Download or read book An Evaluation of the Three dimensional Deformity of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and the Effects of Surgical Intervention written by Simon Andrew Wemyss-Holden and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Ludvig Vavruch and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Even though it has been known for centuries, treatment of the deformity has focused on correcting only in the frontal plane. In the last decades, the need for three-dimensional assessment regarding scoliosis has been highlighted to better understand the cause and the principles of treating scoliosis. The overall aim of this dissertation is to provide knowledge to assess scoliosis as a three-dimensional problem. The severity of scoliosis is measured with the Cobb angle from standing radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) examinations are used throughout this thesis. The first paper investigates the difference in Cobb angle measured from standing radiographs and supine CT examinations. The standing radiographs had larger Cobb angles with a mean difference of 11° and a linear correlation between the two examinations from 128 consecutive patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) planned for surgery. The second paper compares the axial shape of vertebrae in 20 patients with AIS with a reference group. Clear asymmetry was observed in all vertebrae – superior and inferior end vertebrae as well as the apical vertebra – compared with corresponding vertebrae among the reference group. The asymmetry was most pronounced in the apical vertebra. A novel parameter, frontal vertebral body rotation (FVBR), was introduced to describe the internal rotation of the vertebrae in the axial plane. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a measurement of the position of the sacrum in relation to the femoral heads. This is relevant in scoliosis because PI determines the pelvic configuration acting as a foundation to the spine. PI has traditionally been measured from standing radiographs. The third study investigates PI three-dimensionally, based on low-dose CT examinations, in 37 patients with Lenke type 1 or 5 curves compared with a reference group. A significantly higher PI was observed in patients with Lenke type 5 curves compared with the reference group and patients with Lenke type 1 curves. Severe AIS is treated with corrective surgery. Two approaches are available: the predominant posterior approach and the anterior approach. In the fourth paper, these two approaches are evaluated with regard to three-dimensional correction, how well the correction is maintained over a 2-year follow-up and patient-reported outcome measures. Twenty-seven patients treated with the posterior approach and 26 patients treated with the anterior approach, all with Lenke type 1 curves, were included. Fewer vertebrae were fused in the anterior group, but the posterior group had a better correction of the deformity in the frontal plane. No difference was observed regarding three-dimensional correction and patient-reported outcome measures. AIS is truly a complex three-dimensional deformity. More research is needed to fully comprehend the complexity of the scoliotic spine.
Download or read book Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Peter O. Newton and published by AAOS. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the anatomy, etiology, and natural history of scoliosis - from patient evaluation and an algorithm for treatment to pulmonary function after surgical treatment and the use of instruments to evaluate surgical treatment. This new monograph focuses on the most common form of scoliosis occurring otherwise normal adolescents, affecting spinal alignment, growth, and function.
Download or read book Early Onset Scoliosis written by Colin Nnadi and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to modern treatment in a complex and evolving specialty FIVE STARS from Doody's Star Ratings™ Covering the spectrum of spinal deformity that occurs between birth and 10 years, early onset scoliosis (EOS) is an evolving specialty that faces unique challenges, especially in controlling the progression of the condition while allowing the growth of the developing spine, lungs and thorax. This important book was inspired by the inaugural early onset scoliosis meeting of spine surgeons and other medical professionals in Christ Church, Oxford, UK, in September 2011. It provides a complete picture of the field today, with topics ranging from spinal development and genetics to advances in medical management to breakthrough surgical techniques that offer promising new options for young patients. Special Features Provides practical, evidence-based solutions to managing the full range of congenital, idiopathic, neuromuscular and syndromic conditions that present in early onset scoliosis Describes pioneering surgical procedures, such as non-invasive, magnetically controlled growing rod systems that reduce the number of repetitive surgeries and hospitalizations Explores such complex topics as surgical strategies for sitting comfort and features of optimal heelchair seating Details treatments and outcome measures in diverse, multi-system disorders, such as early onset neuromuscular scoliosis Highlights perioperative care and the vital role of physiotherapy in children with EOS Introduces an EOS questionnaire that establishes validated, patient-reported data for outcome assessment Recognizing the importance of the multidisciplinary team approach in effective management, Early Onset Scoliosis offers the valuable international perspective of many leaders in the field. It is essential for orthopedic and pediatric surgeons, residents and trainees, who will use the book to develop a clear understanding of what EOS is, how it is best treated, and the principles that underlie effective clinical decision-making in these complex cases.
