Download or read book An Assessment of Environmental Pollution and Source of Pollution in Baghdad Iraq written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addressed the environmental pollution in all the environmental elements (water, soil and air) in the largest city and the capital of Iraq (Baghdad). Twenty samples from Tigris River were collected within the borders of Baghdad and analyzed for elemental concentrations and lability. Results showed that Tigris River in Baghdad is not highly polluted with regards to the heavy metals, but, most of the metals are found in the labile fractions. Selected potentially toxic elements PTEs (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in thirty eight agricultural land and playground soils were assessed for total concentration and for their potential risk to human (adults and children) using two surrogate biological fluids (SBFs) (Macrophage vacuole (MS), and gastric (GS) solutions). Results showed that the exposure to PTEs from Baghdad soils possess non cancer risk to both children and adults. 24-hour atmospheric PM2.5 integrated samples collected based on 1-in-6 sampling protocol were analyzed for the major chemical components, and biological activities (ROS production and gene expression). Results showed that PM2.5 was higher than the WHO recommended value which dominated by carbonaceous aerosols, crustal materials and sulfate. Chemical mass balance (CMB) model showed that the major sources of PM2.5 are gasoline and diesel, and that attributed to the extensive use of the electricity generators powered by gasoline and diesel due to lack of power. The water soluble reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from the PM2.5 showed moderate correlation with the water soluble organic carbon from biomass burning (WSOC-BB); while total ROS production had good correlation with Levoglucosan, crustal materials, and some elements (such as V and Ni); these chemical species showed implication in the expression of Ccl2, Ccl4, Ccl7, Cxcl1, Il1b, Il16, and Tnf gene. Nqo1 and Hmox1 genes were associated with organic compounds when they correlate with metals (e.g. Pb).
Download or read book Assessment of Environmental hot Spots in Iraq written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2005 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document is a report of the results of a project managed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to assess contaminated sites in Iraq. The work was carried out over the period January 2004 to July 2005 in Iraq, with support activities in Jordan, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The project was managed by the UNEP Post-Conflict Branch, based in Geneva. The project was overseen by the United Nations Development Group for Iraq in its role of coordinator for the entire UN development programme within Iraq. The Iraqi Government partner was the Ministry of the Environment (MoEn). The project covers contaminated land issues at the national level and also for five individual sites selected for priority assessment."--P. 16.
Download or read book Desk Study on the Environment in Iraq written by United Nations Environment Programme and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on the state of Iraq's environment following decades of armed conflict, economic sanctions and the absence of environmental management principles in national planning. It highlights options to tackle the environmental threats to human health from disrupted or contaminated water supplies, inadequate sanitation and waste systems, as well as for wider responses to address longer-term environmental risks. At present, following the conflict in March/April 2003, restoring law and order is a key priority for dealing effectively with humanitarian and environmental problems.
Download or read book Assessment of Environmental Hotspots in Iraq written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-02-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In July 2004, the UN Environment Programme was awarded a project for Strengthening environmental governance in Iraq through environmental assessment & capacity buildingÓ. One of the major elements of the project was to assess contaminated sites in Iraq, in partnership with Iraq's Ministry of the Environ. This report contains the findings of this project. Contents: the environmental site assessment project; country context; capacity building activities; site identification & screening; site assessment activities; Al Qadissiya results & recommendations; Al Suwaira results & recommendations; Khan Dhari results & recommendations; Al Mishraq results & recommendations; Ouireej results & recommendations; & conclusions. Illustrations.
Download or read book Environmental Pollution in Iraq written by Jehan Baban and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Burn Pits in Iraq and Afghanistan written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many veterans returning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have health problems they believe are related to their exposure to the smoke from the burning of waste in open-air "burn pits" on military bases. Particular controversy surrounds the burn pit used to dispose of solid waste at Joint Base Balad in Iraq, which burned up to 200 tons of waste per day in 2007. The Department of Veterans Affairs asked the IOM to form a committee to determine the long-term health effects from exposure to these burn pits. Insufficient evidence prevented the IOM committee from developing firm conclusions. This report, therefore, recommends that, along with more efficient data-gathering methods, a study be conducted that would evaluate the health status of service members from their time of deployment over many years to determine their incidence of chronic diseases.
Download or read book Basra is Thirsty written by Belkis Wille and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For almost 30 years, including during the period of occupation by the US- and UK-led Coalition Provisional Authority, authorities in Iraq have failed to provide Basra's 4 million residents with safe drinking water. The water crisis came to a head in 2018, when at least 118,000 people were hospitalized with rashes, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea because of contamination of the water in the Shatt al-Arab, the river Basra sits on. A severe water shortage from upstream has led to seawater incurring into the Shatt al-Arab so that farmers have had to irrigate their land with salt water - losing most of their produce over the last decade. This continuing water crisis is a result of a complex combination of factors including mismanagement of upstream flows leading to too little water coming to Basra; pollution in Basra and further upstream, including raw sewage, garbage, oil spills, and industrial and agricultural waste; damming by neighboring Iran and Turkey; and climate change. Corruption, including by local authorities, has also led to illegal use of precious freshwater resources. Since last summer the government has refused to make public any of its investigations into why the water poisoned people. Nor has it announced any significant measures to improve the quality of water in Basra in coming years. Iraqi authorities have an obligation to secure Basrawis' right to use their land and to safe drinking water and to inform the public when water sources are unsafe. Where authorities have violated these rights, they should ensure that people can access an effective remedy against those responsible"--Page 4 of cover
Download or read book Outdoor Air Pollution written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC Monographs on the Evaluat. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans, which met in Lyon, 8-15 October 2013."
