Download or read book Age Related Changes in Structure and Biomechanics of Human Sartorius Tendon Collagen written by Sara Sparavalo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injuries to soft tissues such as tendons affect millions of people annually. Injuries produced by in vitro mechanical overload result in damage to constituent collagen. Using bovine models, it has been found that damage to tendon results in serial kink formation within collagen fibrils in low-load tendons - a mechanism called discrete plasticity. Injuries to soft tissues such as tendons affect millions of people annually. Injuries produced by in vitro mechanical overload result in damage to constituent collagen. Using bovine models, it has been found that overload results in serial kink formation within collagen fibrils in low-load tendons -- a mechanism called discrete plasticity. Despite the prevalence of injury and our aging population, the exact mechanism behind the failure of collagen in aging human tendons has not been investigated until now. In this study, fresh contralateral human sartorius tendons from donors aged 20 to 60 were used to assess potential age-related changes in failure mechanics. Thermal stability of tendon collagen was examined and was expected to increase with age due to increased crosslinking. Damage motifs were investigated following tendon rupture using scanning electron microscopy. It was thought that discrete plasticity kinks would form following rupture in younger samples, but that the mechanism would dissipate with age. The thermal stability results suggest that there is a high density of mature crosslinks present. The exact relationship between crosslinking and age remains inconclusive. Despite these structural changes, the mechanical properties did not change with age. Discrete plasticity was not found in any tendon sample, likely due to heavy crosslinking. Individual fibrils displayed sites of local damage with exposed substructure, and kinks/turns that propagated across fibrils. These failure motifs along with the thermal stability test results support the notion that discrete plasticity is a feature of tendons that are sparsely crosslinked. This study was the first to examine how the nanoscaled, structuro-mechanical features of overload failure in human tendons varies with age. As we increase our understanding of the effect of tendon type and age on damage motifs, we will also better understand how injury occurs on the nanoscale and how healing is mediated in the body.
Download or read book Age Sex and Diabetes Determined Changes in the Structure and Mechanics of Human Sartorius Tendon Collagen written by Emile Feniyanos and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an age where men and women are remaining physically active into the geriatric years, age-related changes in soft tissue injuries and healing are becoming more important to clinical care. Differences in structure and function of human tendons with aging, sex, and diabetes are poorly understood, despite reported differences in the frequencies of specific tendon injuries. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate whether variations occur in (i) molecular-level structure, (ii) multi-fascicle level mechanics and (iii) ultrastructural failure mechanisms in the human sartorius tendon that are determined by tissue bank donor age, sex and diabetic status. Human sartorius tendons were collected from the NSHA Regional Tissue Bank (Halifax, N.S) from donors ranging in age from 16-56 (female, non-diabetic only) and 24-60 (male, non-diabetic or diabetic). Blinded donor information included height, weight and diabetic status. To assess molecular-level changes in structure, hydrothermal isometric tension (HIT) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The mechanics of the sartorius tendon multi-fascicle subsamples were assessed using uniaxial tensile overload testing to rupture. After rupture, tendon collagen ultrastructure was examined using SEM and compared with undamaged samples. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed on fixed tendon samples (from predominantly male diabetic and non-diabetic donors) to identify changes in (i) collagen crimp, (ii) cell nuclei content and (iii) pentosidine epitope concentration with aging and diabetes. Results demonstrated that the sartorius tendon collagen is highly crosslinked, from early adulthood through early geriatric life. Under overload to rupture, this crosslinking results in high energy, sequential elastic rupture of individual tendon fascicles. Ultrastructural studies with SEM revealed fibril-level failure mechanisms consistent with elastic recoil (twisting, balling and knotting), hairpin turns, and local failure and complete breakage of isolated and neighboring fibrils - but with an absence of serial discrete plasticity kinking observed in other species. Fascicle mechanical properties were largely maintained with age. Thermal stability and heterogeneity of collagen decreased modestly with age under HIT and DSC. In the non-diabetic donors, tendon samples from female donors were 25% weaker, 38% less tough and 16% less extensible than those from non-diabetic male donors. In males, diabetic tendon samples were 37% less tough and 20% less extensible than normal tendons, yet modulus and strength remained unchanged. A slight increase in collagen denaturation temperature was observed with diabetes, likely due in part to accumulation of advanced glycation product crosslinks. The combination of aging and diabetes qualitatively increased collagen crimp length, decreased cell nuclei numbers and increased pentosidine epitope concentration. The human sartorius tendon is a highly crosslinked structure that remains relatively unchanged with age, sex and diabetes, sacrificing the toughness mechanism discrete plasticity for molecular stability and elastic mechanical strength. This stability of structure with age is belied by the surprisingly high cellular density which is partially retained into early geriatric life. This study has contributed to advancing modern knowledge of tendon structure-function relations, with potential future applications in treatment of soft tissue injuries and engineering of tendon or ligament replacements.
