Download or read book An Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Military Aviation Fuel Systems written by Harold W. Graef and published by . This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military aviation fuel systems can be an ideal environment for microorganisms. Microbial growth in hydrocarbon fuel systems arises because of the impracticality of keeping fuel tanks sterile and the inevitable presence of water from condensation. Microbial contaminants in aviation fuel systems are a concern because of their potential to degrade the fuel, accelerate tank corrosion, and threaten flight safety. This research addresses the concern of using more environmentally friendly Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (FSII), which are also biocidal. Are significant levels of microorganisms growing in military aviation fuel systems, and if so, are there any common variables? Forty aviation fuel samples were collected from fuel storage tanks (including flexible expeditionary fuel bladders), refueling trucks, and aircraft from 12 U,S, military bases. Samples were analyzed using peak naming and pattern recognition algorithms of sample extracts processed on a gas chromatograph. Significant levels of microorganisms were found in military aviation fuel systems 90% (36 of 40) of fuel samples produced microbial growth. Over 40% of the serial dilutions that produced microbial growth were characterized as moderately or heavily contaminated samples. The microorganisms isolated were overwhelmingly Gram negative, anaerobic, bacilli with populations varying by orders of magnitude.
Download or read book Microbial Contamination of Usaf Jp 4 Fuels written by Viola H. Finefrock and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biospecialties Branch, MRMPB, 6570 Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, initiated a research effort to support and supplement the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division program concerned with the relationship of microbial contamination to deleterious changes in JP-4 fuel systems. Results of this program have shown the following: the majority of JP-4 fuel systems contain low levels of viable microorganisms; microorganisms are primarily associated with the water phase and rarely with the fuel phase of a JP-4 fuel/water system; JP-fuels exert a toxic effect on viable microbial cells; and microbial corrosion of aluminum alloys 7075 2024, and 7178 can occur in the laboratory but does not appear to be the major cause of corrosion in operational systems. Twenty percent ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) in a laboratory JP-4 fuel/water-bottom acts as an inhibitor to the majority of viable cells present. As a result of engineering design, it is possible that fuel capacitance probes can cease to operate as a result of microbial growth. Micronic filter materials of phenolformaldehyde impregnated paper can support the growth of microorganisms, but growth even after 43 days is insufficient to cause filter clogging, provided the filter is immersed in fuel. In addition, field surveys of JP-4 fuel handling facilities and aircraft have shown that improved housekeeping and the use of EGME have reduced the quantity of microbial contaminants initially found in the jet systems to an insignificant level.
Download or read book The Effect of Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether DiEGME on Microbial Contamination of Jet Fuel A Minimum Concentration Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME) is widely used in military aircraft to inhibit both fuel system icing and microbial growth. However, due to the cost of this additive and its deleterious effects of the additive, a study is being conducted to determine if it is possible to reduce the concentration of DiEGME in military aircraft fuel. The study presented here was conducted to support the larger study investigating the possible impact of lowering the DiEGME level from ~0.05-0.15% to ~0.00-0.05% by volume in the fuel phase. The study presented here was confined to the impact upon the biocidal/biostatic properties of the additive. This study suggests that a minimum of ~0.01-0.02% DiEGME is needed to retain biocidal/biostatic effectiveness.
Download or read book A Study of Existing Base Fuel Handling Procedures in Relation to Microbial Contamination written by Robert K. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of the JP-4 fuel handling facilities and procedures at three Air Force bases has indicated no serious contamination, microbial or otherwise. The water bottoms throughout the fuel systems were either sterile or contained very few microorganisms, with appreciable counts observed only on a single sample from each base. The general housekeeping and observance of prescribed fuel handling procedures appeared adequate. Experimental studies were made of microbial growth in 4000-gallon tanks and in 15-gallon drums, in which JP-4 fuel was stored over dilute sea water with varying proportions of glycerin and methoxyethanol, inoculated with selected microorganisms. Effective inhibition of growth was observed in water bottoms containing 20% methoxyethanol, and some inhibition with 10% methoxyethanol; lower concentrations allowed vigorous growth. It was found that the addition of 20% methoxyethanol effectively sterilized the contents of a tank in which growth was already established.
Download or read book Microbial Activity in Air Force Jet Fuel Systems written by Sheldon A. London and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malfunctions and changes occurring in JP-4 fuel systems have been attributed to the presence of microorganisms. The known capability of microbial entities to utilize hydrocarbon products as a carbon source has been considered as a priori evidence of a direct cause-effect relationship in the deterioration of jet fuel systems. The direct implication of microbes in the deterioration of Air Force jet fuel systems has not been proved unequivocally. The U.S. Air Force, as well as the Navy and Army, have instituted research programs to determine the specific changes caused by bacterial and fungal growth in JP-4 and the contributory factors which promote or retard their activities. The presence of contaminating microbes was shown to occur only in association with free water. Microbial corrosion of various aluminum alloys has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but poor reproducibility attests to the lack of understanding of this phenomenon. The efficacy of the anti-icing additive, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME), as a microbial inhibitor has been well documented. Although a low level of viable microorganisms continues to be observed in Air Force fuel systems, the application of good housekeeping and the effect of EGME appear to have controlled their activity.
Download or read book Microbiological Evaluation of Aviation Fuel Storage Dispensing and Aircraft Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent unconfirmed reports of problems in refueling systems induced by microbial activity prompted an investigation of refueling facilities at four Air Force bases. The distribution and servicing systems and aircraft surveyed were remarkably free of water, only 26 of 66 attempts to obtain water being successful. Those samples in which water was found contained considerably less than observed in previous field investigations. Fuel System Icing Inhibitor, known to exert an inhibitory effect on microorganisms, was present in the water bottom samples in concentrations ranging from 7 to 25% by volume. Microbial levels, both fungal and bacterial were inconsequential. This survey has shown the facilities evaluated to be free of significant microbial contamination, attesting to the beneficial results of excellent housekeeping procedures.
Download or read book Microbial Contamination of Air Force Petroleum Products written by Ralph R. Cockey and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was undertaken to develop information and methods for control of microbial growth in jet fuel storage tanks and aircraft wing tanks, and to determine the vulnerability of other widely used AF materials to microbiological attack. The relative contamination level of fuel storage tank bottoms at 30 AF bases was determined, the flora characterized, and pathogenicity to laboratory animals of the predominant types determined. A number of water-soluble microbicides were evaluated. Potassium dichromate was an effective biostatic agent in laboratory and limited-scale field trials. A number of fuel- and watersoluble biocides were evaluated and several selected as worthy of more intensive testing. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, the principal ingredcient of mil-i-27686 anti-icing additive, was found to exert a marked biocidal action in concentrations above 10% in fuel tank bottoms. Fuel injection grade alcohol is recommended as an antiseptic wing tank rinse. (Author).
Download or read book Study of Microbial Contamination of Aviation Fuel at CITA Petroleum written by Albert Olayemi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Isolation of Microbial Contaminants in Aviation Turbine Fuel Via Traditional Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR and Direct PCR Preliminary Results written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbially contaminated aviation fuel cause the Air Force increased maintenance and replacement costs from problems such as fuel gauge malfunctions, fuel line and filter plugging, and corrosion. As a result, there is considerable interest in identifying microbial growth and finding strategies to mitigate it. Previous research to isolate and identify aviation fuel microbial contaminants has used cultivation-based methodologies. This study aimed to investigate newer molecular methods to more comprehensively characterize the bioburden in aviation fuel supplies. Several fuel samples were analyzed for bacterial contamination using two distinct methods: a cultivation-independent method (direct PCR) and a traditional cultivation-dependant method. A total of 36 bacterial genera were identified, including 28 genera which have not been previously reported in aviation fuel. Nearly 62% of the new bacterial genera were isolated with the cultivation-independent method only, 33% with both methods, and only 5% with the cultivation-dependant method only.
Download or read book Microbial Contamination of Jet Fuel written by William B. Engel and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemmotological Aspects of Sustainable Development of Transport written by Sergii Boichenko and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at chemmotological solutions to important questions surrounding sustainability and environmental safety of transport — both key priorities within the global strategy of sustainable development. Bringing together expanded versions of selected papers presented at the 8th International Scientific-Technical Conference: Problems of Chemmotology – Theory and Practice of Rational Use of Conventional and Alternative Fuels and Lubricants, contributors present solutions to problematic questions, including choosing feedstock and technologies of its processing for manufacturing alternative fuels, development and implementation of measures for improving environmental safety of transport, minimizing exhaust gases emission from transport, introducing new solution or improvements in systems of fuels supply and infrastructure, and changes in legislative and regulatory base for fuels and lubricants use. This collection will be an invaluable reference for researchers, professionals, and students involved in alternative aviation fuels, transport engineering, sustainable transport development, and fuels and lubricants.
Download or read book Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oilfield Systems written by Corinne Whitby and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-13 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oil Field Systems addresses the major problems microbes cause in oil fields, (e.g. biocorrosion and souring) and how beneficial microbial activities may be exploited (e.g. MEOR and biofuels). The book describes theoretical and practical approaches to specific Molecular Microbiological Methods (MMM), and is written by leading authorities in the field from both academia and industry. The book describes how MMM can be applied to faciliate better management of oil reservoirs and downstream processes. The book is innovative in that it utilises real industrial case studies which gives useful technical and scientific information to researchers, engineers and microbiologists working with oil, gas and petroleum systems.
Download or read book Military Research on Jet Fuel Contamination written by Donald B. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious aircraft troubles, including engine flameouts, fuel gage malfunctions, integral tank corrosion, and other fuel system difficulties have been traced to contaminants in the fuel. The chief offenders, singly or in combination, were found to be water, dirt (especially iron rust), surfactants, and microorganisms. Improper operation and maintenance of fuel handling equipment was found to be the causative factor in each case of serious fuel contamination thus far investigated. The consensus of informed opinion is that the troubles encountered in field handling of fuels can be averted by good house keeping throughout the fuel handling system.
Download or read book Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Field Survey of the Microbiological Contamination Present in JP 4 Fuel and 115 145 AVGAS in a Military Fuel Distribution System written by Morris R. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
