Download or read book Agronomic Management of Field Pea Pisum Sativum L for N2 Fixation and Soil N Improvement written by G. E. J. O'Connor and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation of Pea Pisum Sativum L and Common Bean Phaselous Phaseolus Vulgaris L at Various Phosphorus Supply Levels written by Mai Mohammed Osman Deiab Ahmed and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Below Ground Contribution of Field Grown Pea Pisum Sativum L to the Soil N Pool written by Stéphanie Mahieu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to use grain legumes as a means of N acquisition in cropping systems, estimates of biological N2 fixation, N balances and the N benefit for following crops need to be improved. These estimates remain unclear, mainly because of difficulties in assessing below ground N (BGN = Root N + N rhizodeposition), especially N rhizodeposition. The aim of my Ph.D. was to adapt and refine a 15N labelling method to measure the amount of N derived from rhizodeposition by a pea and to design a protocol for field studies. Two methods (split-root and cotton-wick) and a variety of labelling conditions were tested in the field and in the greenhouse. In addition, effects of water stress, N availability and sources of N nutrition (nitrogen fixation or inorganic N uptake) on this process were investigated on different pea varieties and isolines. The labelling frequency and concentration of the labelling solution were shown to influence the assessment of N rhizodeposition. However, results obtained with both methods were reliable when plants were labelled continuously with a diluted labelling solution. The 15N cotton-wick technique was easier to adapt and monitor in the field than the split-root method and was chosen for further field studies. The results suggest that N source and water stress have no specific effect on the proportion of total plant N allocated to the below ground parts. In the field, rhizodeposition represented around 90% of the total plant N. This should be taken into account when estimating N benefits from biological N2 fixation by a grain legume crop and for the prediction of N economies for succeeding crops in legume-based cropping systems.
Download or read book The Pea Crop written by P. D. Hebblethwaite and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pea Crop: A Basis for Improvement documents the proceedings of the University of Nottingham 40th Easter School in Agricultural Science, held at the School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, 2-6 April 1984. The aim of the conference was to formulate a basis for improving the pea crop by bringing together international scientists to present research findings and review published work on a wide range of subject areas encompassing pea genetics, plant breeding, agronomy, crop and plant physiology, utilization, and marketing. This volume contains 42 papers organized into 10 parts. Part I discusses the production, research and development, and future prospects of the pea crop. The papers in Part II focus on the need to improve the pea crop. Part III examines the genetic aspects of improved pea crop production. Part IV deals with crop improvement techniques. The studies in Part V are devoted to the impact of the environment on crop growth. Part VI covers diseases, pests, and weed control while Part VII presents plant physiological studies. Part VIII takes up pea fruit and seed development. Part IX focuses on Rhizobium while Part X discusses the processing, marketing, and consumption of peas.
Download or read book The effect of sulfur deficiency in pea Pisum sativum on factors related to nitrogen fixation and on sulfate transporters written by Parisa Pourmoayyed and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur has a vital role in the plant life cycle. S deficiency reduces optimal yield and quality in legumes which lead to a reduction in nutritional value of food and feed. S deficiency also alters the symbiotic interaction between leguminous plants and soil nitrogen fixing bacteria which leads to a decline in N2 fixation rate. An efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in the nodule demands a strong nutrient exchange between plant and bacterial cells. The plant symbiotic sulfate transporter (SST) supports adequate S supply for full activity of nodules. In the present study, I investigated how different levels of S supply affect the protein and mRNA expression of genes related to N2 fixation in Pisum sativum. Moreover, different sulfate transporter genes were identified in pea and the functional analysis was performed for the symbiotic sulfate transporter from pea after expression in yeast double mutant. Growth retardation was observed in both weak and severe S deficient plants while severe S deficiency led to a significant decline in total biomass and shoot dry weight. Chlorosis and yellowish leaves in severe S deficient plant were observed as a consequence of a 43% decline in the chlorophyll content of young leaves in comparison with the control plants. Both weak and severe S deficiency reduced nodule formation. Thus, nodules appeared smaller and green with less leghemoglobin content in the S deficient groups. Relative transcript abundance of leghemoglobin genes (PsLb5 and PsLb120) did not change significantly under S deficiency conditions in the vegetative phase, thus confirming that expression of both genes is essential to create a low O2 concentration in young nodules. In contrast, severe S deficiency during the generative phase reduced expression of leghemoglobin at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the higher leghemoglobin content in the generative phase is indicative for a higher leghemoglobin demand of mature nodules to maintain a low O2 environment and to protect the nitrogenase for an effective SNF. Nitrogenase is encoded by the nifHDK gene cluster. Severe S deficiency reduced the relative transcript abundance of the β subunits (NifK gene) while expression of α subunits (NifD gene) was mostly unaffected. S deficiency conditions increased relative transcript abundance of ferredoxin to compensate the S limitation in the nodule. Furthermore, a higher level of ferredoxin expression in the generative phase compared to the vegetative phase might be accompanied by a more SNF activity in the generative phase. In contrast to the nodule, relative ferredoxin transcript abundance was reduced under severe S deficiency in the root and leaf tissues supporting sulfite reduction and NADP photo-reduction. Both severe and weak S deficiencies reduced the relative transcript abundance of ferredoxin in the young leaves more than the mature leaves because the mature leaves are the main site of sulfate storage and assimilation. Severe S deficiency reduced expression of the nodule-specific sulfate transporter (SST) in both vegetative and generative phase of plant life which confirms a disruption in sulfate transport in symbiosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of 14-full length sulfate transporter sequences from pea and other known sulfate transporters from the leguminous family revealed that they fall into five major groups. In conclusion, a reduced sulfate import into the nodule probably reduces the sulfate related metabolites and interrupts the expression and biosynthesis of nitrogenase, leghemoglobin and ferredoxin proteins and eventually leads to an interruption of SNF. Moreover, severe S deficiency could limit the S compounds and S containing amino acids essential for the synthesis of critical products such as chlorophyll, thus leading to a lower rate of photosynthesis and fewer energy sources for an efficient yield.
Download or read book Seed health in organic peas and faba beans and management approaches to improve pea production in organic rotations written by Muhammad Farhan Saeed and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2013-06-11 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peas (Pisum sativum L.) and faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) are important cool season legume crops, highly nutritious and used for soil fertility management in rotation systems for ecological N enrichment of fields. A survey of organic pea and faba bean seeds in organic agriculture from 2009 to 2012 indicates that seed-borne pathogens (Ascochyta blight complex and Fusarium spp.) are common but not high. The relationship between the seedlot infestation or environmental factors and infestation levels of the harvested seeds were weak pointing to the importance of soil-borne and potentially also wind borne inoculum. In past several cultural practices were studied singly and found partially effective. In this thesis the effects of a management approach combining biofumigation cover crops, mixed cropping and reduced tillage was tested for its effects on pea health under organic field conditions. Field trials were established twice on different fields with differencing in their soil types from 2009-2012. Different weather conditions also influenced the system performance. In both runs weeds were reduced by 50 % in the mixtures compared to the pure stands of peas. Reductions of pea yields due to reduced tillage were statistically significant in 2011 (29 %) but reduction was non significant in 2010 (21 %). Reductions due to mixing with oats were 30 % in 2010 and >50 % in 2011. Brassica cover crops had variable effects on yields and no differing effects on pea diseases. Nitrogen leftovers were low after all treatments. In 2010-11, wheat performed better after peas, but not in 2011-2012 in the overall better soil. Pea-oat intercropping at low seed rate with reduced tillage can be a useful tool to suppress weeds due to a more efficient use of available N resources and competition against weeds by oats. Reduced tillage with mixed cropping has no detrimental effects on pea root health but may reduce infestation of aphids. Conclusions about the effects of this system with reduced tillage should only be drawn from longer-term experiments, however, as it is known that major changes will occur in soils for several years after changing tillage practices. http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb11agrar/en/sections/oekologischer-pflanzenschutz/research/dissertationen.html
Download or read book Weed Management in Field Pea Pisum Sativum L written by Gadhiya Pritesh V and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulses are considered as life blood of agriculture because they occupy a unique position almost in all cropping systems as main, catch, cover, green manure, intercrop and its inclusion in crop rotation, thereby, kept the soil alive and productive. They enrich the soil fertility in terms of addition of organic matter and nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation through Rhizobia. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world, contributing around 25% of the total global production. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important popular pulse crop of India. Weeds are big constraints in crop production and responsible for heavy yield losses. It is well known fact that weeds are the biggest menace for crops. Herbicides used alone or in combination with other weed management techniques reduce weed crop competition and the risk of weeds growing unchecked in period of adverse weather or soil condition. Taking note of the facts highlighted above, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate integrated weed management practices in field pea.
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), the process by which gaseous N2 is converted into ammonia (NH3) via the enzyme nitrogenase, is crucial for the availability of nitrogen (N) in the terrestrial ecosystem. Some bacteria have the remarkable capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia under ambient conditions, a reaction only mimicked on an industrial scale by a chemical process. This microbiological process converts atmospheric nitrogen into a plant-usable form, thus decreasing the need to use chemical fertilizers in crop production. Chapters in this volume cover different aspects of this fantastic phenomenon, including biofertilizer, organic nitrogen in agricultural systems, nitrogen fertilization for sustainable crop production, and others. This book is designed for researchers, students and general readers.
Download or read book Agronomic Crops written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agronomic crops have been used to provide foods, beverages, fodders, fuels, medicines and industrial raw materials since the dawn of human civilization. Today, agronomic crops are being cultivated by employing scientific methods instead of traditional methods. However, in the current era of climate change, agronomic crops are subjected to various environmental stresses, which results in substantial yield loss. To meet the food demands of the ever-increasing global population, new technologies and management practices are being adopted to boost yield and maintain productivity under both normal and adverse conditions. Scientists are now exploring a variety of approaches to the sustainable production of agronomic crops, including varietal development, soil management, nutrient and water management, pest management, etc. Researchers have also made remarkable progress in developing stress tolerance in crops through different approaches. However, achieving optimal production to meet the increasing food demand is an open challenge. Although there have been numerous publications on the above-mentioned problems, and despite the extensive research being conducted on them, there is hardly any comprehensive book available. In response, this book offers a timely resource, addressing all aspects of production technologies, management practices and stress tolerance in agronomic crops in a single volume.
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Peas Pisum Sativum L Lupins Lupinus Angustifolius L and Lentils Lens Culinaris Med written by Lars Kelstrup and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture Volume 2 written by Eric Lichtfouse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 985 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then propose alternative solutions. It will therefore help all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians who wish to build a safe agriculture, energy and food system for future generations.
Download or read book Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics written by Pedro A. Sanchez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-awaited second edition of classic textbook, brought completely up to date, for courses on tropical soils, and reference for scientists and professionals.
Download or read book Nitrogen in Agriculture written by Khan Amanullah and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is the most yield-restraining nutrient in crop production globally. Efficient nitrogen management is one of the most important factor for improving nitrogen use efficiency, field crops productivity and profitability. Efficient use of nitrogen for crop production is therefore very important for increasing grain yield, maximizing economic return and minimizing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from the fields and nitrate (NO3) leaching to ground water. Integrated nitrogen management is a good strategy to improve plant growth, increase yield and yield components, grain quality and reduce environmental problems. Integrated nitrogen management (combined use of chemical + organic + bio-fertilizers) in field crop production is more resilient to climate change.
Download or read book Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Crops written by G. Kalloo and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic improvement has played a vital role in enhancing the yield potential of vegetable crops. There are numerous vegetable crops grown worldwide and variable degrees of research on genetics, breeding and biotechnology have been conducted on these crops. This book brings together the results of such research on crops grouped as alliums, crucifers, cucurbits, leaf crops, tropical underground and miscellaneous. Written by eminent specialists, each chapter concentrates on one crop and covers cytology, genetics, breeding objectives, germplasm resources, reproductive biology, selection breeding methods, heterosis and hybrid seed production, quality and processing attributes and technology. This unique collection will be of great value to students, scientists and vegetable breeders as it provides a reference guide on genetics, breeding and biotechnology of a wide range of vegetable crops.
Download or read book Management of Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the Development of More Productive and Sustainable Agricultural Systems written by J.K. Ladha and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1995-09-30 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprinted from Plant and Soil, v.174, nos.1-2 (1995), this volume is devoted to discussions on the role of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in agricultural sustainability. Papers presented on BNF in crop forage and tree legumes are augmented with discussion of integrated farming systems involving BNF, soil and N management, and recycling of legume residues. BNF by non-legumes is discussed and attempts to transform cereals into nodulating plants are critically reviewed. Also described are advances in the development of new methodologies to understand symbiotic interactions and to assess N-2 fixation in the field; means of enhancing BNF through plant and soil management; breeding and selection; problems encountered in exploiting BNF under farmers' field conditions; and promising approaches to improve BNF exploitation. Lacks a subject index. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Management of Nitrogen Symbiosis and Plant Nitrogen Nutrition of Field Pea Pisum Sativum and Chickpea Cicer Arietinum with Spectral Reflectance written by Jody Todd McConnell and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Soil Science written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 2804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Improved Global Edition: Three-Volume Set A ready reference addressing a multitude of soil and soil management concerns, the highly anticipated and widely expanded third edition of Encyclopedia of Soil Science now spans three volumes and covers ground on a global scale. A definitive guide designed for both coursework and self-study, this latest version describes every branch of soil science and delves into trans-disciplinary issues that focus on inter-connectivity or the nexus approach. For Soil Scientists, Crop Scientists, Plant Scientists and More A host of contributors from around the world weigh in on underlying themes relevant to natural and agricultural ecosystems. Factoring in a rapidly changing climate and a vastly growing population, they sound off on topics that include soil degradation, climate change, soil carbon sequestration, food and nutritional security, hidden hunger, water quality, non-point source pollution, micronutrients, and elemental transformations. New in the Third Edition: Contains over 600 entries Offers global geographical and thematic coverage Entries peer reviewed by subject experts Addresses current issues of global significance Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition: Three Volume Set expertly explains the science of soil and describes the material in terms that are easily accessible to researchers, students, academicians, policy makers, and laymen alike. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