Download or read book Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 3.7 million U.S. service members have participated in operations taking place in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations since 1990. These operations include the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War, a post-war stabilization period spanning 1992 through September 2001, and the campaigns undertaken in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks. Deployment to Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Afghanistan exposed service members to a number of airborne hazards, including oil-well fire smoke, emissions from open burn pits, dust and sand suspended in the air, and exhaust from diesel vehicles. The effects of these were compounded by stressors like excessive heat and noise that are inevitable attributes of service in a combat environment. Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations reviews the scientific evidence regarding respiratory health outcomes in veterans of the Southwest Asia conflicts and identifies research that could feasibly be conducted to address outstanding questions and generate answers, newly emerging technologies that could aid in these efforts, and organizations that the Veterans Administration might partner with to accomplish this work.
Download or read book Irrigation in the Middle East Region in Figures written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by FAO Water Reports. This book was released on 2009 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This AQUASTAT report presents the most recent information available on water availability and its use in the 18 countries and territories in the Middle East region, with an emphasis on agricultural water use and management. It contains the relevant tables and maps, and a regional synopsis emphasizing the subregional characteristics of this large and diverse region. It also analyses the changes that have occurred since the first survey in 1997. Finally it gives a more detailed description of four transboundary river basins in the region, highlighting the different levels of cooperation and the agreements between countries located in the same river basin: the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin, the Kura-Araks River Basin, the Asi-Orontes River Basin and the Jordan River Basin.
Download or read book Automotive Air Pollution written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.
Download or read book Health of People Health of Planet and Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.
Download or read book Soil and Groundwater Pollution written by Sheryl McMillan and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and groundwater are two resources of paramount importance to all living organisms. Due to the increasing levels of pollution worldwide, soil and groundwater have also been adversely affected. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of soil and groundwater pollution. Assessment of risks from water, soil and air pollution, effective and viable remedies, waste disposal strategies, techniques and methods for protection of soil and groundwater, etc., are some of the areas that have been discussed in the text. Comprising of detailed analyses and data, this book will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in the study of environment at various levels.
Download or read book The Burn Pits written by Joseph Hickman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “There’s a whole chapter on my son Beau… He was co-located [twice] near these burn pits.” –Joe Biden, former Vice President of the United States of America The Agent Orange of the 21st Century… Thousands of American soldiers are returning from the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan with severe wounds from chemical war. They are not the victims of ruthless enemy warfare, but of their own military commanders. These soldiers, afflicted with rare cancers and respiratory diseases, were sickened from the smoke and ash swirling out of the “burn pits” where military contractors incinerated mountains of trash, including old stockpiles of mustard and sarin gas, medical waste, and other toxic material. This shocking work, now for the first time in paperback, includes: Illustration of the devastation in one soldier’s intimate story A plea for help Connection between the burn pits and Major Biden’s unfortunate suffering and death The burn pits’ effects on native citizens of Iraq: mothers, fathers, and children Denial from the Department of Defense and others Warning signs that were ignored and much more Based on thousands of government documents, over five hundred in-depth medical case studies, and interviews with more than one thousand veterans and active-duty GIs, The Burn Pits will shock the nation. The book is more than an explosive work of investigative journalism—it is the deeply moving chronicle of the many young men and women who signed up to serve their country in the wake of 9/11, only to return home permanently damaged, the victims of their own armed forces’ criminal negligence.
Download or read book Water Quality Indices written by Tabassum Abbasi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-10 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers water quality indices (WQI) in depth – it describes what purpose they serve, how they are generated, what are their strengths and weaknesses, and how to make the best use of them. It is a concise and unique guide to WQIs for chemists, chemical/environmental engineers and government officials. Whereas it is easy to express the quantity of water, it is very difficult to express its quality because a large number of variables determine the water quality. WQIs seek to resolve the difficulty by translating a set of a large number of variables to a one-digit or a two-digit numeral. They are essential in communicating the status of different water resources in terms of water quality and the impact of various factors on it to policy makers, service personnel, and the lay public. Further they are exceedingly useful in the monitoring and management of water quality. With the importance of water and water quality increasing exponentially, the importance of this topic is also set to increase enormously because only with the use of indices is it possible to assess, express, communicate, and monitor the overall quality of any water source. Provides a concise guide to WQIs: their purpose and generation Compares existing methods and WQIs and outlines strengths and weaknesses Makes recommendations on how the indices should be used and under what circumstances they apply
Download or read book The Impact of Air Pollution on Health Economy Environment and Agricultural Sources written by Mohamed Khallaf and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
