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. More frequent and more prolonged extreme weather events such as heatwave and cold-wave and urban heat island phenomena are some negative impacts of climate change. The building sector is an essential source of urban energy consumption, GHG emission, and Urban Heat Island (UHI) formation. Different energy efficiency measures can be implemented to reduce building energy consumption, such as retrofitting existing building stock and deploying new technologies. These scenarios will also contribute to the mitigation of UHI, heatwaves, and climate change. Urban building energy models are simulation tools developed to study these kinds of problems. There are several challenges with existing Urban Building Energy Modelling (UBEM) tools, including creating a 3D model of buildings, estimating buildings' properties, and using urban microclimate data for simulation. On the other hand, accurate building energy simulation and fluxes from buildings to the atmosphere can impact forecasting accuracy by numerical weather prediction tools. Therefore, developing a multi-scale integrated urban building energy and climate simulation tool is essential for modeling both buildings' energy performance and atmospheric fields. In this work, a new urban building energy model called City Building Energy Model (CityBEM) is developed to solve UBEMs' current challenges. First, a building-scale energy and airflow simulation model is developed for modeling a single building. It is based on a coupled thermal/airflow multi-zone network model. The multi-zone network model is then modified for calculation of urban scale buildings' energy performance. A new method is developed to create the 3D model of buildings by integrating buildings' footprint data obtained from OpenStreetMap and Microsoft and building height information by Google Earth Application Programming Interface (API). An archetype library is developed for the estimation of buildings' non-geometrical properties. Buildings are classified based on usage type and age obtained from city shapefile datasets. The geometrical and non-geometrical datasets are joined using the QGIS tool and Mapbox platform. To use local microclimate data for buildings' energy performance, CityBEM is integrated with different microclimate simulation tools. First, CityBEM is fully integrated with the CityFFD tool to model the two-way interaction between buildings and microclimate. In the second method, a multi-scale urban climate and buildings energy simulation tool is developed by one-way integration of CityBEM with 3D Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) and Surface Prediction System (SPS) developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The one-way multi-scale model cannot capture the impact of CityBEM on the atmospheric fields; therefore, to model this impact, the CityBEM is added as a new module to the SPS model. SPS includes a Town Energy Balance (TEB) scheme for modeling the urban surface. In this thesis, CityBEM is added to the TEB for modeling the buildings. Using the developed TEB-CityBEM model in GEM simulations, near-surface forecasting accuracy can be improved, and buildings' energy simulation is added as a new feature to the GEM model. The multi-scale model can be used to study different mitigation strategies such as retrofitting existing buildings, modeling natural ventilation and its impact on reducing energy consumption, model new technologies to reduce energy consumption, etc. The TEB-CityBEM model can also be added to the air quality model of ECCC called GEM-MACH to study the impact of urban building modeling on air quality in urban areas. Finally, due to the importance of aerosol transmission of covid-19 in indoor spaces, it is essential to develop a model to study the impact of different mitigation strategies on reducing the risk of infection in the rooms and their corresponding energy consumption effects. In this thesis, a city-scale model (CityRPI) is developed to estimate airborne transmission of COVID-19 in indoor spaces. The CityRPI model is integrated with the CityBEM. The integrated model is applied to Montreal, and the impact of mitigation strategies on the infection risk and energy consumption is studied for different types of buildings.

Download or read book Advances in Building Energy Research written by Mat Santamouris and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2008 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Building Energy Research (ABER) offers state-of-the-art information on the environmental science and performance of buildings, linking new technologies and methodologies with the latest research on systems, simulations and standards. As stringently reviewed as a journal but with the breadth of a book, this annual volume brings together invited contributions from the foremost international experts on energy efficiency and environmental quality of buildings. Spanning a broad range of technical subjects, this is a 'must have' reference on global developments in the field, suitable for architects and building engineers, environmental engineers, industry professionals, students, teachers and researchers in building science, technical libraries and laboratories.Volume 3 covers:- Energy, Carbon and Cost Performance of Building Stocks- Solar Chimneys in Buildings- Optimization and Economics of Solar Cooling Systems- Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms in Energy Applications in Buildings- Decision Support Methodologies on the Energy Efficiency and Energy Management in Buildings- Progress in Numerical Modelling for Urban Thermal Environment Studies- Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE): An Inevitable Step Toward Sustainability- Guidelines to Avoid Mould Growth in Buildings- Thermal Impact of Strategic Landscaping in Cities- Urban Heat Island and its Impact on Building Energy Consumption- Green Roofs in Buildings: Thermal and Environmental Behaviour- Building Earth-Contact Heat Transfer

Download or read book Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions written by Vincenzo Costanzo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with an understanding of the impact that different morphologies, construction materials and green coverage solutions have on the urban microclimate, thus affecting the comfort conditions of urban inhabitants and the energy needs of buildings in urban areas. The book covers the latest approaches to energy and outdoor comfort measurement and modelling on an urban scale, and describes possible measures and strategies to mitigate the effects of the mutual interaction between urban settlements and local microclimate. Despite its relevance, only limited literature is currently devoted to appraising—from an engineering perspective—the intertwining relationships between urban geometry and fabrics, energy fluxes between buildings and their surroundings, outdoor microclimate conditions and building energy demands in urban areas. This book fills this gap by first discussing the physical processes that govern heat and mass transfer at an urban scale, while emphasizing the role played by different spatial arrangements, manmade materials and green infrastructures on the outdoor microclimate. The first chapters also address the implications of these factors on the outdoor comfort conditions experienced by pedestrians, and on the buildings’ energy demand for space heating and cooling. Then, based upon cutting-edge experimental activities and simulation work, this book demonstrates current and forthcoming adaptation and mitigation strategies to improve the urban microclimate and its impact on the built environment, such as cool materials, thermochromic and retroreflective finishing materials, and green infrastructures applied either at a building scale or at the urban scale. The effect of these solutions is demonstrated for different cities worldwide under a range of climate conditions. Finally, the book opens a wider perspective by introducing the basic elements that allow fuel poverty, raw materials consumption, and the principles of circular economy in the definition of a resilient urban settlement.