Download or read book Research Into Spinal Deformities 2 written by I. A. F. Stokes and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnosis and Treatment of Spine Deformities in Children at Specialized Centre -- Session 5: Rationalized Design of Individualized Treatment -- Biomechanical Simulations for Planning of Scoliosis Surgery -- Clinical Assessment of AIS -- Determination of Fixation Level of Osteosynthesis System with Knowledge Base -- 3D" Brace Treatment: "3D" Immediate Effect On Thoracic. Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Scoliotic Curves -- Treatment of Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Idiopathic Scoliotic Curves with the Progressive Action Short Brace (P.A.S.B.)Analysis of Results -- 3D Correction of Trunk Deformity in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Cheneau Brace -- Social Effects of Boston Bracing -- Appendix. Clinical Application of 3-D Evaluation of Scoliosis -- Pre-IRSSD meeting Workshops held at Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada, 27 June, 1998. -- Workshop 1: Biomechanical Modelling of Scoliosis: What are the Priorities? -- Workshop 2: Usefulness of Computer Assisted Measurements During Surgery: Should we Continue? -- Workshop 3: Imaging Techniques, which Way to Go: X-Ray, CT Scans, MRI, Surface Topography, Etc.? -- Workshop 4: Aetiology and pattern of spinal deformities: should we continue to study biomechanical and 3D factors? -- Author Index
Download or read book Geometry Growth and Shape of the Normative Pediatric Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae and Ribs and Comparisons with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by James R. Peters and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth of the thoracic and lumbar spines, and rib cage is a complex composite of the growth contributed by each individual vertebra and rib; however, the majority of literature describing growth of these structures report heights and lengths of the spine or volume of the ribcage. Previous pediatric studies focusing on the morphology of individual ribs and vertebrae use inconsistent measurement techniques to collect geometric dimensions from nonhomogeneous samples and few of these studies evaluate growth or possible vertebral level and sex-related differences in the pediatric morphology. Data detailing the normative morphology and growth of the spine and rib cage may provide insights into the progression of spinal deformities like adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). AIS is a complex three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the thoracic and lumbar spines and rib cage involving lateral bending of the spine, axial rotation of the vertebrae, wedging of the vertebral bodies, and malformation of the vertebral structures. Despite the large amount of subject specific variability present in AIS, classification schemes like the Lenke system have been developed to help categorize the scoliotic deformity and provide guidance for surgical interventions. Lenke-types 1, 2, and 5 collectively account for approximately 83 percent of AIS cases requiring surgery. The standard surgical treatment for AIS is mechanical de-rotation of the spine followed by posterior spinal fusion (PSF). In some cases deformity progression has been observed even after PSF suggesting that the vertebrae can continue to grow and develop following spine arthrodesis. New surgical treatments for AIS rely on modulating growth instead of arresting it; however these techniques require knowledge about how mechanical forces impact normative growth. Such investigations can be conducted in silico using finite element (FE) models. FE models of the spine have been used to investigate scoliotic deformity progression as well as correction using surgical constructs. While previous FE models of the spine have simulated axial growth of the vertebral bodies, growth of the posterior elements (pedicles, facets, and major processes) is largely ignored due to a lack of data describing their development. Such limitations need to be addressed if better models of progression and correction are to be created. This thesis provides a thorough analysis of the pediatric thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and rib morphology and growth collected from 3D reconstructions of computed tomography scans of 202 skeletally normal subjects between the ages of 1 and 19 years. This normative data is compared with preoperatively and postoperatively, two years following PSF, obtained 3D spine reconstructions of 36 Lenke-type 1, 2, and 5 subjects to quantitatively assess the deformity in each and evaluate vertebral remodeling following spine arthrodesis. Finally a method is developed to integrate the pediatric growth data for all vertebral structures into a growing FE model which is used to assess the impact of vertebral growth on a simulated PSF construct. In addition to improving FE models of the growing spine, the normative and Lenke-type-specific morphology data presented here can be used to optimize the timing and duration of growth modulating devices and develop novel techniques for the treatment of AIS.
Download or read book International Symposium on 3 D Scoliotic Deformities written by Jean Dansereau and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents technical and scientific developments in the field of scoliotic deformities. It covers the aetiology, the mechanisms of defomity associated with the spine, the rib cage and the overall body shape, as well as the different treatments of scoliosis.
