Download or read book The Rise of American Research Universities written by Hugh Davis Graham and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1997-01-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the Second World War, few universities in the United States had earned high respect among the international community of scholars and scientists. Since 1945, however, the distinctive attributes of American higher education—decentralized administration, pluralistic and research-minded faculties, and intense competition for government funding—have become world standard. Whether measured by Nobel and other prizes, international applications for student admissions and faculty appointments, or the results of academic surveys, America's top research universities are the best in the world. The Rise of American Research Universities provides a fresh historical interpretation of their ascendancy and a fresh, comprehensive estimate of their scholarly achievement. Hugh Davis Graham and Nancy Diamond question traditional methods of rating the reputation and performance of universities; they offer instead an empirical analysis of faculty productivity based on research grants received, published research, and peer approval of that work. Comparing the research achievements of faculty at more than 200 institutions, they differ with most studies of higher education in measuring performance in every academic field—from medicine to humanities—and in analyzing data on research activity in terms of institutional size. In this important and timely work, Graham and Diamond reassess the success of American universities as research institutions and the role of public funding in their developmentfrom the expansionist "golden years" of the 1950s and '60s, through the austerity measures of the 1970s and the entrepreneurial ethos of the 1980s, to the budget crises universities face in the 1990s.
Download or read book American Universities and Federal Research written by Charles Vincent Kidd and published by Cambridge, Mass. : Belknap Press. This book was released on 1959 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The central thesis of this book is that large-scale federal financing of research has set in motion irreversible forces that are affecting the nature of universities” – Preface.
Download or read book American Universities and Federal Research written by Charles V. Kidd and published by Belknap Press. This book was released on 1959 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Universities and the Future of America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-08 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Universities and the Future of America presents critically important strategies for ensuring that our nation's research universities contribute strongly to America's prosperity, security, and national goals. Widely considered the best in the world, our nation's research universities today confront significant financial pressures, important advances in technology, a changing demographic landscape, and increased international competition. This report provides a course of action for ensuring our universities continue to produce the knowledge, ideas, and talent the United States needs to be a global leader in the 21st century. Research Universities and the Future of America focuses on strengthening and expanding the partnership among universities and government, business, and philanthropy that has been central to American prosperity and security. The report focuses on the top 10 actions that Congress, the federal government, state governments, research universities, and others could take to strengthen the research and education missions of our research universities, their relationships with other parts of the national research enterprise, and their ability to transfer new knowledge and ideas to those who productively use them in our society and economy. This report examines trends in university finance, prospects for improving university operations, opportunities for deploying technology, and improvement in the regulation of higher education institutions. It also explores ways to improve pathways to graduate education, take advantage of opportunities to increase student diversity, and realign doctoral education for the careers new doctorates will follow. Research Universities and the Future of America is an important resource for policy makers on the federal and state levels, university administrators, philanthropic organizations, faculty, technology transfer specialists, libraries, and researchers.
Download or read book Sponsored Research in American Universities and Colleges written by American Council on Education. Committee on Sponsored Projects and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research and Relevant Knowledge written by Roger L. Geiger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of American research universities to international preeminence constitutes one of the most important episodes in the history of higher education. Research and Relevant Knowledge follows Geiger's earlier volume on American research universities from 1900 to 1940. This second work is the first study to trace this momentous development in the post-World War II period. It describes how the federal government first relied on university scientists during the war, and how the resulting relationship set the pattern for the postwar mushrooming of academic research.The first half of the book analyzes the development of the postwar system of academic research, exploring the contributions of foundations, defense agencies, and universities. The second half depicts the rise of the ""golden age"" of academic research in the years after Sputnik (1957) and its eventual dissolution at the end of the 1960s graduate education. When the federal patron soon reduced its largesse, university students took the lead in challenging the putative hegemony of academic research. The loss of consensus quickly brought the malaise of the 1970s--stagnation, frustration, and equivocation about the research role. The final chapter appraises the renaissance of the 1980s, based largely on a rapprochement with the private sector, and ends by evaluating the embattled status of research universities at the beginning of the 1990s.Research and Relevant Knowledge provides the first authoritative analytical account of American research universities during their most fateful half-century. It will be of critical importance to all those concerned with the future of higher education in the United States.
Download or read book In the National Interest written by Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology. Ad Hoc Working Group on Research-Intensive Universities and the Federal Government and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Universities and Federal Research Funds written by Charles Vincent Kidd and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimizing the Nation s Investment in Academic Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research universities are critical contributors to our national research enterprise. They are the principal source of a world-class labor force and fundamental discoveries that enhance our lives and the lives of others around the world. These institutions help to create an educated citizenry capable of making informed and crucial choices as participants in a democratic society. However many are concerned that the unintended cumulative effect of federal regulations undercuts the productivity of the research enterprise and diminishes the return on the federal investment in research. Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research reviews the regulatory framework as it currently exists, considers specific regulations that have placed undue and often unanticipated burdens on the research enterprise, and reassesses the process by which these regulations are created, reviewed, and retired. This review is critical to strengthen the partnership between the federal government and research institutions, to maximize the creation of new knowledge and products, to provide for the effective training and education of the next generation of scholars and workers, and to optimize the return on the federal investment in research for the benefit of the American people.