Download or read book Site specific Heat Island Simulations written by Haider G. Taha and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a Coupled Simulation Tool for Urban Building Energy Demand District Energy Systems and Microclimate Modeling written by Georgios-Evrystheas Kyriakodis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD work investigates the complex links between urban physical processes, through the development of coupled simulation platforms to account simultaneously for building energy demand, individual or district energy systems, and urban microclimate. The spatial and temporal scales correspond to urban neighborhoods under explicit geometries, and annual simulations respectively. Several coupling strategies have been evaluated, regarding thermal efficiency indicators, and the determination of the diversity of coupled phenomena. The synchronous coupling schemes can effectively assess the dynamical interactions between buildings and the local microclimate. Nevertheless, the coupling variable is sensitive to the thermal properties of the building. The simplification of the urban canopy layer to a single-node description reveals significant variability in building energy demand. Besides, the developed model has been employed to assess the thermal performance of an urban neighborhood in La Rochelle. The transition from local energy systems to the district energy network eliminates anthropogenic heat from buildings, and improves the outdoor thermal comfort conditions, acting as a local heat island mitigation strategy. However, it is associated with an energy penalty due to the ground losses of the piping circuit. This energy penalty is amplified when a passive mitigation strategy (cool materials) is implemented concurrently.

Download or read book Urban Heat Island UHI Mitigation written by Napoleon Enteria and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the concepts and technologies associated with the mitigation of urban heat islands (UHIs) that are applicable in hot and humid regions. It presents several city case studies on how UHIs can be reduced in various areas to provide readers, researchers, and policymakers with insights into the concepts and technologies that should be considered when planning and constructing urban centres and buildings. The rapid development of urban areas in hot and humid regions has led to an increase in urban temperatures, a decrease in ventilation in buildings, and a transformation of the once green outdoor environment into areas full of solar-energy-absorbing concrete and asphalt. This situation has increased the discomfort of people living in these areas regardless of whether they occupy concrete structures. This is because indoor and outdoor air quality have both suffered from urbanisation. The development of urban areas has also increased energy consumption so that the occupants of buildings can enjoy indoor thermal comfort and air quality that they need via air conditioning systems. This book offers solutions to the recent increase in the number of heat islands in hot and humid regions.​

Download or read book Urban Geomorphology written by Mary J Thornbush and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Geomorphology: Landforms and Processes in Cities addresses the human impacts on landscapes through occupation (urbanization) and development as a contribution to anthropogenic geomorphology or "anthropogeomorphology." This includes a focus on land clearance, conservation issues, pollution, decay and erosion, urban climate, and anthropogenic climate change. These topics, as well as others, are considered to shed more light on the human transformation of natural landscapes and the environmental impacts and geomorphological hazards that environmental change can encompass. Its multidisciplinary approach is appropriate for audiences from a range of disciplines and professions, from geologists, conservationists, and land-use planners to architects and developers. Urban Geomorphology not only transcends disciplines, but also covers varied spatial-temporal frameworks and presents a diverse set of approaches and solutions to human impacts and geomorphological hazards within urban landscapes. - Features a cross-disciplinary perspective, highlighting the importance of the geosciences to environmental science, engineering, and public policy - Focuses on the built environment as the location of concentrated human impacts and change - Provides an international scope, including case studies from urban areas around the world

Download or read book Towards Net Zero Carbon Emissions in the Building Industry written by Ali Sayigh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Net Zero in the Building Industry looks at the contributions that the building and construction industry can (and must) make to help achieve net zero carbon emissions. The building industry accounts for close to 40% of global emissions and this book brings together a global group of contributors from 15 countries to examine ways in which the industry can help with overall CO2 reduction. Coverage includes factors such as building design strategy, materials selection, use of local materials with a low carbon imprint, renewable energy use, energy conservation, greenery and appropriate aesthetics, building size and scale, climate suitability, building functionality and comfort, material recycling, and adoption of green policies. Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Urban Heat Island Modeling for Tropical Climates written by Ansar Khan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Heat Island Modeling for Tropical Climates takes into account the different urban physics in tropical environments, presenting a way of UHI scaling for tropical cities. Topics include measuring, modeling and proper mitigation strategies, which account for the surface energy balance of tropics. Tropical cities are more susceptible to the effects of projected global warming because of conditions in tropical climates and the rapid growth of so many cities in this zone. The need for research on measuring, modeling and mitigation of UHI effects in tropical cities is of growing importance. This book walks through the basics of Urban Heat Islands, including causes, measurement and analysis then expands upon issues as well as the novel techniques that can be used to address issues specific to the region. - Reviews topics related to understanding the fundamentals of modeling and impacts of urban heat islands - Covers many techniques, from remote sensing, to numerical modeling and then applying them to urban climate studies in general, and in tropical cities - Describes the scaling of urban heat islands based on long-term seasonal thermal parameters as feature-based classification systems using a probabilistic and fuzzy logic approach, unlike local climate zones (LCZs)