Download or read book An Investigation of the Effect of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration on the Behaviour of Brown Coal written by Dileeka Jasinge and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological sequestration has the potential to store massive amounts of CO2, which otherwise would contribute to the global warming. Sequestration in unminable coal seams has been identified as one of the promising geological storage options currently available. The most noteworthy difference in this method of CO2 storage from the other geological storage options is its ability to generate revenue by the production of methane gas, which can offset partly the cost of sequestration. In addition, coal's ability to adsorb CO2 when injected in to a coal seam, and the available large surface area for adsorption, makes coal an extremely competitive option for the CO2 storage. Extensive research work that has been executed to better understand CO2 sequestration via pilot projects, commercial projects, laboratory studies, numerical work and analytical studies have contributed to create a positive attitude on people's minds to some extent. However, still there are unresolved areas in CO2 sequestration in coal that needs to be investigated further. Important coal properties such as permeability and behaviour related to mechanical properties, when CO2 is injected into coal need to be further researched and comprehended clearly before attempting commercially at large scale. The current research study investigates the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the behaviour of mechanical properties of coal. The research program consists of an extensive experimental study and a numerical model. Experimental work carried out during the current research study can be mainly divided in to three segments. They are: Development of reconstituted coal specimens, Investigation of coal permeability and effect of exposure to CO2 on permeability, Behaviour of coal mechanical properties on exposure to CO2. Highly heterogeneous nature of coal sometimes makes it difficult to interpret the laboratory derived results. Therefore, a homogeneous sample with reproducible properties would be highly advantageous in performing laboratory experiments to investigate the behaviour of mechanical properties of coal in coal CO2 sequestration studies. An extensive experimental study was performed to develop homogeneous reconstituted coal specimens with reproducible properties. Investigation on the development of reconstituted coal was started with black coal samples readily available in the laboratory. Portland cement was used as a binding agent. Mechanical properties of reconstituted black coal were investigated and the observed results were used to develop a correlation between Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and point load index (Is50). An extensive laboratory work was performed to develop a reconstituted brown coal specimen using brown coal taken from Latrobe Valley (Hazelwood mine) in Victoria. Reconstituted specimens were developed with and without binders. Portland cement was used for the specimens with binders. However, the binderless reconstituted specimens made with moist coal produced a better reconstituted material with mechanical properties close to that of natural coal. Furthermore, gas sorption experiments performed on reconstituted coal specimens with and without cement appeared to have similar gas sorption properties with reference to the observed gas sorption data. Permeability tests were performed on natural coal and reconstituted coal, with an intension of understanding the permeability behaviour at different confining pressures and gas injection pressures. Tests were performed using alternative injection patterns with CO2 and nitrogen (N2) in order to understand the effect of CO2 on coal permeability. Permeability observed during N2 injection is significantly greater than that of CO2. Permeability loss due to CO2 injection was temporarily recovered when N2 was flooded through coal. However, recovered permeability was soon dropped further, when more CO2 was flooded through coal. Furthermore, observed results revealed the permeability dependency on effective stress, gas injection pressure, coal swelling and gas type. These experimental results have been later confirmed by performing a numerical model developed using COMET3 software. Investigation of mechanical properties tests have been started with black coal specimens readily available in the laboratory. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on black coal specimens saturated with CO2. The observed results were compared with specimens with no CO2. Acoustic Emission (AE) measurements were taken simultaneously with the uniaxial compression tests. Important observations have been made on the effect of carbon dioxide saturation implications on crack thresholds. The uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus behaviour when specimens have been saturated with CO2 has been consistent with the previous findings. Testing of Latrobe Valley brown coal was started with uniaxial compression testing. CO2 saturation caused an observable reduction in coal strength and elastic modulus. Furthermore, it showed an increasing effect with increasing saturation time. Triaxial tests carried out on brown coal with gas saturations such as CO2 and N2 did not confirm any variation of mechanical properties. Simultaneously with the triaxial tests, AE measurement was carried out. Similar to the results observed with black coal under uniaxial compression testing, effect of CO2 saturation implications on crack thresholds were observed.

