Download or read book An Experimental Study of Carbon Dioxide Dissolution Into a Light Crude Oil written by Fengshuang Du and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolution into a heavy oil has been extensively investigated as an effective solvent-based enhanced heavy oil recovery method for several decades. However, fewer attempts have been made to study CO2 dissolution into a light crude oil mainly because of possible occurrence of density-driven natural convection in the CO2- saturated light crude oil phase. The primary objective of this thesis is to experimentally study the phase behaviour of a Bakken light crude oil-CO2 system and the complex mass-transfer process of CO2 dissolution into the light crude oil. First, a series of PVT tests were conducted to measure CO2 solubilities in the light crude oil, oil-swelling factors, and CO2-saturated light crude oil densities at different equilibrium pressures and the actual reservoir temperature of Tres = 56.0°C. Second, the onset pressure of the initial quick light-hydrocarbons (HCs) extraction was determined by applying the axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) technique. Third, five comprehensive CO2 diffusion tests in the light crude oil were performed at five different initial test pressures (Pi = 4.1, 5.2, 6.3, 7.7, and 9.0 MPa) and Tres = 56.0°C by applying the pressure decay method (PDM). Two CO2 diffusion tests were repeated and conducted at Pi = 6.2 and 7.9 MPa to determine the experimental repeatabilities. Fourth, three gas samples in the diffusion cell were collected at three different CO2 diffusion times (t = 8 min, 1 and 24 h; t = 20 min, 1 and 24 h) in two CO2 diffusion tests (Pi = 5.2 and 7.7 MPa), respectively. Then the so-called graphical method was applied to analyze the measured pressure versus time data and determine the CO2 diffusivities in the light crude oil under different initial test pressures. The equilibrium pressures required in the graphical method were predicted from the measured CO2 solubilities and oil-swelling factors, as well as the predicted HCs extraction by using the Peng-Robinson equation of state (P-R EOS). Finally, the pressure history matching (PHM) method was also employed to determine the CO2 effective diffusivity in a short period of each diffusion test, in comparison with the graphical method. The experimental results show that CO2 solubility in the crude oil was increased from 1.301 to 8.101 kmole/m3 in the pressure range of 2.46-10.20 MPa. A quicker increase in CO2 solubility was found at a higher test pressure. The swelling factor of the light crude oil was increased from 1.05 to 1.62 in the pressure range of 2.01-9.29 MPa. The measured density of CO2-saturated light crude oil was increased with the equilibrium pressure or CO2 concentration in the range of 2.01-9.29 MPa or 1.150-7.079 kmole/m3. The onset pressure of the initial quick light-HCs extraction was determined to be 5.1 MPa. It was found from the five diffusion tests that there were three distinct periods of CO2 dissolution into the light crude oil: the natural convection-dominated period (Period I), the transition period, and the molecular diffusion-dominated period (Period II). The determined CO2 effective diffusivities (Deff) in Period I and CO2 molecular diffusivities (D) in Period II from the graphical method were in the ranges of 0.28-1.75×106 m2/s and 0.87-1.94×109 m2/s at the initial test pressures of Pi = 4.1-9.0 MPa, respectively. The CO2 effective diffusivity (Deff) was much reduced once CO2 reached the supercritical state because of possible formation of the CO2-enriched second liquid phase. However, the CO2 molecular diffusivity (D) was almost independent of the initial test pressure. A constant Z-factor used in the graphical method may lead to a relatively large error in the determination of Deff or D.
Download or read book Experimental Study of Oil Recovery from Porous Material by Means of Carbon Dioxide Flooding written by Roohollah Partovi-Najafabadi and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Download or read book Emerging Advances in Petrophysics written by Jianchao Cai and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the influence of pore-throat size distribution, pore connectivity, and microscale fractures, the transport, distribution, and residual saturation of fluids in porous media are difficult to characterize. Petrophysical methods in natural porous media have attracted great attention in a variety of fields, especially in the oil and gas industry. A wide range of research studies have been conducted on the characterization of porous media covers and multiphase flow therein. Reliable approaches for characterizing microstructure and multiphase flow in porous media are crucial in many fields, including the characterization of residual water or oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the long-term storage of supercritical CO2 in geological formations. This book gathers together 15 recent works to emphasize fundamental innovations in the field and novel applications of petrophysics in unconventional reservoirs, including experimental studies, numerical modeling (fractal approach), and multiphase flow modeling/simulations. The relevant stakeholders of this book are authorities and service companies working in the petroleum, subsurface water resources, air and water pollution, environmental, and biomaterial sectors.
Download or read book An Experimental Study of CO2 West Sak crude oil Phase Behavior written by Max Kenneth Roper and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Chemistry Capture and Oil Recovery written by Iyad Karamé and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels still need to meet the growing demand of global economic development, yet they are often considered as one of the main sources of the CO2 release in the atmosphere. CO2, which is the primary greenhouse gas (GHG), is periodically exchanged among the land surface, ocean, and atmosphere where various creatures absorb and produce it daily. However, the balanced processes of producing and consuming the CO2 by nature are unfortunately faced by the anthropogenic release of CO2. Decreasing the emissions of these greenhouse gases is becoming more urgent. Therefore, carbon sequestration and storage (CSS) of CO2, its utilization in oil recovery, as well as its conversion into fuels and chemicals emerge as active options and potential strategies to mitigate CO2 emissions and climate change, energy crises, and challenges in the storage of energy.
Download or read book Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Ram B. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-06 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluid extraction is an environmentally safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional organic solvents. Carbon dioxide is widely used as the solvent of choice for applications such as caffeine and nicotine extraction due to its mild critical temperature, nontoxicity, nonflammability, and low cost. Introducing the most complete col
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 29 (thesis year 1984) a total of 12,637 theses titles from 23 Canadian and 202 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 29 reports theses submitted in 1984, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Download or read book Miscible Displacement written by Fred I. Stalkup and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Characterization and Engineering Application of Pores and Fractures of Different Scales in Unconventional Reservoirs Volume II written by Wenlong Ding and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023 written by Jia’en Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.
Download or read book Oil Spill Dispersants written by Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3 million gallons of oil or refined petroleum products are spilled into U.S. waters every year. Oil dispersants (chemical agents such as surfactants, solvents, and other compounds) are used to reduce the effect of oil spills by changing the chemical and physical properties of the oil. By enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water, dispersants can reduce the potential that a surface slick will contaminate shoreline habitats. Although called for in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 as a tool for minimizing the impact of oil spills, the use of chemical dispersants has long been controversial. This book reviews the adequacy of existing information and ongoing research regarding the effectiveness of dispersants as an oil spill response technique, as well as the effect of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. Oil Spill Dispersants also includes recommended steps for policy makers faced with making hard choices regarding the use of dispersants as part of spill contingency planning efforts or during actual spills.
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Download or read book Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.
Download or read book PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids written by Ali Danesh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids is volume 47 in the Developments in Petroleum Science series. The chapters in the book are: Phase Behaviour Fundamentals, PVT Tests and Correlations, Phase Equilibria, Equations of State, Phase Behaviour Calculations, Fluid Characterisation, Gas Injection, Interfacial Tension, and Application in Reservoir Simulation.