Download or read book Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Peter O. Newton and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2021-11-10 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive practical reference on managing idiopathic scoliosis from world-renowned experts Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Harms Study Group Treatment Guide, Second Edition, edited by Peter O. Newton, Amer F. Samdani, Harry L. Shufflebarger, Randal R. Betz, and Jürgen Harms and written by an impressive group of experts reflects treatment advances made in the last decade. Greater understanding of the etiology and improved 3D anatomy has resulted in significant strides in clinical management of scoliosis. This richly illustrated book presents all facets of evaluation and treatment of abnormal curvature of the spine, supported by a solid foundation of evidence-based data culled from the prestigious Harms Study Group. Divided into four sections and 31 chapters, this one-stop reference encompasses the full spectrum of surgical and nonoperative interventions—from early treatments to modern novel growth modulation techniques. In this second edition, each chapter has been updated and several new ones have been added, reflecting current literature, practice, and expert perspective. Throughout the book, masters share clinical pearls and firsthand knowledge on managing diverse types of adolescent idiopathic spinal deformity, with the common goal of improved patient outcomes. Key Highlights Innovative topics include teamwork and safety in spine surgery, halo traction for large curves, anterior growth modulation, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and kyphosis restoration in scoliosis surgery Surgical chapters follow a consistent layout, encompassing rationales, techniques, and outcomes Postoperative chapters feature discussion of long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes, infections, complications, and rapid post-op recovery A wealth of illustrations enhance the reader's knowledge of specific techniques This comprehensive textbook is essential reading for orthopaedic and neurosurgical residents, fellows, and researchers. Young spine surgeons embarking on their careers and senior surgeons who wish to remain up-to-date on new techniques for treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis will also benefit from this illuminating resource.
Download or read book Development of a Novel Non invasive Digital Clinical Assessment Tool and Its 3D Measurable Parameters for the Orthotic Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Sun Hae Jang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common of the types of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), which has three-dimensional (3D) deformities which occur in the vertebrae, spine and rib cage during the adolescent period. The aetiology is still unknown but it is hypothesized to be multi-factorial. Orthotic treatment is the most commonly used conservative treatment for AIS to prevent curve progression and surgical intervention. Among the three pathological features of AIS, the coronal misalignment pattern is the most studied area because the two-dimensional (2D) coronal PA radiographic image is the most utilized as the primary clinical assessment tool and employed for both diagnosis and outcome measurement of AIS deformities in scoliosis clinics. The sagittal misalignment patterns have been the most unknown area of study. Lack of available comprehensive knowledge about the deformities of AIS in 3D space may leave clinicians to make assumptions in treating AIS. This may influence the success rates of orthotic treatment which have been inconsistent and found to vary considerably. The literature review and the survey project of this thesis also showed that there are not enough universally agreed-upon principles to guide orthotists in the 3D orthotic treatment of AIS, which may also induce significant quality deviations for each scoliosis orthotic device system.
Download or read book Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Masafumi Machida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of current topics in idiopathic scoliosis (IS). A three-dimensional deformity of the spine, the condition is characterized by lateral curvature combined with vertebral rotation. The primary lesion, however, lies in the median sagittal plane, taking the form of a lordosis. Although the clinical manifestations of scoliosis have been well documented, its cause and pathogenesis have not yet been determined. Research into what causes IS has focused on the structural elements of the spine, spinal musculature, collagenous structures, the endocrine system, the central nervous system, and genetics. Results of these studies have brought about a new perception of IS epiphenomena, but the main cause of IS remains unknown. Recently, several investigators have produced new hypotheses regarding the cause of IS using the developing techniques of genetics, biochemistry, and neurology. This book is a review of the various causative factors thus far proposed for IS and an introduction to the directions in which research is heading to determine the primary cause of IS.