Download or read book Investigation of the Effect of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration on the Hydro Mechanical Properties of Coal written by Mandadige Samintha Anne Perera and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in deep coal seam causes both coal seam permeability and strength to be significantly reduced due to CO2 adsorption-induced coal matrix swelling. In addition, in deep coal seams CO2 exists in its super-critical state, which has quite different chemical and physical properties compared to sub-critical CO2. However, to date, there has been a lack of understanding regarding the effect of super-critical CO2 injection on coal flow and strength. The main objective of this study is to understand the effects of sub-critical and super-critical CO2 injections on coal flow and strength properties through experimental, numerical, theoretical and analytical investigations.A high pressure triaxial set-up was first developed to conduct permeability tests under high injecting and confining pressures, axial load and temperature conditions. The developed set-up was then used to conduct permeability tests for naturally fractured black coal samples taken from the Appin coal mine of the Bulli coal seam, Southern Sydney basin to identify the effects of sub-critical and super-critical CO2 injections on coal permeability. According to the experimental results, the amount of swelling due to CO2 adsorption depends on the CO2 phase state and confining and injecting pressures, and super-critical CO2 adsorption creates approximately double the swelling effect compared to sub-critical CO2. In addition, super-critical CO2 exhibits somewhat lower permeability values compared to sub-critical CO2, and this permeability reduction increases with increasing injecting pressure. Interestingly, N2 has the potential to reverse the CO2 induced swelling areas to some extent. If the temperature effect on permeability is considered, temperature has a positive effect on CO2 permeability. The CO2 permeability increment with increasing temperature increases with increasing CO2 pressure, and the effect of temperature on coal permeability is negligible at low CO2 pressures (