Download or read book New Prospects for Achievement written by American Council on Education. Commission on Federal Relations and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Relevant Knowledge written by Roger L. Geiger and published by Transaction Pub. This book was released on 2004 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of American research universities to international preeminence constitutes one of the most important episodes in the history of higher education. Research and Relevant Knowledge follows Geiger's earlier volume on American research universities from 1900 to 1940. This second work is the first study to trace this momentous development in the post-World War II period. It describes how the federal government first relied on university scientists during the war, and how the resulting relationship set the pattern for the postwar mushrooming of academic research. The first half of the book analyzes the development of the postwar system of academic research, exploring the contributions of foundations, defense agencies, and universities. The second half depicts the rise of the "golden age" of academic research in the years after Sputnik (1957) and its eventual dissolution at the end of the 1960s graduate education. When the federal patron soon reduced its largesse, university students took the lead in challenging the putative hegemony of academic research. The loss of consensus quickly brought the malaise of the 1970s--stagnation, frustration, and equivocation about the research role. The final chapter appraises the renaissance of the 1980s, based largely on a rapprochement with the private sector, and ends by evaluating the embattled status of research universities at the beginning of the 1990s. Research and Relevant Knowledge provides the first authoritative analytical account of American research universities during their most fateful half-century. It will be of critical importance to all those concerned with the future of higher education in the United States. Roger L. Geiger is Distinguished Professor of Higher Education at the Pennsylvania State University. He has edited the History of Higher Education Annual since 1993, was a section editor for the Encyclopedia of Higher Education, and is the author of The American College in the Nineteenth Century, Private Sectors in Higher Education, and To Advance Knowledge, available from Transaction.
Download or read book American Universities and Federal Research Funds written by Charles V. Kidd and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Universities and the National Interest written by Carnegie Corporation of New York and published by New York : Ford Foundation. This book was released on 1977 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The connection between the major research universities and the federal government in furthering advanced learning of high quality was reassessed during a series of meetings of the presidents of 15 major universities. It is argued that one of the decisive elements in the quality of a society is the level it is able to reach and sustain in the quality of its research and scholarship, a national need for excellence in higher learning which cannot be met without a renewed and strong partnership between major research universities and the federal government. Serious limitations in international competence exist in American universities in terms of language instruction, specialized libraries, and collaboration between American scholars and scientists and those in developing countries. The long-term international effectiveness of the United States would be substantially enhanced by the achievement of full international competence on the part of the major American research universities. Without federal assistance even the competence achieved since World War II will erode. Recommendations include: (1) under the International Education Act or other appropriate authorizing legislation, the federal government should develop a ten-year program of grants in support of plans by individual research universities for achieving and maintaining greater competence in research on foreign areas and international problems, and that these grants be awarded on the basis of demonstrated merit; (2) federally funded fellowship programs should support the advanced training of graduate students and the work of postdoctoral scholars in international studies; (3) a comprehensive federal fellowship policy should be developed; and (4) funding for present and future federal programs designed to increase our national competence in international studies should be increased by $75 million a year. (CC)
Download or read book Scientific Progress the Universities and the Federal Government written by United States. President's Science Advisory Committee and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conflicts Between the Federal Research Programs and the Nation s Goals for the Higher Education written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Research and Technical Programs Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Federal Financing of Higher Education written by Association of American Universities and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book To Advance Knowledge written by Roger L. Geiger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American research universities are part of the foundation for the supremacy of American science. Although they emerged as universities in the late nineteenth century, the incorporation of research as a distinct part of their mission largely occurred after 1900. To Advance Knowledge relates how these institutions, by 1940, advanced from provincial outposts in the world of knowledge to leaders in critical areas of science. This study is the first to systematically examine the preconditions for the development of a university research role. These include the formation of academic disciplines--communities that sponsored associations and journals, which defined and advanced fields of knowledge. Only a few universities were able to engage in these activities. Indeed, universities before World War I struggled to find the means to support their own research through endowments, research funds, and faculty time. To Advance Knowledge shows how these institutions developed the size and wealth to harbor a learned faculty. The book illustrates how arrangements for research changed markedly in the 1920s when the great foundations established from the Rockefeller and Carnegie fortunes embraced the advancement of knowledge as a goal. Universities emerged in this decade as the best-suited vessels to carry this mission. Foundation resources made possible the development of an American social science. In the natural sciences, this patronage allowed the United States to gain parity with Europe on scientific frontiers, of which the most important was undoubtedly nuclear physics. The research role of universities cannot be isolated from the institutions themselves. To Advance Knowledge focuses on sixteen universities that were significantly engaged with research during this era. It analyzes all facets of these institutions--collegiate life, sources of funding, treatment of faculty--since all were relevant to shaping the research role.