Download or read book An In vitro Kinematic Biomechanical Evaluation of Two Surgical Techniques in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Lisa Diane Fazenbaker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study was an in-vitro kinematic biomechanical evaluation of surgical techniques in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The objective was to compare the three-dimensional range of motion (ROM) of the spinal column between Ponte osteotomy and bilateral medial facetectomy. AIS is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that often requires surgical intervention to achieve a balanced, safe, and stable correction. The current destabilization technique involves bilateral medial facetectomy. The difference in the achievable range of motion between facetectomy and Ponte osteotomy has not been quantified previously. Three-dimensional flexibility tests were conducted on ten thoracolumbar bovine specimens in a repeated measures design with [alpha] = 0.05 to determine differences in ROM between facetectomy and Ponte osteotomy. Facetectomy entailed bilateral resection of the inferior articular processes, while Ponte osteotomy involved further resection of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, spinous process, ligamentum flavum, and bilateral resection of the facet joint and capsule at each surgical level. Flexibility tests in axial rotation (AR), flexion-extension (FE), flexion-extension with a 660 N compressive follower load (FEFL), and lateral bending (LB) were performed under [plus or minus]5 Nm of pure moments for five cycles. Three-dimensional kinematic data were captured using a high-speed camera, and the overall range of motion (ROM) was determined in each direction. Compared to the intact state, there was a significantly greater increase in AR ROM after Ponte osteotomy (406% of intact) than after facetectomy (238% of intact). FE trials showed a similar result with a significantly larger increase in ROM after Ponte osteotomy (186% of intact) than after facetectomy (129% of intact). FEFL also yielded a larger increase after Ponte (151% of intact) than after facetectomy (110% of intact). The same was not true of lateral bending, however. In the LB loading condition, the increase in ROM after Ponte osteotomy (117% of intact) was not significantly larger than after facetectomy (113% of intact). The current study showed that, while bilateral medial facetectomy increased ROM in all three directions, Ponte osteotomy produced a significantly greater increase in ROM in flexion-extension and axial rotation over facetectomy when compared to the intact state.
Download or read book Global Biomechanical and Morphological Approach to Understand Perioperative Pain in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Maxime St-Georges and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is described as a three dimensional (3D) deformity of the spine altering its biomechanical properties. AIS patients have a greater risk of developing back pain leading to a reduced quality of life. However, not every patient reports pain nor an improvement of their pain after spinal surgery. Therefore, we set out to study the altered spinal morphology and its impact on pressure distribution across the patients’ feet and their relationship to back pain. Finding an association between 3D morphological alterations, different stance and the presence of pain could prove beneficial in managing patients with painful scoliosis throughout the perioperative period. The first study consisted of 37 AIS patients with a right thoracic curve and 12 healthy participants. Simultaneous standing biplanar 3D radiograph were done rendering a 3D reconstruction of their morphology. Balance was assessed through pressure distribution analyses extracted from sensor insoles. Patients stood on the insoles during their radiograph for simultaneous evaluation of both sets of parameters. We coined this new evaluation: Global Biomechanical and Morphological Assessment (GBMA). A Cartesian plane was also placed on the floor of the radiography cabin and feet were traced upon it for identification of feet location during the assessment. Healthy participants did not undergo radiographic exposure. This assessment was done at one time point only. For the second manuscript, the GBMA evaluated 20 AIS patients that were scheduled to undergo spinal surgery. These patients were followed through 3 time points: preoperative, 6 weeks and 6 months postoperative. In addition to the GBMA, patients were asked to complete self-reported pain questionnaires at every time point.With our first data set, a first manuscript was written with the intent to describe the balance measures taken by the Moticon© insoles during the simultaneous acquisition of standing radiographs for use in the GMBA. We hypothesized that the balance measures would be similar to those previously reported in the literature for AIS patients compared to healthy controls: right and posterior centre of pressure (CoP) shift, greater CoP velocity and trace distance. We created a new visual tool composed of an overlay of the SterEOS aerial diagram and the plantar pressure distribution representing the effect of the spinal morphology on the plantar pressure. The insoles showed that both the scoliotic and non-scoliotic cohorts had distinct plantar pressure distributions. They also gave comparable results to force plate literature thus supporting the concept of the GBMA.The second set of data generated a second manuscript, with the objective to evaluate with the GBMA, the effect of spinal morphological changes on static standing balance through the perioperative period while also exploring their association to patients’ pain. We hypothesized that surgery would reduce CoP velocity and trace length, and create a more equilibrated pressure distribution postoperatively thus reducing the severity of the pain felt 6 months after surgery. Our result showed that the change in spinal morphology did not affect significantly the mean balance variables after surgery. The thoracic curve severity was associated with localized pain intensity. Interestingly, the overall pain severity diminished in most regions of the back after surgery. The proportion of patients reporting back pain was reduced significantly 6 months after surgery. However, patients with a greater difference between their residual lumbar and thoracic curves 6 weeks after surgery reported a greater intensity of pain, and residual thoracic deformity was associated with a greater intensity of pain 6 months after surgery.These results show promise and should prompt further evaluation of the GBMA as a prospective tool to identify predictors of pain, before its potential integration into clinical practice"--
