Download or read book American Missionaries and the Middle East written by Middle East Studies Association of North America. Annual Meeting and published by Utah Turkish and Islamic Stud. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of the way nineteenth and early twentieth century American missionaries affected future U.S.-Middle East relations.
Download or read book Artillery of Heaven written by Ussama Makdisi and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex relationship between America and the Arab world goes back further than most people realize. In Artillery of Heaven, Ussama Makdisi presents a foundational American encounter with the Arab world that occurred in the nineteenth century, shortly after the arrival of the first American Protestant missionaries in the Middle East. He tells the dramatic tale of the conversion and death of As'ad Shidyaq, the earliest Arab convert to American Protestantism. The struggle over this man's body and soul—and over how his story might be told—changed the actors and cultures on both sides. In the unfamiliar, multireligious landscape of the Middle East, American missionaries at first conflated Arabs with Native Americans and American culture with an uncompromising evangelical Christianity. In turn, their Christian and Muslim opponents in the Ottoman Empire condemned the missionaries as malevolent intruders. Yet during the ensuing confrontation within and across cultures an unanticipated spirit of toleration was born that cannot be credited to either Americans or Arabs alone. Makdisi provides a genuinely transnational narrative for this new, liberal awakening in the Middle East, and the challenges that beset it. By exploring missed opportunities for cultural understanding, by retrieving unused historical evidence, and by juxtaposing for the first time Arab perspectives and archives with American ones, this book counters a notion of an inevitable clash of civilizations and thus reshapes our view of the history of America in the Arab world.
Download or read book Nearest East written by Hans-Lukas Kieser and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-12 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How missionaries and evangelical politics influenced American government policy in the Middle East.
Download or read book US Foreign Policy in the Middle East written by Geoffrey F. Gresh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dawn of the Cold War marked a new stage of complex U.S. foreign policy involvement in the Middle East. More recently, globalization and the region’s ongoing conflicts and political violence have led to the U.S. being more politically, economically, and militarily enmeshed – for better or worse—throughout the region. This book examines the emergence and development of U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East from the early 1900s to the present. With contributions from some of the world’s leading scholars, it takes a fresh, interdisciplinary, and insightful look into the many antecedents that led to current U.S. foreign policy. Exploring the historical challenges, regional alliances, rapid political change, economic interests, domestic politics, and other sources of regional instability, this volume comprises critical analysis from Iranian, Turkish, Israeli, American, and Arab perspectives to provide a comprehensive examination of the evolution and transformation of U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East. This volume is an important resource for scholars and students working in the fields of Political Science, Sociology, International Relations, Islamic, Turkish, Iranian, Arab, and Israeli Studies.
Download or read book Pioneers East written by David H. Finnie and published by Harvard Middle Eastern Studies. This book was released on 1967 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Pioneers East".
Download or read book I Am a Pilgrim a Traveler a Stranger written by John Hubers and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book--part biography, part critical analysis--John Hubers introduces us to a man whose pioneering ministry in the Ottoman Empire has gone largely unnoticed since his memoir was penned in 1828, three years after his death in Beirut, by a seminary colleague. His name was Pliny Fisk, and he belonged to a cadre of New England seminary students whose evangelical Calvinism led them to believe that God was opening up a new chapter in the life of the Church that included an aggressive evangelism outside the borders of Christendom. Fisk and his friend Levi Parsons joined that effort in 1819 when they became the first American missionaries sent to the Ottoman Empire by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Hubers's intent is to show the complexity of Fisk's character while examining the impact his move to the Middle East made on his perceptions of the religious other. As such, this volume joins a growing body of literature aimed at providing critical, historical, and religious context to the often checkered history of relations between American Christians and Western Asian peoples.
Download or read book American Apostles written by Christine Leigh Heyrman and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2015-09 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "American Apostles" Christine Leigh Heyrman chronicles the first fateful collision between American missionaries and the diverse religious cultures of the Levant. Pliny Fisk, Levi Parsons, and Jonas King became the founding members of the Palestine mission and ventured to Ottoman Turkey, Egypt, and Syria, where they sought to expose the falsity of Muhammad's creed and to restore these bastions of Islam to true Christianity. Not only among the first Americans to travel throughout the Middle East, the Palestine missionaries also played a crucial role in shaping their compatriots' understanding of the Muslim world. "American Apostles "brings to life evangelicals' first encounters with the Middle East and uncovers their complicated legacy. The Palestine mission held the promise of acquainting Americans with a fuller and more accurate understanding of Islam, but ultimately it bolstered a more militant Christianity, one that became the unofficial creed of the United States over the course of the nineteenth century. The political and religious consequences of that outcome endure to this day.
Download or read book Altruism and Imperialism written by Reeva S. Simon and published by Middle East Institute Columbia University. This book was released on 2002 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Interests and Policies in the Middle East written by John A. DeNovo and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1963 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Orphan Scandal written by Beth Baron and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On a sweltering June morning in 1933 a fifteen-year-old Muslim orphan girl refused to rise in a show of respect for her elders at her Christian missionary school in Port Said. Her intransigence led to a beating—and to the end of most foreign missions in Egypt—and contributed to the rise of Islamist organizations. Turkiyya Hasan left the Swedish Salaam Mission with scratches on her legs and a suitcase of evidence of missionary misdeeds. Her story hit a nerve among Egyptians, and news of the beating quickly spread through the country. Suspicion of missionary schools, hospitals, and homes increased, and a vehement anti-missionary movement swept the country. That missionaries had won few converts was immaterial to Egyptian observers: stories such as Turkiyya's showed that the threat to Muslims and Islam was real. This is a great story of unintended consequences: Christian missionaries came to Egypt to convert and provide social services for children. Their actions ultimately inspired the development of the Muslim Brotherhood and similar Islamist groups. In The Orphan Scandal, Beth Baron provides a new lens through which to view the rise of Islamic groups in Egypt. This fresh perspective offers a starting point to uncover hidden links between Islamic activists and a broad cadre of Protestant evangelicals. Exploring the historical aims of the Christian missions and the early efforts of the Muslim Brotherhood, Baron shows how the Muslim Brotherhood and like-minded Islamist associations developed alongside and in reaction to the influx of missionaries. Patterning their organization and social welfare projects on the early success of the Christian missions, the Brotherhood launched their own efforts to "save" children and provide for the orphaned, abandoned, and poor. In battling for Egypt's children, Islamic activists created a network of social welfare institutions and a template for social action across the country—the effects of which, we now know, would only gain power and influence across the country in the decades to come.
Download or read book Power Faith and Fantasy America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present written by Michael B. Oren and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2008-02-17 with total page 1178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Will shape our thinking about America and the Middle East for years.”—Christopher Dickey, Newsweek Power, Faith, and Fantasytells the remarkable story of America's 230-year relationship with the Middle East. Drawing on a vast range of government documents, personal correspondence, and the memoirs of merchants, missionaries, and travelers, Michael B. Oren narrates the unknown story of how the United States has interacted with this vibrant and turbulent region.
Download or read book Cultural Conversions written by Heather J. Sharkey and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume study cultural conversions that arose from missionary activities in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Both Catholic and Protestant missionaries effected changes that often went beyond what they had intended, sometimes backfiring against the missions. These changes entailed wrenching political struggles to redefine families, communities, and lines of authority. This volume’s contributors examine the meanings of "conversion" for individuals and communities in light of loyalties and cultural traditions, and consider how conversion, as a process, was often ambiguous. The history of Christian missions emerges from these pages as an integral part of world history that has stretched beyond professing Christians to affect the lives of peoples who have consciously rejected or remained largely unaware of missionary appeals.
Download or read book New Faith in Ancient Lands written by Heleen Murre-van den Berg and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007-03-31 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the centuries, the Middle East has held an important place in the religious consciousness of many Christians in West and East. In the nineteenth century, these interests culminated in extensive missionary work of Protestant and Roman Catholic organisations, among Eastern Christians, Muslims and Jews. The present volume, in articles written by an international group of scholars, discusses themes like the historical background of Christian geopiety among Roman Catholics and Protestants, and the internal tensions and conflicting aims of missions and missionaries, such as between nationalist and internationalist interests, between various rival organisations and between conversionalist and civilizational aims of missions in the Ottoman Empire. In a synthetic overview and a comprehensive bibliography an up-to-date introduction into this field is provided.
Download or read book Christian Missions and Humanitarianism in The Middle East 1850 1950 written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the early phases of modern missions, Christian missionaries supported many humanitarian activities, mostly framed as subservient to the preaching of Christianity. This anthology contributes to a historically grounded understanding of the complex relationship between Christian missions and the roots of humanitarianism and its contemporary uses in a Middle Eastern context. Contributions focus on ideologies, rhetoric, and practices of missionaries and their apostolates towards humanitarianism, from the mid-19th century Middle East crises, examining different missionaries, their society’s worldview and their networks in various areas of the Middle East. In the early 20th century Christian missions increasingly paid more attention to organisation and bureaucratisation (‘rationalisation’), and media became more important to their work. The volume analyses how non-missionaries took over, to a certain extent, the aims and organisations of the missionaries as to humanitarianism. It seeks to discover and retrace such ‘entangled histories’ for the first time in an integral perspective. Contributors include: Beth Baron, Philippe Bourmaud, Seija Jalagin, Nazan Maksudyan, Michael Marten, Heleen (L.) Murre-van den Berg, Inger Marie Okkenhaug, Idir Ouahes, Maria Chiara Rioli, Karène Sanchez Summerer, Bertrand Taithe, and Chantal Verdeil
Download or read book Errand Into the East written by Emrah Sahin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American missionaries had a lasting effect on contemporary discussions of education, nationalism and religion in the late Ottoman Middle East. In addition to symbolizing the clash between the local Muslims and others in the nineteenth century, the American missionaries in the region helped shape the discourse of American and Ottoman diplomatic and cultural relations, serving as a precedent for more recent diplomatic and religious confrontations. In this book, Emrah Sahin analyzes the objectives and results of the missions with particular analysis of the missionary life in Istanbul, the Ottoman metropolitan capital in this century, when religion was the single most important element of civil, communal identity. American missionary experience from the start in New England to getting established in Istanbul is considered in terms of their meaning for the missionaries and on the lives of the Ottomans. Pairing new archival material from the missionary collections with the growing secondary literature on related fields, Sahin offers a fresh interpretation of American missionaries and their pivotal movement in American and Middle Eastern history.
Download or read book American Evangelicals in Egypt written by Heather Jane Sharkey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1854, American Presbyterian missionaries arrived in Egypt as part of a larger Anglo-American Protestant movement aiming for worldwide evangelization. Protected by British imperial power, and later by mounting American global influence, their enterprise flourished during the next century. American Evangelicals in Egypt follows the ongoing and often unexpected transformations initiated by missionary activities between the mid-nineteenth century and 1967--when the Six-Day Arab-Israeli War uprooted the Americans in Egypt. Heather Sharkey uses Arabic and English sources to shed light on the many facets of missionary encounters with Egyptians. These occurred through institutions, such as schools and hospitals, and through literacy programs and rural development projects that anticipated later efforts of NGOs. To Egyptian Muslims and Coptic Christians, missionaries presented new models for civic participation and for women's roles in collective worship and community life. At the same time, missionary efforts to convert Muslims and reform Copts stimulated new forms of Egyptian social activism and prompted nationalists to enact laws restricting missionary activities. Faced by Islamic strictures and customs regarding apostasy and conversion, and by expectations regarding the proper structure of Christian-Muslim relations, missionaries in Egypt set off debates about religious liberty that reverberate even today. Ultimately, the missionary experience in Egypt led to reconsiderations of mission policy and evangelism in ways that had long-term repercussions for the culture of American Protestantism.
Download or read book Revival and Awakening written by Adam H. Becker and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-03-11 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most Americans have little understanding of the relationship between religion and nationalism in the Middle East. They assume that the two are rooted fundamentally in regional history, not in the history of contact with the broader world. However, as Adam H. Becker shows in this book, Americans—through their missionaries—had a strong hand in the development of a national and modern religious identity among one of the Middle East's most intriguing (and little-known) groups: the modern Assyrians. Detailing the history of the Assyrian Christian minority and the powerful influence American missionaries had on them, he unveils the underlying connection between modern global contact and the retrieval of an ancient identity. American evangelicals arrived in Iran in the 1830s. Becker examines how these missionaries, working with the “Nestorian” Church of the East—an Aramaic-speaking Christian community in the borderlands between Qajar Iran and the Ottoman Empire—catalyzed, over the span of sixty years, a new national identity. Instructed at missionary schools in both Protestant piety and Western science, this indigenous group eventually used its newfound scriptural and archaeological knowledge to link itself to the history of the ancient Assyrians, which in time led to demands for national autonomy. Exploring the unintended results of this American attempt to reform the Orient, Becker paints a larger picture of religion, nationalism, and ethnic identity in the modern era.
