Download or read book The Extent of Poverty in Latin America written by Oscar Altimir and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work originated in a research project for the measurement and analysis of income distribution in the Latin American countries, undertaken jointly by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the World Bank. The present paper presents estimates of the extent of absolute poverty for ten Latin American countries and for the region as a whole in the 1970s, on the basis of available household surveys and population censuses. They are based on country-specific poverty lines representing minimum acceptable levels of private consumption, drawn according to a food-based method. Such poverty lines - ranging from 150 to 250 dollars of annual household consumption per capita - express a normative definition of the absolute dimensions of poverty, partly based on expert appraisals and partly reflecting the actual behavior of low income households facing the life style projected by Latin American development. According to these estimates, 40 percent of Latin American households were poor at the beginning of the 1970s, the incidence of poverty being 26 percent in urban areas and 60 percent in rural areas. Urban poverty extended to more than one-third of urban households in some countries (Brazil, Colombia, Honduras) while affecting between 20 and 30 percent in others (Peru, Mexico, Venezuela), about 15 percent in Costa Rica and Chile and less than 10 percent in Argentina and Uruguay. The extent of poverty in rural areas would not be less than 20 percent in any case and would reach more than 60 percent in some countries. The corresponding poverty gaps were also estimated; in terms of total household income, they may represent manageable proportions (around 2-3 percent) in the better-off countries, but are in the 4-8 percent range in the bigger countries of the region and reach as much as 12 percent in Peru and 17 percent in Honduras.

Download or read book Handbook of Hope written by C. Richard Snyder and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-06-07 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hope has previously been a construct more of interest to philosophy and religion than in psychology. New research has shown, however, that hope is closely related to optimism, feelings of control, and motivation toward achieving one's goals. The Handbook of Hope presents a comprehensive overview of the psychological inquiry into hope, including its measurement, its development in children, how its loss is associated with specific clinical disorders, and therapeutic approaches that can help instill hope in those who have lost theirs. A final section discusses hope in occupational applications: how the use of hope can make one a better coach, teacher, or parent. - Defines hope as a construct and describes development of hope through the lifespan - Provides multiple instruments for measuring hope - Guides professionals in how to assess hope levels & implement hope as part of therapy - Relates hope to all portions of the population - Includes case studies, figures, and tables to aid understanding of research findings and concepts; discusses the importance of hope to relationships, achieving goals, and success at work

Download or read book Positive Organizational Scholarship written by Kim Cameron and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2003-08-09 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholarship establishes a new field of study in the organizational sciences. Just as positive psychology focuses on exploring optimal individual psychological states rather than pathological ones, Positive Organizational Scholarship focuses attention on optimal organizational states --- the dynamics in organizations that lead to the development of human strength, foster resiliency in employees, make healing, restoration, and reconciliation possible, and cultivate extraordinary individual and organizational performance. While the concept of positive organizational scholarship encompasses the examination of typical and even dysfunctional patterns of behavior, it emphasizes positive deviance from expected patterns. Positive Organizational Scholarship examines the enablers, motivations, and effects associated with remarkably positive phenomena --- how they are facilitated, why they work, how they can be identified, and how researchers and managers can capitalize on them. The contributors do not adopt one particular theory or framework but draw from the full spectrum of organizational theories to understand, explain, and predict the occurrence, causes, and consequences of positivity. Positive Organizational Scholarship rigorously seeks to understand what represents the best of the human condition based on scholarly research and theory. This book invites organizational scholars to build upon and extend the positive organizational phenomena being examined. It provides the definitional, theoretical, and empirical foundations for what will become a cumulative body of enduring work.

Download or read book Work Engagement written by Wilmar Schaufeli and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Organizational Justice written by Jerald Greenberg and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matters of perceived fairness and justice run deep in the workplace. Workers are concerned about being treated fairly by their supervisors; managers generally are interested in treating their direct reports fairly; and everyone is concerned about what happens when these expectations are violated. This exciting new handbook covers the topic of organizational justice, defined as people's perceptions of fairness in organizations. The Handbook of Organizational Justice is designed to be a complete, current, and comprehensive reference chronicling the current state of the organizational justice literature. Tracing the development of ideas regarding organizational justice, this book: *introduces the topic of organizational justice from a historical perspective and presents fundamental issues regarding the nature of organizational justice; *examines the justice judgment process, specifically addressing basic psychological processes, such as the roles of control, self-interest, morality, and trust in the formation of justice judgments; *discusses the consequences of fair and unfair treatment in the workplace; *focuses on such key issues as promoting justice in the workplace in ways that help manage stress, and the underlying processes that account for the effectiveness of justice applications; *examines the generalizability of the interaction between process and outcomes and focuses on the notion of cross-cultural differences in justice effects; and *summarizes the state of the science of organizational justice and presents various issues for future research and theorizing. This Handbook is useful as a guide for professors and graduate students, primarily in the fields of management and psychology. It also is highly relevant to professionals in the fields of communication, sociology, legal studies, marketing, and human resources management.