Download or read book Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement written by Joseph Hamill and published by LWW. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the quantitative nature of biomechanics, this book integrates current literature, meaningful numerical examples, relevant applications, hands-on exercises, and functional anatomy, physics, calculus, and physiology to help students - regardless of their mathematical background - understand the full continuum of human movement potential.
Download or read book Postgraduate Orthopaedics written by Paul A. Banaszkiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have book for candidates preparing for the oral component of the FRCS (Tr and Orth).
Download or read book Kinesiology written by Carol A. Oatis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of Kinesiology: The Mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement relates the most current understanding of anatomy and mechanics with clinical practice concerns. Featuring seven chapters devoted to biomechanics, straightforward writing, and over 900 beautiful illustrations, the text provides you with detailed coverage of the structure, function, and kinesiology of each body region. You will gain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the quality of movement and overall human health. Special features include: New DVD containing about 150 videos provides dynamic examples of clinical demonstrations, principle illustrations, and lab activities. This powerful resource explores patient function, dysfunction, and injury for greater comprehension. Clinical Relevance Boxes reinforce the relationship of biomechanical principles to patient care through real-life case studies. Muscle Attachment Boxes provide easily accessed anatomical information and tips on muscle palpation Examining the Forces Boxes highlight the advanced mathematical concepts used to determine forces on joint structure. Evidence-based presentations deliver the most current literature and essential classic studies for your understanding of musculoskeletal structure and function. Whether you are a student or practitioner in the field of physical therapy, occupational therapy, or exercise science, this comprehensive book serves as an excellent resource for best practice techniques.
Download or read book Biomechanics of Soft Tissue in Cardiovascular Systems written by Gerhard A. Holzapfel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-04 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is written by leading experts in the field presenting an up-to-date view of the subject matter in a didactically sound manner. It presents a review of the current knowledge of the behaviour of soft tissues in the cardiovascular system under mechanical loads, and the importance of constitutive laws in understanding the underlying mechanics is highlighted. Cells are also described together with arteries, tendons and ligaments, heart, and other biological tissues of current research interest in biomechanics. This includes experimental, continuum mechanical and computational perspectives, with the emphasis on nonlinear behaviour, and the simulation of mechanical procedures such as balloon angioplasty.
Download or read book Introduction to Sports Biomechanics written by Roger Bartlett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-04-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles written by Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richly illustrated and presented in clear, concise language, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is an essential resource for those seeking advanced knowledge of muscle biomechanics. Written by leading experts Vladimir Zatsiorsky and Boris Prilutsky, the text is one of the few to look at muscle biomechanics in its entirety—from muscle fibers to muscle coordination—making it a unique contribution to the field. Using a blend of experimental evidence and mechanical models, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. The book first addresses the mechanical behavior of single muscles—from the sarcomere level up to the entire muscle. The architecture of human muscle, the mechanical properties of tendons and passive muscles, the biomechanics of active muscles, and the force transmission and shock absorption aspects of muscle are explored in detail. Next, the various issues of muscle functioning during human motion are addressed. The transformation from muscle force to joint movements, two-joint muscle function, eccentric muscle action, and muscle coordination are analyzed. This advanced text assumes some knowledge of algebra and calculus; however, the emphasis is on understanding physical concepts. Higher-level computational descriptions are placed in special sections in the later chapters of the book, allowing those with a strong mathematical background to explore this material in more detail. Readers who choose to skip over these sections will find that the book still provides a strong conceptual understanding of advanced topics. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles also contains numerous special features that facilitate readers’ comprehension of the topics presented. More than 300 illustrations and accompanying explanations provide an extensive visual representation of muscle biomechanics. Refresher sidebars offer brief reminders of mathematical and biomechanical concepts, and From the Literature sidebars present practical examples that illustrate the concepts under discussion. Chapter summaries and review questions provide an opportunity for reflection and self-testing, and reference lists at the end of each chapter provide a starting point for further study. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles offers a thorough explanation of whole muscle biomechanics, bridging the gap between foundational biomechanics texts and scientific literature. With the information found in this text, readers can prepare themselves to better understand the latest in cutting-edge research. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is the third volume in the Biomechanics of Human Motion series. Advanced readers in human movement science gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of human motion as presented by one of the world’s foremost researchers on the subject, Dr. Vladimir Zatsiorsky. The series begins with Kinematics of Human Motion, which details human body positioning and movement in three dimensions; continues with Kinetics of Human Motion, which examines the forces that create body motion and their effects; and concludes with Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles, which explains the action of the biological motors that exert force and produce mechanical work during human movement.
Download or read book Biomechanics written by Y. C. Fung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The motivation for writing aseries ofbooks on biomechanics is to bring this rapidly developing subject to students of bioengineering, physiology, and mechanics. In the last decade biomechanics has become a recognized disci pline offered in virtually all universities. Yet there is no adequate textbook for instruction; neither is there a treatise with sufficiently broad coverage. A few books bearing the title of biomechanics are too elementary, others are too specialized. I have long feIt a need for a set of books that will inform students of the physiological and medical applications of biomechanics, and at the same time develop their training in mechanics. We cannot assume that all students come to biomechanics already fully trained in fluid and solid mechanics; their knowledge in these subjects has to be developed as the course proceeds. The scheme adopted in the present series is as follows. First, some basic training in mechanics, to a level about equivalent to the first seven chapters of the author's A First Course in Continuum Mechanics (Prentice-Hall,lnc. 1977), is assumed. We then present some essential parts of biomechanics from the point of view of bioengineering, physiology, and medical applications. In the meantime, mechanics is developed through a sequence of problems and examples. The main text reads like physiology, while the exercises are planned like a mechanics textbook. The instructor may fil1 a dual role: teaching an essential branch of life science, and gradually developing the student's knowledge in mechanics.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Biomechanics written by Duane Knudson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Biomechanics introduces the exciting world of how human movement is created and how it can be improved. Teachers, coaches and physical therapists all use biomechanics to help people improve movement and decrease the risk of injury. The book presents a comprehensive review of the major concepts of biomechanics and summarizes them in nine principles of biomechanics. Fundamentals of Biomechanics concludes by showing how these principles can be used by movement professionals to improve human movement. Specific case studies are presented in physical education, coaching, strength and conditioning, and sports medicine.
Download or read book Living Anatomy written by Robert Marshall and published by Melbourne University. This book was released on 2001 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Living Anatomy is a sound introduction to the subject of human anatomy. It is concerned with fundamental principles, and it does a fine job of combining the theoretical with the practical. It is geared to the needs of students of medicine, science, physiotherapy and related disciplines. Two things set this book apart. The first is the author's passionate conviction, after long experience as a practising general surgeon, that to understand how the body is constructed we must look at how it works--that structure is the mirror of function. The second is the remarkable skill with which he has brought his subject to life. He writes with exceptional clarity and engagement, and his hand-drawn illustrations are more than functional; they are beautiful. Living Anatomy transcends the confines of a textbook and the practical requirements of students and of practising physicians and surgeons. Anyone with an interest in how the human body works will find it fascinating.
