Download or read book An Indication from Satellite Measurements of Atmospheric C02 Variability written by Carlos Manquero and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Indication from Satellite Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 Variability written by Carlos Manquero and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SIRS-A satellite radiance measurements and correlated radiosonde temperature and dew point temperature profiles were used to determine the variability of atmospheric CO2 for different altitudes, by asymptotic solution of the Ladenberg-Reiche equation. The 17 different sets of data used in these calculations were characterized by clear weather conditions and low water vapor content. Transmittances used in the retrieval were corrected using the measured temperature and dew point temperature profiles. The results indicate that the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio varies temporally and spatially by 10% or more. The derived CO2 profiles over the central United States are distinctly different from those determined for the South Pacific region.
Download or read book Lamto written by Luc Abbadie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing 40 years of ongoing ecological research, this book examines the structure, function, and dynamics of the Lamto humid savanna. From the history of the Lamto ecology station, to an overview of enivronmental conditions of the site, and examining the integrative view of energy and nutrient fluxes relative to the dynamics of the region's vegetation, this exacting work is as unique and treasured as Lamto itself.
Download or read book Modeling the variability in measured atmospheric CO2 data written by S. Surendran and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Download or read book Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-01-07 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overall increase in global-mean atmospheric temperatures is predicted to occur in response to human-induced increases in atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping "greenhouse gases." The most prominent of these gases, carbon dioxide, has increased in concentration by over 30% during the past 200 years, and is expected to continue to increase well into the future. Other changes in atmospheric composition complicate the picture. In particular, increases in the number of small particles (called aerosols) in the atmosphere regionally offset and mask the greenhouse effect, and stratospheric ozone depletion contributes to cooling of the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Many in the scientific community believe that a distinctive greenhouse-warming signature is evident in surface temperature data for the past few decades. Some, however, are puzzled by the fact that satellite temperature measurements indicate little, if any, warming of the lower to mid-troposphere (the layer extending from the surface up to about 8 km) since such satellite observations first became operational in 1979. The satellite measurements appear to be substantiated by independent trend estimates for this period based on radiosonde data. Some have interpreted this apparent discrepancy between surface and upper air observations as casting doubt on the overall reliability of the surface temperature record, whereas others have concluded that the satellite data (or the algorithms that are being used to convert them into temperatures) must be erroneous. It is also conceivable that temperatures at the earth's surface and aloft have not tracked each other perfectly because they have responded differently to natural and/or human-induced climate forcing during this particular 20-year period. Whether these differing temperature trends can be reconciled has implications for assessing: how much the earth has warmed during the past few decades, whether observed changes are in accord with the predicted response to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on model simulations, and whether the existing atmospheric observing system is adequate for the purposes of monitoring global-mean temperature. This report reassesses the apparent differences between the temperature changes recorded by satellites and the surface thermometer network on the basis of the latest available information. It also offers an informed opinion as to how the different temperature records should be interpreted, and recommends actions designed to reduce the remaining uncertainties in these measurements.
Download or read book Spatial Modeling of the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in the Contiguous USA written by Muhammad Salaha Uddin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) from different sources are important in the current climate change debate, and their measuring is also essential for the formulation and evaluation of public policies. However, emissions of CO2 are not usually observed and instead of estimated from the activity and repurposed data. In the cyclical biogeochemical process of carbon dioxide, the sectoral net emissions (i.e., industrial, transportation, residential, commercial) are not identifiable and directly observable. In this respect, this study explored the direct statistical relationships among the spatial variability of observed atmospheric CO2 concentration, the reported industrial emissions, and other hypothesized factors. Methodologically, this study presents a statistical approach for understanding the effect magnitudes of the industrial emissions and other hypothesized factors on the atmospheric CO2 concentration using observed spatial data. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is a measurable and well-mixed media of all emissions. There are anthropogenic and natural sources of emissions from where CO2 emits to the atmosphere. The emitted CO2 from different sectors interacts with the sinks and finally settles as atmospheric CO2 concentration. Therefore, the magnitude and intensity of the sectoral net emissions and concentration of atmospheric CO2 vary over space. This study considers this resultant spatial variability of the atmospheric CO2 and emitted sectoral emissions over the space to determine the effects of emissions and other hypothesized factors on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. For this purpose, this study developed a framework for analyzing each identified anthropogenic factor that includes specific databases and statistical methods. This study developed a methodological approach to study CO2 emissions using observed hypothesized factors and the atmospheric phenomenon of column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO2). The study statistically established that industrial locations and emissions play a significant role in the spatial variation of XCO2 in the CONUS regardless of the direct emissions from other anthropogenic sources and the counties' urban and rural nature. The study found that taking account of the sources and sinks' spatial variability is an effective way of estimating sectoral emissions' marginal effects. In this way, it is possible to find the marginal emission effects of industrial emissions at the USA's county-level using existing databases. This marginal effect estimation approach ensures industrial emissions' geographic visualization in terms of the observed atmospheric phenomenon rather than unobserved emission amounts.
Download or read book The Variability of Atmospheric CO2 written by Carlos Manquero and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Atmospheric CO2 Variations on Satellite sounded Temperatures written by Rufus E. Bruce and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis was made of the Satellite Temperature Sounding Technique to determine the extent of temperature errors arising from possible atmospheric CO2 variations. These possible errors are compared to probable ozone-caused errors and to errors resulting from the radiometer uncertainties.
