Download or read book Alterations of Epigenetics and MicroRNAs in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cell written by Yoshimasa Saito and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies have shown that alterations of epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of human cancer. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells is generally mediated by DNA hypermethylation of CpG island promoter and histone modification such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and tri-methylation of H3K27. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of various target genes. Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during carcinogenesis. Important tumor suppressor miRNAs are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in activation of target oncogenes in human malignancies. Stem cells have the ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal and to generate mature cells of various tissues through differentiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subpopulation of cancer cells with distinct stem-like properties is responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation, which is defined as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are considered to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, suggesting that these cells are important targets of cancer therapy. DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNAs may be deeply involved in stem-like properties in cancer cells. Restoring the expression of tumor suppressor genes and miRNAs by chromatin modifying drugs may be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer stem cells. In this Research Topic, we discuss about alterations of epigenetics and miRNAs in cancer and cancer stem cell and understand the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of cancer stem cell, which may provide a novel insight for treatment of refractory cancer.
Download or read book Epigenetics and Cancer written by Fazlul H. Sarkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall, this book illustrates the complexities of the regulation and deregulation of genes mediated through epigenetics in the development and progression of human malignancies. All the articles have been carefully chosen to represent several cancer systems with state of our knowledge on the role of epigenetic deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target mRNAs along with epigenetic deregulation of mRNAs. This book also illustrates the role of several dietary agents, collectively called nutraceuticals or natural agents in modulating the epigenetic reprogramming of miRNAs and mRNAs for the prevention and/or treatment of human malignancies. It is well known that genetic aberrations, especially inherited through parents (somatic genetic alterations) contribute to the development of less than 10% of all cancer yet epigenetic alterations in genes especially through selective methylation and acetylation appears to be responsible for the development and progression of the vast majority of all cancers. Therefore, understanding the role of epigenetics in the regulation of genes especially through deregulated expression of miRNAs as presented in this book will allow scientists to devise targeted therapeutic strategies for re-expression of the lost genes or down-regulate the genes that are over-expressed in order to eradicate cancer. It is hoped that targeting epigenetics will not only target cancer cells but it will also target the tumor microenvironment (more like the entire tumor environment such as the entire host) for achieving better treatment outcomes for patients diagnosed with cancer which will lead to achieve the long-term objective for complete eradication of cancer. This book contains fifteen chapters which begins with the concept of systems and network biology for investigating the epigenetics of cancer followed by a series of articles on the role of miRNAs and their target genes in the biology of pancreatic cancer and other cancers such as breast, kidney, prostate and and colon. Since it is becoming increasingly clear that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are important in the development and progression of cancer, and CSCs are important in therapeutic resistance, treatment failure and tumor recurrence, thus the importance of CSCs and epigenetics has been highlighted by a very timely article on epigenetic variations of stem cell markers in cancer including miRNAs. Moreover, just targeting heterogeneous cancer cell populations may not be optimal to eradicate tumors and for which one must take a holistic approach for developing drugs that could also target the tumor microenvironment and tumor dormancy that are regulated through epigenetics. Keeping abreast with this thought process the concluding chapter provides a concept towards curative cancer therapy with maspin, which could be a unique window of opportunity to target tumor dormancy. Therefore, it suggest that targeting the tumor dormancy and the tumor microenvironment using novel therapeutics specifically by targeting epigenetics would become the future of medicine.
Download or read book Epigenetics Territory and Cancer written by Parvin Mehdipour and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores epigenetic strategies, bridging fundamental cancer epigenetics, different paradigms in tumor genetics and translational understanding for both the clinic and improved lifestyles. The work provides target-based insights for treating different types of cancers and presents research on evolutionary epigenetics, introducing ‘Medical Epi- Anthropology’ and ‘Cancer Epi-Anthropology’. Translating multi-disciplinary research into therapeutic design is at the core of this book. Readers may explore how cancer management involves unmasking the involved networks and the interactive status of different genes to achieve the appropriate methylome based therapy. Early chapters explore fundamental aspects and brain tumours, whilst later chapters investigate breast cancer and various other cancers, and the final chapter presents an evolutionary insight in cancer epigenetics, considering that the epigene is beyond DNA methylation, RNA interference and histone modification in cancer development. This book will be of interest to researchers in different medical and scientific fields, including clinical management (diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, prevention, and guidelines), genetic education, nutrition and nutrigenomics, industrial chemistry, and drug innovation. Because of the unique bridging between science and medicine this book will also be useful as an educational and translational research package.
Download or read book Epigenetics and Disease written by Susan M. Gasser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics has emerged recently as an important area of molecular biological studies. Epigenetic modifications lead to potentially heritable but reversible alterations in the expression of genes that determine cell fate. Epigenetic misregulation is thus often linked to degenerative diseases, cancer and neuronal disorders. Recent biomedical interest in this regulatory system stems from the fact that epigenetic, in contrast to genetic, alterations are in principle amenable to pharmacological intervention. A few epigenetically active drugs, for example histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, have been approved by FDA for treatment of cancers such as CTCL, MDS, and AML. This volume explores the scientific background for clinical applications of epigenetically active drugs. Included are descriptions of epigenetic controls over gene expression, the post-transcriptional silencing of genes by RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNAs, as well as new findings from stem cell research which are relevant to pharmacological applications.
Download or read book Epigenetic Advancements in Cancer written by Manoj K. Mishra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-04 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the epigenetic alterations and their association with various human cancers. Considering one of human cancer as an example, individual chapters are focused on defining the role of epigenetic regulators and underlying mechanisms in cancer growth and progression. Epigenetic alteration including DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs expression are involved in a complex network of regulating expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and constitute an important event of the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Recent advances in the understanding of the epigenetic regulation and detailed information of these epigenetic changes in various cancers provide new avenues of advancements in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapies of this highly fatal disease.
Download or read book Epigenetics and Cancer Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genes interact with the environment, experience, and biology of the brain to shape an animal’s behavior. This latest volume in Advances in Genetics, organized according to the most widely used model organisms, describes the latest genetic discoveries in relation to neural circuit development and activity. Explores the latest topics in neural circuits and behavior research in zebrafish, drosophila, C.elegans, and mouse models Includes methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications Critically analyzes future prospects
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Part C written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-30 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer, Part C, Volume 389 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of hot topics, including Epigenetic biomarkers in breast cancer, Contribution of epigenetics to virus-driven cancer, Cancer metabolism and epigenetics, Technologies for epigenome editing, Epigenetics and cancer stemness, Epigenetic modifications in obesity-associated cancers, Epigenetics in cf microRNA in blood of solid tumors, Integrative analysis of transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, cell surface antigen in single cell level for AML, and more. Additional chapters cover Epigenetics in lung cancer, Gene Regulatory Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in Cancer, Role of miRNAs as epigenetic regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunity, Epigenetic contributions to Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Contribution of epigenetics to chemoresistance, Epigenetic contribution to the relationship between obesity and cancer, and Epigenetic regulation in ovarian cancer. Provides the latest information on cancer research Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Part B written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-04 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer, Part B, Volume 383 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of hot topics, including Epigenetic control of cell signaling in cancer stem cells, Genetic and epigenetic features of neuroendocrine prostate cancer and their emerging applications, Epigenetic regulation in pancreatic cancer, Epigenome Editing in Cancer: Advances and Challenges for Potential Therapeutic Options, Inhibition of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer, and Epigenetics as a determinant of radiation response in cancer.
Download or read book Epigenetics in Oncology written by Jianjun Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-20 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses Epigenetics in Cancer and covers the most recent advances in RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics in Oncology. RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics have been shown to play pivotal roles in cancer initiation, progression, maintenance and drug response/resistance, tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cell self-renewal, cancer metabolism, and tumor immune evasion. In particular, research in RNA cancer epigenetics has made impressive progress in the last few years. Individual chapters in Part I (focusing on RNA epigenetics) are devoted to RNA modifications in Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Immune Surveillance, Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity, and Hematopoietic Malignancies, as well as to RNA editing in Cancer. Chapters in Part II and III of the book focus on histone epigenetics and DNA epigenetics, respectively. By familiarizing readers with the latest developments in this complex and challenging field, the book offers a valuable resource for scientists, graduate students and clinicians alike.