Download or read book The Use of Motion Analysis Technology as an Alternative Means of Assessing Spinal Deformity in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Matthew John Solomito and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surgical Management of Spinal Deformities written by Thomas J. Errico, MD and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-11-11 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A who's who in this challenging field brings you state-of-the-art approaches to the full range of surgical management options-including reconstructive procedures-for the pediatric and adult patient with spinal deformity. Experts discuss the course of treatment for patients in different age groups and take into consideration the extent of the curve at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up, the patient's stage of bone growth, the amount of pain and deformity associated with the condition, and the patient's willingness and ability to withstand surgery. Plus, a section on general information such as practical surgical anatomy, imaging, applied biomechanics, and instrumentation helps you approach each patient more effectively. Emphasizes technical skills and surgical decision making, including pearls, pitfalls, and illustrative case studies, offering you expert advice on technically challenging surgeries. Provides the very latest information on minimally invasive endoscopic and mini-open approaches to broaden your surgical options and minimize post-operative complications. Discusses peri-operative considerations, including anesthesia, blood loss management, bone graft and fusion enhancement, neural monitoring, and complications, keeping you prepared for any event. Presents full-color line artwork of surgical procedures as well as diagnostic and clinical photographs for superb visual guidance. Offers a consistent format throughout and a full-color design for ease of reference.
Download or read book Schroth s Textbook of Scoliosis and Other Spinal Deformities written by Marc Moramarco and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patients and families coping with scoliosis and other spinal deformities are increasingly seeking better solutions for care and management. The recent worldwide expansion of the Schroth method, an exercise rehabilitation treatment originating in Germany, and its new advancements in compatible bracing have led to the need for an overview of evidence-based treatment principles. This comprehensive textbook is the first of its kind from the Schroth Best Practice Academy, an international group of highly esteemed and experienced scoliosis practitioners and researchers. A collaborative body of work, it focuses on the most common spinal deformities and provides current methods of non-surgical treatment. It highlights cutting-edge treatment options often disregarded by mainstream medicine, and will serve to guide and enhance the knowledge of conservative treatment practitioners desiring to help patients improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.
Download or read book Sagittal Balance of the Spine written by Pierre Roussouly and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2019-07-25 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique resource from internationally renowned experts details the key role of sagittal spine balance Through evolution, human verticality became associated with a wide range of normal pelvic shapes and associated pelvic incidence angles (PIs). While all types of sagittal alignment generally provide adequate support to young adults, age, stress, and related degeneration can progressively lead to sagittal imbalance and contribute to various spinal pathologies. Sagittal Balance of the Spine by Pierre Roussouly, João Luiz Pinheiro-Franco, Hubert Labelle, Martin Gehrchen, and a cadre of esteemed international contributors focuses on the importance of sagittal alignment and spino-pelvic shape identification in clinical practice. Offering the most comprehensive text on sagittal balance to date, this state-of-the-art, richly illustrated book fills a void in the literature, offering clinical pearls throughout seven sections and 24 chapters. Key Highlights The biomechanics of sagittal balance including spine modeling, primary parameters, spinal curves segmentation, and lumbar lordosis classification The role of sagittal balance in low back pain and degeneration, with discussion of spinal orientation and the contact forces theory, spinal degeneration associated with spinopelvic morphotypes, and compensatory mechanisms Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between sagittal imbalance and isthmic lysis spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, Scheuermann's kyphosis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and adult scoliosis Posterior and anterior treatment approaches – from spinal fixation and spinal fusion – to spinal osteotomy techniques and management of surgical failure This text is essential reading for every neurosurgical and orthopaedic resident, as well as veteran surgeons who evaluate and treat patients with spine conditions. Clinicians will learn why incorporating sagittal balance evaluations into spinal exams is integral to devising more effective treatment strategies and achieving improved outcomes.
Download or read book The Milwaukee Brace written by Walter Putnam Blount and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