Download or read book Temporal Variability of Atmospheric Oxygen from Both Continuous Measurements and a Flask Sampling Network written by Andrew C. Manning and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterising the Temporal Variability of the Global Carbon Cycle written by I. G. Enting and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement and Quantification of CO2 from Space written by Rhian Llinos Evans and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite retrievals are used to observe the distribution of CO2 in the troposphere and to determine if the net surface fluxes in the lower troposphere can be calculated through combining normalised column CO2 data. Satellites used are the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Scanning Imaging Absorption spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), which are sensitive to the upper and lower troposphere respectively. Annual variations in CO2 concentrations are small in the upper troposphere producing seasonal cycle amplitudes between 1.1 and 7.7 ppmv, lower tropospheric seasonal cycles are much greater with amplitudes ranging from 6.7 and 22.6 ppmv. Subtracting the CO2 column data (SCIAMACHY - AIRS), the residual variability reflects in part the surface CO2 variations. Comparisons are made with fractional green vegetation (FGV), the agreement between the data is very good, producing correlation values up to 0.96. SCIAMACHY column data also produced good agreement with the FGV data, suggesting that the subtracted data can measure the net surface fluxes, it is unclear whether the subtracted data represents the net surface fluxes better or worse than the SCIAMACHY data, further investigations are proposed. Numerical Atmospheric Dispersion Model (NAME) is used to calculate the origin of tropospheric over different vegetation types. Results showed that lower tropospheric data originated from the surface beneath, upper tropospheric data emanated from multiple areas, indicating that the CO2 in the upper troposphere is well mixed.
Download or read book Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether the earth's climate is changing in some significant human-induced way remains a matter of much debate. But the fact that climate is variable over time is well known. These two elements of climatic uncertainty affect water resources planning and management in the American West. Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty examines the scientific basis for predictions of climate change, the implications of climate uncertainty for water resources management, and the management options available for responding to climate variability and potential climate change.
Download or read book I Retrieval of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from High resolution Spectra II Interannual Variability of the Stratospheric Quasi biennual Oscillation written by Le Kuai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is devoted to an understanding of climate changes in the troposphere and the stratosphere from different aspects. In the troposphere, projecting future climate depends on our understanding of the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial ecosystems. To understand the carbon cycle, it is important to estimate the sources and sinks of CO2. The so-called inverse approach has been widely used to retrieve the abundances of atmospheric species, such as CO2, from global surface networks and subsequently estimate their surface fluxes and variability. Understanding of the global distribution and temporal variability of atmospheric CO2 thus helps constrain the surface carbon sources and sinks. In the stratosphere, the equatorial quansi-biennual oscillation (QBO) affects the polar stratosphere during winter, with the easterly phase of the QBO creating the condition for a more perturbed and warmer polar vortex. Therefore, the variation of the QBO period has additional significance, especially with respect to the timing of its phase relative to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The study of the interannual variability of the QBO improves our understanding of the climate system. In this thesis, a retrieval algorithm is developed to estimate both CO2 column abundance and its profile using radiances in the near-infrared region. In addition, the interannual variability of QBO is explored by studying both observation data and the modeled results. The thesis includes two parts. Part I (chapters 1 and 2) is a summary of the work about the CO2 retrievals. Part II (chapters 3 and 4) is devoted to the stratospheric dynamics.
Download or read book The Carbon Cycle written by T. M. L. Wigley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is imperative to stabilizing our future climate. Our ability to reduce these emissions combined with an understanding of how much fossil-fuel-derived CO2 the oceans and plants can absorb is central to mitigating climate change. In The Carbon Cycle, leading scientists examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed in the past and how this may affect the concentrations in the future. They look at the carbon budget and the "missing sink" for carbon dioxide. They offer approaches to modeling the carbon cycle, providing mathematical tools for predicting future levels of carbon dioxide. This comprehensive text incorporates findings from the recent IPCC reports. New insights, and a convergence of ideas and views across several disciplines make this book an important contribution to the global change literature.
Download or read book Variations and Sources of Atmospheric CO2 Measured at East Trout Lake Canada written by Myung Gwang Kim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing uncertainties in projections of surface emissions of major greenhouse gases (GHGs) including CO2 relies on continuously improving our scientific understanding of the exchange processes between the atmosphere and land at regional scales. In order to enhance our understanding in emission processes and atmospheric transports, an integrated framework that addresses individual natural and anthropogenic factors in a complementary way proves to be invaluable. This study presents an example of top-down inverse modeling that utilizes high precision measurement data collected at a Canadian greenhouse gas monitoring site. The measurements include multiple tracers encompassing standard greenhouse gas species, stable isotopes of CO2, and combustion-related species. The potential for the proposed analysis framework is demonstrated using Stochastic Time- Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model runs to yield a unique regional-scale constraint that can be used to relate the observed changes of tracer concentrations to the processes in their upwind source regions. The uncertainties in emission estimates are assessed using different transport fields and background concentrations coupled with the STILT model. Also, methods to further reduce uncertainties in the retrieved emissions by incorporating additional constraints including tracer-to- tracer correlations and satellite measurements are briefly discussed. The inversion approach both reproduces source areas in a spatially explicit way through sophisticated Lagrangian transport modeling and infers emission processes that leave imprints on atmospheric tracers. The results indicate that the changes in greenhouse gas concentration are strongly influenced by regional sources, including significant contributions from fossil fuel emissions, and that the integrated approach can be used for regulatory regimes to verify reported emissions of the greenhouse gas from oilsands developments.
Download or read book Climate Change written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