Download or read book An Investigation on Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Indian Coal Seams written by Vikram Vishal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term 'geological sequestration' stands for the capture of CO2 directly from anthropogenic sources and disposing of it deep into the ground for geologically significant periods of time (Bachu, 2002). Coal seam sequestration as described by White et al. (2005) is "the storage of CO2 from anthropogenic sources into deep, unminable coal seams for geologically significant limits with or without concomitant recovery of natural gas".Methane is native to coal and has its origin in coalification process. Coal is the source as well as reservoir to significant quantities of methane, a potential energy resource. Coalbed methane (CBM) a bonus non-conventional energy source is generated mainly due to geochemical transformation of the organic matter by catagenesis. CO2 injection reduces the partial pressure of methane and enhances desorption of methane from the matrix. CO2 has an additional effect compared to other gases that it is preferentially adsorbed onto coal surfaces, displacing methane from adsorption sites. CO2-ECBM sequestration is a value addition project in management of increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) as it recovers the cost of capture, processing, transportation and storage of CO2 by production of methane.The primary aim of this research was to develop an understanding on the coal-fluid interaction pertinent to carbon storage in coal seams with special reference to Indian coal basins. Damodar valley coalfield where production of coalbed methane is being carried out was chosen for this study. The objectives of this study included detailed knowledge of geotechnical characterization of coal measure rocks, strength characteristics of coal under saturation in different media, swelling and stress induced changes in flow behaviour of coal in multiple phases of carbon dioxide and estimation of gas storage potential of Indian coal basins.After the geological field work, petrographic and geomechanical characterization of coal measure rocks was carried out. Sandstone and shale along with varying degrees of their intercalations were identified in thin section studies under the microscope. The pertinent geomechanical characteristics of the rocks and coal were determined using laboratory tests according to the International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM) standards. Some data generated during these tests were used as inputs for prediction of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and P-wave velocity using soft computing. An important aspect of coal seam sequestration is the influence of CO2 saturation on strength parameters and failure characteristics of the host. Fluid saturation experiments were carried out to explore the effects of CO2 adsorption on natural as well as moisture-equilibrated coal. Water saturation of coal led to high reduction in its strength implying that the seam pressure in water saturated sinks must be managed at lower levels during sequestration as compared to the dry reservoirs. Injection of CO2 leads to sorptive weakening of coal. The scenario was worst when CO2 was injected in wet coal. CO2 saturation induces swelling in coal and creates or enhances the fracture lines along coal as also evident by the early crack initiation in the acoustic emission results. Coupled stress strain data during uniaxial compression were recorded and analyzed. Introduction of water and CO2 caused early failure of coal samples at a lower value of load alongside inducing larger amount of strain at same stress values. The brittle nature of coal became less pronounced upon water saturation leading to larger time for crack initiation. To overcome the structural heterogeneity in coal, reconstituted coal specimens of uniform grain size were prepared using moulds and their strength was calculated under dry and saturated conditions. The reconstituted coal specimens were developed at different stresses and the properties of coal developed at 22 MPa and 24 MPa were found to be closest to that of natural coal. The magnitude of strength reduction in these samples was less as compared to the natural specimens. This could be due to high compaction and elimination of flow paths for fluids. Sample interiors remained largely intact and least affected by the fluids and hence, the strength remained closer to unsaturated reconstituted coal specimens.Permeability in coal is one of the most vital issues that determine the production or sequestration performance of coal. The permeability of CO2 in different phases in coal samples under various possible scenarios was estimated using a newly developed, high precision P-T controlled triaxial set up. The permeability of coal decreased exponentially with increasing effective stresses for Indian coal and new empirical equations accounting for stress behaviour of coal permeability were proposed. The rate of coal matrix swelling reduced in 30-40 hours of gas injection after which coal permeability gradually increased with increasing upstream pressure. Finally, at constant pore pressure, coal permeability reduced drastically with increasing confining stresses. A similar experiment was conducted using naturally fractured coal from the same seam while maintaining a low range of confining and injection pressures to ensure a complete gas phase CO2 flow. The permeability of coal reduced with increasing CO2 injection pressure in four out of five cases of confinement implying that complete closure of fractures due to coal swelling took longer time of CO2 saturation. However, permeability of coal reduced exponentially with increasing effective stresses. The next experiment investigated liquid and supercritical CO2 permeability of coal at varying confining pressures (15 - 24 MPa), corresponding to different depths of coal. The initial liquid CO2 permeability of coal at 10 MPa injection pressure reduced from 0.011 mD at 15 MPa confinement to 0.0004 mD at 24 MPa confinement. Further experiments revealed that the initial permeability of coal using supercritical CO2 (0.005 mD) was nearly half of that for liquid CO2 (0.011 mD). Nitrogen, used as a relatively inert medium, experienced a reduction in permeability in coal through which CO2 was passed. Maximum reduction in coal permeability was observed in supercritical CO2 flow, due to high sorption induced swelling of coal. After the role of confining stresses in different phase of CO2 was studied, the role of CO2 saturation period on coal permeability was studied at a fixed confining pressure of 18 MPa. Permeability of liquid as well as supercritical CO2 reduced after each period of 20 h saturation. Maximum permeability reduction took place by nearly 27% and 43% for liquid and supercritical CO2 saturation respectively, in the first out of three saturation periods. However, permeability of supercritical CO2 continued to reduce after each period of saturation while minimal reduction took place at the end of second and third period of swelling with liquid CO2. Similar trends were also observed in case of N2 since the cleats were effectively closed due to passage of different phases of CO2. This highlights that supercritical state of CO2 induces maximum adsorption related swelling and the subsequent reduction in coal permeability.Based on detailed experimental understanding of the coal samples and the field information on behaviour of coal seams, reservoir simulation studies were carried out using a commercial simulator called COMET 3. Model construction was followed by history matching of the CBM wells to establish and validate those before extending the cases for CO2 injection and enhanced recovery of the natural gas. The same established models were used to investigate parametric influence on production characteristics of coal. In a scenario of given block size with one injection well and two production wells, the spatial distribution and relative flow of the two gases were explored with change in time. The salient findings of these studies included: coals adsorbed CO2 quickly and surrounding matrix attained peak CO2 matrix concentration in one month due to high adsorption potential for CO2. The fracture gas saturation increased at first mainly near the production well due to sudden desorption of CH4 as a consequence of dewatering. Gradually, high gas saturation resulted in the block. The statistical data generated from this study revealed that over a period of 4000 days of observation, the coal block would take in approximately 7.7 bcf of CO2 and in lieu of which it would produce around 2.6 bcf of CH4 and a total of 12000 bbls of water. Similar exercise was carried out for two blocks in Jharia coalfields. The study on one block showed that over a period of 4000 days, the chosen coal block adsorbed approximately 7.75 bcf of CO2 in turn released 2.24 bcf of methane gas. The same variety of coal was simulated for a period of 20 years with an increased block size and it was found that for the chosen dimensions of Gondwana coal block in India, a total of 15.1 bcf of CO2 may be injected for permanent storage alongside recovery of not less than 5 bcf of methane. Numerical simulation for the established Jharia model was used to predict and understand the influence of sorption time on the production behaviour of coals. It revealed that the CO2 injection capacity into high sorption time coal was significantly higher than coal with low sorption time. Therefore, if not suitable for economical extraction of methane, these may alternatively be utilized as CO2 sinks. It was also shown that for coal belonging to Gondwana basin setting in India, sorption time less than 10 days followed equilibrium model of desorption. Although coals with higher sorption time exhibited non-equilibrium desorption and diffusion, they were finally observed to converge with the equilibrium model at later stages of gas injection/production. Some future works based on the new findings were suggested at the end of this research work.

Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

Download or read book Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering From the Past to the Future written by Reşat Ulusay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 2044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future contains the contributions presented at EUROCK2016, the 2016 International Symposium of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM 2016, Ürgüp, Cappadocia Region, Turkey, 29-31 August 2016). The contributions cover almost all aspects of rock mechanics and rock engineering from theories to engineering practices, emphasizing the future direction of rock engineering technologies. The 204 accepted papers and eight keynote papers, are grouped into several main sections: - Fundamental rock mechanics - Rock properties and experimental rock mechanics - Analytical and numerical methods in rock engineering - Stability of slopes in civil and mining engineering - Design methodologies and analysis - Rock dynamics, rock mechanics and rock engineering at historical sites and monuments - Underground excavations in civil and mining engineering - Coupled processes in rock mass for underground storage and waste disposal - Rock mass characterization - Petroleum geomechanics - Carbon dioxide sequestration - Instrumentation-monitoring in rock engineering and back analysis - Risk management, and - the 2016 Rocha Medal Lecture and the 2016 Franklin Lecture Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future will be of interest to researchers and professionals involved in the various branches of rock mechanics and rock engineering. EUROCK 2016, organized by the Turkish National Society for Rock Mechanics, is a continuation of the successful series of ISRM symposia in Europe, which began in 1992 in Chester, UK.

Download or read book The Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Phase Behavior and Viscosity of Coal Liquids written by Andrew Dingan Yu and published by . This book was released on 1980* with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from a Synthetic Flue Gas Mixture on the Physicochemical Properties of Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the view of the current global environmental problems, especially in the light of mitigating the effect of global warming due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide (C02) emissions to the atmosphere, numerous studies have been carried out recently on the sequestration of C02. Storage of C02 in storage sites, such as unmineable coal seams, has been identified as one of the promising options. The technology has an advantage of enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) production. Though this technology has recently surpassed its infancy, there are still many unanswered questions related to the direct flue gas injection into unmineable coal seams from the point source. Thus, an investigation was undertaken to determine the sorption characteristics of South African anthracite and bituminous coals relevant to flue gas sequestration in unmineable coal seams, and the effect of short-term (120 hours) and long-term (2 232 hours) flue gas sequestration on physical and chemical properties of the coals. The sorption measurements were conducted on 10 g coal samples obtained from Ermelo (Coal EML) and Somkkele (Coal SML) coalfields with an average grain size less than 2 mm. A synthetic industrial flue gas containing 12% C02, 5.5% 02, 82% N2 , 0.38% S02, and 0.12% N02 acquired from Afrox was used as in the adsorption experiments. The two coal sampleswere subjected to high-pressure flue gas at temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C and pressures ranging from 1.0 MPa to 9.0 MPa using a novel design high-pressure volumetric sorption system (HPVSS). Subsequently, the coal samples exposed to 60 °C and 9.0 MPa were characterized after the sorption measurements using conventional and advanced characterization techniques. The standard properties of the coals were analysed using thedensity Stereopycnometer, proximate and ultimate techniques. The physical properties (surface area, total pore volume and pore diameter) were analysed using the low-pressure C02 and N2 techniques. While the organic and inorganic composition of the coal, its surface structure and carbon functional types, along with its surface morphology, elemental analysis, chemical functionality were analysed using petrography, the solid state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C ssNMR), universal attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (UATR-FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX). Sorption of C02 by the two coal as highly reduced in the presence of additional gases due to competition for sorption sites. The reduction in CO2 (contained in the flue gas) sorption capacity of coal, as up to 63% compared to Sorption of pure C02. The conventional analytical technique have revealed significant changes of the physical and chemical structure of the coal upon flue gas exposure. However, clear changes in chemical structure were observed throughA TR-FTlR analysis. The observable change in surface chemistry of the coals suggests that there is chemical interaction between the coals and the flue gas components at high pressure. Slight structural changes were observed from FESEM and WAXRD characterization. There were no obvious structural changes from the results obtained from 13C NMR, except for slight changes of up to 37% for Coal EML and 27% for COAL SML in the aliphatic carbons bonded to oxygen. These changes could be due to the presence in the flue gas; thus, substituting to form stronger intensities of the COO bonds as observed in the UATR-FTIR spectra. The flue gas sorption capacity of Coal SML was found to be more than Coal EML, suggesting that Coal SML has more affinity for the flue gas species. The .Extended Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was found to describe adequately the flue gas sorption process on both the coal samples. Lastly, it was depicted using COMSOL Multiphysics® tool that the rate of adsorption of the individual flue gas species is high, and the fluid velocity varies throughout the cleat structure as a result of erratic pore diameters of the cleat structure.

Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Coal Beds written by Hirem Narendrakumar Patel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coal Mechanics written by Yuanping Cheng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the mechanical properties and permeability of coal, and the gas flow in coal seams. Based on coal permeability models, it establishes different models for coal seam gas, from the linear flow model to the gas–solid coupling flow model. It also provides the theoretical basis for the exploitation and safe production of coal as well as coal seam gas resources. As such, it is a valuable reference for researchers, advanced students and practitioners working in mining engineering and coalbed methane engineering.

Download or read book New Insights in Stability Structure and Properties of Porous Materials written by Annalisa Martucci and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "New Insights in Stability, Structure and Properties of Porous Materials" that was published in Minerals

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cementitious Construction Materials written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cementitious Construction Materials provides an updated, state-of-the-art review on the development of cementitious construction materials based on carbon dioxide storage, which will have a major eco-efficient and economic benefit for the construction industry. Key chapters include methods for the assessment of carbon dioxide absorbed by cementitious materials, air and water-based carbon dioxide storage, carbon dioxide storage modeling, carbonation mechanisms, carbon dioxide storage on recycled aggregates, calcium, sodium and magnesium- based binders, properties and the durability of carbon dioxide based concrete. Promotes the importance of CO2 storage in carbonation of these materials, especially reincorporation of CO2 during fabrication Discusses a wide range of cementitious materials with CO2 storage capabilities Features redesign of cementation mechanisms to utilize CO2 during fabrication

Download or read book Developments and Innovation in Carbon Dioxide CO2 Capture and Storage Technology written by M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) is the one advanced technology that conventional power generation cannot do without. CCS technology reduces the carbon footprint of power plants by capturing, and storing the CO2 emissions from burning fossil-fuels and biomass. This volume provides a comprehensive reference on the state of the art research, development and demonstration of carbon storage and utilisation, covering all the storage options and their environmental impacts. It critically reviews geological, terrestrial and ocean sequestration, including enhanced oil and gas recovery, as well as other advanced concepts such as industrial utilisation, mineral carbonation, biofixation and photocatalytic reduction. Foreword written by Lord Oxburgh, Climate Science Peer Comprehensively examines the different methods of storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the various concepts for utilisation Reviews geological sequestration of CO2, including coverage of reservoir sealing and monitoring and modelling techniques used to verify geological sequestration of CO2

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Download or read book Handbook of Clean Energy Systems 6 Volume Set written by Jinyue Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 4038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.

Download or read book Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization written by Malti Goel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is among the advanced energy technologies suggested to make the conventional fossil fuel sources environmentally sustainable. It is of particular importance to coal-based economies. This book deals at length with the various aspects of carbon dioxide capture, its utilization and takes a closer look at the earth processes in carbon dioxide storage. It discusses potential of Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization as innovative energy technology towards a sustainable energy future. Various techniques of carbon dioxide recovery from power plants by physical, chemical, and biological means as well as challenges and prospects in biomimetic carbon sequestration are described. Carbon fixation potential in coal mines and in saline aquifers is also discussed. Please note: This volume is Co-published with The Energy and Resources Institute Press, New Delhi. Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

Download or read book High pressure physical behavior of minerals and rocks Mineralogy petrology and geochemistry written by Lidong Dai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-08 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide written by Luigi Marini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contents of this monograph are two-scope. First, it intends to provide a synthetic but complete account of the thermodynamic and kinetic foundations on which the reaction path modeling of geological CO2 sequestration is based. In particular, a great effort is devoted to review the thermodynamic properties of CO2 and of the CO2-H2O system and the interactions in the aqueous solution, the thermodynamic stability of solid product phases (by means of several stability plots and activity plots), the volumes of carbonation reactions, and especially the kinetics of dissolution/precipitation reactions of silicates, oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. Second, it intends to show the reader how reaction path modeling of geological CO2 sequestration is carried out. To this purpose the well-known high-quality EQ3/6 software package is used. Setting up of computer simulations and obtained results are described in detail and used EQ3/6 input files are given to guide the reader step-by-step from the beginning to the end of these exercises. Finally, some examples of reaction-path- and reaction-transport-modeling taken from the available literature are presented. The results of these simulations are of fundamental importance to evaluate the amounts of potentially sequestered CO2, and their evolution with time, as well as the time changes of all the other relevant geochemical parameters (e.g., amounts of solid reactants and products, composition of the aqueous phase, pH, redox potential, effects on aquifer porosity). In other words, in this way we are able to predict what occurs when CO2 is injected into a deep aquifer. * Provides applications for investigating and predicting geological carbon dioxide sequestration * Reviews the geochemical literature in the field * Discusses the importance of geochemists in the multidisciplinary study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration