Download or read book Liquid Scintillation Alpha Spectrometry written by W. McDowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alpha liquid scintillation was developed to obtain accurate analytical determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides where no other methods were sufficiently accurate. With the present emphasis on clean-up of radiation contamination, alpha liquid scintillation has become an important tool in the determination of low concentrations of alpha-emitting nuclides. This book is the first to address the subject of alpha liquid scintillation in its entirety. It also examines how alpha spectrometry by liquid scintillation can be done without interference from beta/gamma radiation. Scientists interested in the analysis of alpha-emitting nuclides for environmental monitoring, remediation clean-up, accountability, and research will find this to be a valuable book.
Download or read book Alpha Counting and Spectrometry Using Liquid Scintillation Methods written by W. J. McDowell and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid Scintillation Alpha Counting and Spectrometry and Its Application to Bone and Tissue Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three methods for determination of alpha-emitting nuclides using liquid scintillation counting are compared, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Data showing the application of each method to the measurement of plutonium concentration in tissue and bone samples are presented. Counting with a commercial beta-liquid scintillation counter and an aqueous-phase-accepting scintillator is shown to be accurate only in cases where the alpha activity is high (several hundred counts/min or more), only gross alpha counting is desired, and beta-gamma emitters are known to be absent from the sample or present at low levels compared with the alpha activity. Counting with the same equipment and an aqueous immiscible scintillator containing an extractant for the nuclide of interest (extractive scintillator) is shown to allow better control of alpha peak shift due to quenching, a significant reduction of beta-gamma interference, and, usually, a low background. The desirability of using a multichannel pulse-height analyzer in the above two counting methods is stressed. The use of equipment and procedures designed for alpha liquid scintillation counting is shown to allow alpha spectrometry with an energy resolution capability of 200 to 300 keV full-peak-width-at-half-peak-height and a background of 0.3 to 1.0 counts/min, or as low as 0.01 counts/min if pulse-shape discrimination methods are used. Methods for preparing animal bone and tissue samples for assay are described.
Download or read book Liquid scintillation Alpha detection Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate, quantitative determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides by conventional plate-counting methods are difficult because of sample self-absorption problems in counting and because of non-reproducible losses in conventional sample separation methods. Liquid scintillation alpha spectrometry offers an attractive with no sample self-absorption or geometry problems and with 100% counting efficiency. Sample preparation may include extraction of the alpha emitter of interest by a specific organic-phase-soluble compound directly into the liquid scintillation counting medium. Detection electronics use energy and pulse-shape discrimination to yield alpha spectra without beta and gamma background interference. Specific procedures have been developed for gross alpha, uranium, plutonium, thorium, and polonium assay. Possibilities for a large number of other applications exist. Accuracy and reproducibility are typically in the 1% range. Backgrounds on the order of 0.01 cpm are readily achievable. The paper will present an overview of liquid scintillation alpha counting techniques and some of the results achieved for specific applications.
Download or read book Liquid Scintillation written by A. A. Noujaim and published by New York : Academic Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Scintillation: Science and Technology contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Liquid Scintillation: Science and Technology held on June 14-17, 1976 at the Banff Centre in Alberta, Canada. The book presents papers on the mechanisms of the liquid scintillation process; liquid scintillation alpha counting and spectrometry and its application to bone and tissue samples; and measurement by liquid scintillator of labelled compounds (3H or 14C) dropped onto supports. The text also includes papers on the heterogeneous counting on filter support media; liquid scintillation in ...
Download or read book Alpha Counting and Spectrometry Using Liquid Scintillation Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material in this report is intended to be a practical introduction and guide to the use of liquid scintillation for alpha counting and spectrometry. Other works devoted to the development of the theory of liquid scintillation exist and a minimum of such material is repeated here. Much remains to be learned and many improvements remain to be made in the use of liquid scintillation for alpha counting and spectrometry. It is hoped that this modest work will encourage others to continue development in the field.
Download or read book Alpha Counting and Spectrometry Using Liquid Scintillation Methods written by W. J. McDowell and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1986 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Combined Solvent extraction Liquid scintillation Method for Alpha Counting and Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alpha Counting and Spectometry Using Liquid Scintillation Methods written by W.J. Mc Dowell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid Scintillation Alpha Spectrometry written by Mr. W. Jack McDowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-10-13 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alpha liquid scintillation was developed to obtain accurate analytical determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides where no other methods were sufficiently accurate. With the present emphasis on clean-up of radiation contamination, alpha liquid scintillation has become an important tool in the determination of low concentrations of alpha-emitting nuclides. This book is the first to address the subject of alpha liquid scintillation in its entirety. It also examines how alpha spectrometry by liquid scintillation can be done without interference from beta/gamma radiation. Scientists interested in the analysis of alpha-emitting nuclides for environmental monitoring, remediation clean-up, accountability, and research will find this to be a valuable book.