Download or read book The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer Progression written by Lei Chang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancer written by Sabita Saldanha and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancer provides a comprehensive analysis of epigenetic signatures that govern disease development, progression and metastasis. Epigenetic signatures dictating tumor etiologies present an opportunity for biomarker identification which has broad potential for improving diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and risk assessment. This volumes offers a unique evaluation of signature differences in childhood, sex-specific and race-specific cancers, and in doing so broadly illuminates the scope of epigenetic biomarkers in clinical environments. Chapters detail the major epigenetic process in humans consisting of DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the initiation, progression and metastasis of tumors. Also delineated are recent technologies such as next generation sequencing that are used to identify epigenetic profiles (primarily methylation analysis) in samples (normal, benign and cancerous) and which are highly important to the analysis of epigenetic outcomes. Offers broad coverage that is applicable to audiences in various area of cancer research - population studies, diagnostics, prognosis, prediction, therapy, risk, etc. Provides critical review analysis of the topics that will clarify and delineate the potential roles of epigenetic signatures in cancer management Covers basic, as well as, clinical areas of epigenetic mechanisms in tumorigenesis Features contributions by leading experts in the field Provides comprehensive coverage of current epigenetic signatures involved in the etiology of various cancers and miRNAs
Download or read book Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer written by Michael Lübbert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing knowledge about disturbances of epigenetic gene regulation in hematopoietic stem cell disorders is now being translated into treatment approaches that target the epigenetic defects pharmacologically. This book first presents the latest evidence regarding the epigenetic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and hemoglobin production. The significance of DNA methylation abnormalities in hematopoietic disorders and of epigenetic disturbances in lung cancer and other solid tumors is then discussed. A major part of the book, however, relates specifically to the translation of basic research and drug development to clinical applications, and in this context both present and future clinical strategies are considered. Individual chapters are devoted to the use of DNA hypomethylating agents and chromatin-modifying agents, and the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors by means of epigenetic agents is discussed in detail.
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Download or read book Cancer Epigenetics written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-19 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades, it has become increasingly apparent that heredity is not the sole determining factor in disease development, such as cancer. This landmark work covers a wide array of aspects in the relatively new area of epigenetics, ranging from its role in the basic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, to the newest epigenetic drugs being de
Download or read book Epigenetic Alterations in Oncogenesis written by Adam R. Karpf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide an up to date review of the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes in cancer. Epigenetics literally means “above” genetics, and consists of heritable gene expression or other phenotypic states not accounted for by DNA base sequence. Epigenetic changes are now known to make a large contribution to various aspects of tumorigenesis. These changes include alterations in global and promoter specific DNA methylation, activating and repressive histone modifications, and changes in higher order chromatin structures. Each of these topics will be covered in this book.
Download or read book Methylation written by Anica Dricu and published by Inst za onkologiju i radiol. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alterations in the normal DNA methylation processes are known to have major consequences for embryonic development and are associated with congenital defects, autoimmunity, aging and malignant transformation. The main purpose of this book is to provide information about the importance of methylation mechanisms in human health and disease. The book, covers the basic mechanism of DNA and protein methylation, aiming at the advanced undergraduate and graduate biomedical students and researchers working in the epigenetic area. The textbook chapters provide background as well as advanced information in the methylation area. On the other hand, it provide readers with both classical and relevant recent discoveries that have been made in the field, pointing out pathways where questions remain.
Download or read book Investigation of Hallmark Epigenetic Changes in a Cancer Stem Cell Model written by L. Wild and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic control of gene expression is vital for normal development and differentiation of cells, and is also important in the development of disease. In particular, there is a strong association between hallmark epigenetic changes and cancer - namely, genome wide hypomethylation, gene specific hypermethylation and characteristic histone modification. Almost all studies of cancer epigenetics to date have been conducted in malignant tissues or already transformed cell lines, and therefore do not take into account epigenetic changes occurring during the process of transformation. Our lab has developed a line of primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSC; thought to be the origin of various types of sarcoma) in which five oncogenic steps towards a fully transformed state are sequentially introduced including: human telomerase, necessary to extend the life span of MSC in culture, genes to inactivate the p53 and pRb tumour suppressor genes and genes to activate the oncogenes c-Myc and Ras. I hypothesized that hallmark epigenetic changes take place in this step-wise model of transformation, and aimed to investigate genome wide hypomethylation and the activity of the polycomb repressive 2 (PRC2) complex in this system. Utilizing the PCR based technique MethyLight, I show that transformed MSC are hypomethylated compared to parental MSC, with this decrease in methylation occurring on the introduction of oncogenic H-Ras in the final step. I also show that this hypomethylation is a gradual event following H-Ras expression, and transformation can take place in the absence of hypomethylation. I demonstrate that the three core components of the PRC2 complex are up-regulated during step-wise transformation and that PRC2 target genes are down-regulated. Finally, I show that MSC are able to be transformed when the PRC2 components EZH2 and SUZ12 are knocked down before the final oncogenic hit. These studies show that hallmark epigenetic changes occur during step-wise transformation and suggest that tumour-associated epigenetic changes occur following genetic aberrations. This model is valuable and relevant to further explore the mechanisms behind epigenetic alterations in cancer.