Download or read book Cardiovascular Soft Tissue Mechanics written by Stephen C. Cowin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cowin (New York Center for Biomedical Engineering) and Humphrey (biomedical engineering, Texas A&M U.) present seven papers that discuss current research and future directions. Topics concern tissues within the cardiovascular system (arteries, the heart, and biaxial testing of planar tissues such as heart valves). Themes include an emphasis on data on the underlying microstructure, especially collagen; the consideration of the fact that both arteries and the heart contain muscle and that there is, therefore, a need to quantify both the active and passive response; constitutive relations for active behavior; and the growth and remodeling of cardiovascular tissues. Of interest to cardiovascular and biomechanics soft tissue researchers, and bioengineers. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Biomechanics in Sport Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention written by Vladimir Zatsiorsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanics in Sport is a unique reference text prepared by the leading world experts in sport biomechanics. Over thirty chapters cover a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from muscle mechanics to injury prevention, and from aerial movement to wheelchair sport. The biomechanics of sports including running, skating, skiing, swimming, jumping in athletics, figure skating, ski jumping, diving, javelin and hammer throwing, shot putting, and striking movements are all explained.
Download or read book Multiple Muscle Systems written by Jack M. Winters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The picture on the front cover of this book depicts a young man pulling a fishnet, a task of practical relevance for many centuries. It is a complex task, involving load transmission throughout the body, intricate balance, and eye head-hand coordination. The quest toward understanding how we perform such tasks with skill and grace, often in the presence of unpredictable pertur bations, has a long history. However, despite a history of magnificent sculptures and drawings of the human body which vividly depict muscle ac tivity and interaction, until more recent times our state of knowledge of human movement was rather primitive. During the past century this has changed; we now have developed a considerable database regarding the com position and basic properties of muscle and nerve tissue and the basic causal relations between neural function and biomechanical movement. Over the last few decades we have also seen an increased appreciation of the impor tance of musculoskeletal biomechanics: the neuromotor system must control movement within a world governed by mechanical laws. We have now col lected quantitative data for a wealth of human movements. Our capacity to understand the data we collect has been enhanced by our continually evolving modeling capabilities and by the availability of computational power. What have we learned? This book is designed to help synthesize our current knowledge regarding the role of muscles in human movement. The study of human movement is not a mature discipline.
Download or read book Introductory Biomechanics written by C. Ross Ethier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory Biomechanics is a new, integrated text written specifically for engineering students. It provides a broad overview of this important branch of the rapidly growing field of bioengineering. A wide selection of topics is presented, ranging from the mechanics of single cells to the dynamics of human movement. No prior biological knowledge is assumed and in each chapter, the relevant anatomy and physiology are first described. The biological system is then analyzed from a mechanical viewpoint by reducing it to its essential elements, using the laws of mechanics and then tying mechanical insights back to biological function. This integrated approach provides students with a deeper understanding of both the mechanics and the biology than from qualitative study alone. The text is supported by a wealth of illustrations, tables and examples, a large selection of suitable problems and hundreds of current references, making it an essential textbook for any biomechanics course.
Download or read book The Lumbar Spine written by Harry N. Herkowitz and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The official publication of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, this volume is the most authoritative and up-to-date reference on the lumbar spine. This edition provides more balance between basic science and clinical material and has been completely reorganized for easy reference. New chapters cover gene therapy, outcomes assessment, and alternatives to traditional nonoperative treatment. The editors have also added chapters on preparation for surgery, surgical approaches, spinal instrumentation, and bone grafts. Chapters on specific disorders have a consistent structure—definition, natural history, physical examination, imaging, nonoperative treatment, operative treatment, postoperative management, results of surgery, and complications.
Download or read book Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations written by Frank R. Noyes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wealth of information provided in this unique text will enable orthopedic surgeons, medical practitioners, physical therapists, and trainers to ensure that athletes who suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, or who require major knee operations for other reasons, have the best possible chance of safely resuming sporting activity at their desired level without subsequent problems. Divided into seven thematic sections, the coverage is wide-ranging and encompasses common barriers to return to sport, return to sport decision-based models, and the complete spectrum of optimal treatment for ACL injuries, including preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation. Advanced training concepts are explained in detail, with description of sports-specific programs for soccer, basketball, and tennis. Readers will find detailed guidance on objective testing for muscle strength, neuromuscular function, neurocognitive function, and cardiovascular fitness, as well as validated assessments to identify and manage psychological issues. In addition, return to sport considerations after meniscus surgery, patellofemoral realignment, articular cartilage procedures, and knee arthroplasty are discussed. Generously illustrated and heavily referenced, Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations is a comprehensive resource for all medical professionals and support staff working with athletes and active patients looking to get back in the game with confidence.