Download or read book Liquid Scintillation Counting and Organic Scintillators written by Harley Ross and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-04-01 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 1989 international conference, this book is excellent coverage of new trends and established methods in the field of liquid scintillation counting and organic scintillators. Any scientist working with scintillators will find this book valuable.
Download or read book Alpha Particle Analysis Using PEARLS Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alpha particle assay by conventional plate-counting methods is difficult because chemical separation, tracer techniques, and/or self-absorption losses in the final sample may cause either non-reproducible results or create unacceptable errors. PEARLS (Photon-Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation) Spectrometry is an attractive alternative since radionuclides may be extracted into a scintillator in which there would be no self-absorption or geometry problems and in which up to 100% chemical recovery and counting efficiency is possible. Sample preparation may include extraction of the alpha emitter of interest by a specific organic-phase-soluble compound directly into the liquid scintillator. Detection electronics use energy and pulse-shape discrimination to provide discrete alpha spectra and virtual absence of beta and gamma backgrounds. Backgrounds on the order of 0.01 cpm are readily achievable. Accuracy and reproducibility are typically in the 100 +-1% range. Specific procedures have been developed for gross alpha, uranium, plutonium, thorium, and polonium assay. This paper will review liquid scintillation alpha counting methods and reference some of the specific applications. 8 refs., 1 fig.
Download or read book A Procedure for the Sequential Determination of Radionuclides in Environmental Samples written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alpha Liquid Scintillation Counting written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beta liquid scintillation counting has been used for about 30 years, and its effectiveness for alpha particles has been known for almost that long; however, the technique has not been widely applied to alpha particle detection because of poor energy resolution, high background, and variable interference from beta and gamma radiation. Beginning with the work of Horrocks in the early 1960s, improvements in energy resolution and background rejection have been made. Further developments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory over the past 10 to 12 years have resulted in improved methods of sample preparation (using liquid-liquid extraction methods to isolate the sample and introduce it into the scintillator) and better instrumentation, including electronic rejection of beta and gamma pulses. Energy resolutions of 200- to 300-keV FWHM and background counts of 0.01 cpm are now routine. Alpha liquid scintillation spectrometry is now suitable for a wide range of applications, from the accurate quantitative determination of relatively large amounts of known nuclides in laboratory-generated samples to the detection and identification of very small, subpicocurie amounts of alpha emitters in environmental-type samples. Suitable nuclide separation procedures, sample preparation methods, and instrument configurations are outlined for a variety of analyses.
Download or read book High Resolution Alpha Spectroscopy by Liquid Scintillation Techniques written by Edward G. Coombs and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Advanced in Alpha Spectrometry by Liquid Scintillation Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the ability to count alpha particles by liquid scintillation methods has been long recognized, limited use has been made of the method because of problems of high background and alpha energy identification. In recent years some new developments in methods of introducing the alpha-emitting nuclide to the scintillator, in detector construction, and in electronics for processing the energy analog and time analog signals from the detector have allowed significant alleviation of the problems of alpha spectrometry by liquid scintillation. Energy resolutions of 200 to 300 keV full peak width at half maximum and background counts of 0.01 counts/min with rejection with rejection of 99% of all beta plus gamma interference is now possible. Alpha liquid scintillation spectrometry is now suitable for a wide range of applications, from the accurate quantitative determination of relatively large amounts of known nuclides in laboratory-generated samples to the detection and identification of very small, subpicocurie amounts of alpha emitters in environmental-type samples. Suitable nuclide separation procedures, sample preparation methods, and instrument configurations are available for a variety of analyses.
Download or read book Gross Alpha beta Determination by Liquid Scintillation Counting written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is used to assay liquid samples for both gross alpha and gross beta (including tritium) activity in order to declare these samples clean.'' This method provides several advantages over traditional gross assay techniques including easy sample preparation, no sample self-absorption, short counting times, acceptable lower limits of detection (LLD's), and convenient sample disposal.