Download or read book Psychological Capital Developing the Human Competitive Edge written by Fred Luthans and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-08-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there are as many answers to the question of how organizations can gain competitive advantage in today's global economy as there are books and experts, one lesson seems very clear: traditional answers and resources are no longer sufficient. This seminal book offers not only an answer regarding how to gain competitive advantage through people, but also a brand new, untapped human resource--psychological capital, or simply PsyCap. Generated from both the positive psychology movement and the authors' pioneering work on positive organizational behavior, PsyCap goes beyond traditionally recognized human and social capital. But PsyCap is not a vague or unscientific concept: to be included in PsyCap, a given positive construct must be based on theory, research, and valid measurement, must be open to development, and must have measurable performance impact. The positive constructs that have been determined to best meet these PsyCap criteria, efficacy (confidence), hope, optimism, and resiliency, are covered in separate chapters in Psychological Capital. After exploring other potential positive constructs such as creativity, wisdom, well being, flow, humor, gratitude, forgiveness, emotional intelligence, spirituality, authenticity, and courage, the authors summarize the research demonstrating the performance impact of PsyCap. They go on to provide the PsyCap Questionnaire (PCQ) as a measurement tool, and the PsyCap Intervention (PCI) as a development aid. Utility analysis indicates that investing in the development of PsyCap as presented in this book can result in a very substantial return. In total, Psychological Capital provides theory, research, measurements, and methods of application for the new resource of psychological capital, a resource that can be developed and sustained for competitive advantage.

Download or read book Explanatory Style written by Gregory McClell Buchanan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first work to condense the large literature on explanatory style -- one's tendency to offer similar sorts of explanations for different events. This cognitive variable has been related to psychopathology, physical health, achievement and success. Compiled by experts in the fields of depression, anxiety, psychoneuroimmunology and motivation, this volume details our current level of understanding, outlines gaps in our knowledge, and discusses the future directions of the field. Data from a vast number of studies are presented, including results from studies not previously reported. Coverage includes sections on cross-cultural comparisons, life-span and development issues, and gender differences; and an extensive description of the measurement of explanatory style offering questionnaire and content-analysis methods for children, college populations and adults. This work is thus a valuable tool for anyone involved in research on the etiology and treatment of depression, cognitive therapy, motivation and emotion, and the link between physical and psychological well-being.

Download or read book Organizational Justice and Human Resource Management written by Robert G. Folger and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1998-04-09 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some acts, but not others, perceived to be fair? How do people who experience unfairness respond toward those held accountable for the unfairness? Organizational Justice and Human Resource Management reviews the theoretical organizational justice literature and explores how the research on justice applies to various topics in organizational behavior, including personnel selection systems, performance appraisal, and the role of fairness in resolving workplace conflict. Authors Robert Folger and Russell Cropanzano introduce a framework of organizational justiceùFairness Theoryùthat integrates previous work in this area by focusing on accountability for events with negative impact on material or psychological well-being. The book concludes with a chapter highlighting those topics that represent promising future directions for research. Researchers, scholars, and doctoral-level students in human resources, organizational behavior, and ethics will find this a timely, thought-provoking resource.

Download or read book Organizational Citizenship Behavior written by Dennis W. Organ and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Authentic Happiness written by Martin E. P. Seligman and published by William Heinemann. This book was released on 2011-05-02 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of the international bestseller, Learned Optimism, comes a ground-breaking look at the nature of happiness and how everyone has the power to inject real joy into their lives. Martin E. Seligman is the international leader of the Positive Psychology Movement. His first trade book, the international bestseller Learned Optimism, greatly influenced the way people thought about mental health by bringing the concepts of cognitive psychology to a mass audience. Authentic Happiness is an even bigger ground-breaker. It represents the first time any scientist has placed value in the study not only of mental illness, but of 'mental wellness.' It's not about curing one's ills, but about exercising one's strengths and virtues in order to achieve what Seligman terms 'authentic happiness.' The life-changing lesson of Authentic Happiness is that, by assessing the very best in ourselves, we can improve the world around us and achieve new and lasting levels of genuine contentment and joy.

Download or read book Health Promotion Evaluation written by Joseph P. Opatz and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: