Download or read book Age and Thinning Effects on Wood Properties of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg written by Michael P. Wolcott and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten overstory red spruce were selected from a thinned stand and 10 from an unthinned stand. Average age of sample trees was approximately 80 years. Specific gravity reached a maximum at age 53 in the thinned stand and age 72 in the unthinned stand, after which it remained relatively constant. Stiffness reached a maximum at ages 35 and 50, and bending strength at ages 41 and 54; both remained relatively constant with further increases in age. Stiffness showed the largest relative difference between juvenile and mature wood, 22%, and specific gravity the smallest difference, 8%. Thinning did not adversely affect any of the properties, even though the width of some growth rings was increased by three to four times. These results suggest that (1) growth of mature red spruce stands can be increased by thinning without affecting wood physical properties, and (2) intensive management practices designed to shorten the rotation age may lead to stands that have not begun to produce mature wood before they are harvested. These short-rotation stands will contain a higher percentage of juvenile wood than stands presently being harvested, which means that pulp yields will decrease and the material will be less suitable for structural lumber.
Download or read book Response of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg to Nitrogen Fertilization as Affected by Soil Thinning and Application Rate written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Forest Stand Thinning and Wood Age on Selected Characteristics of Red Spruce Wood written by Donna A. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Red Spruce written by Louis Sutliffe Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Chemical Properties of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg on Three Soils in North central Maine written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth trends in pruned red spruce trees written by Barton M. Blum and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analyses of Great Smoky Mountain Red Spruce Tree Ring Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg Three Years After Fertilization written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fifth year Results from the Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg Fertilization Study written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decline and Mortality of Red Spruce in West Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stand Basal area and Tree diameter Growth in Red Spruce fir Forests in Maine 1960 80 written by Stanley J. Zarnoch and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2Stand basal area change and individual surviving red spruce d.b.h. growth from 1960 to 1980 were analyzed for red spruce-fir stands in Maine. Regression modeling was used to relate these measures of growth to stand and tree conditions and to compare growth throughout the period. Results indicate a decline in growth. The regression models helped identify trends and relationships but were not useful for predicting growth due to the tremendous amount of variability in the growth of red spruce-fir stands. S3.
Download or read book An Assessment of Internal Decay of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg Using the Shigometer written by B. Manyazawale and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Fertilization on Stem Form of Dominant and Codominant Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg at Two Locations in Maine written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Symptomatology Trend of Tree Condition of Red Spruce Balsam Fir written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response to Fertilization of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg in Northern Maine written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Responses of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg and Its Associated Forest Community Along Elevational Gradients in the Northeastern United States written by Brittany Verrico and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The composition of forest communities and the distributions of individual tree species are both strongly tied to climatic conditions through species-specific physiological tolerances to the abiotic environment. As a result, spatial and temporal variation in climate, both natural and anthropogenically induced, exert strong influence on tree species distributions and their adaptations to local conditions. In order for trees, which are sessile, to persist in a rapidly changing environment, genetic variation and/or phenotypic plasticity must be maintained to facilitate adaptive evolution. While strong local adaptation to current climate has been reported for trees sampled across broad spatial landscapes (e.g., latitude), few studies have investigated microgeographic adaptation, or adaptation occurring within the dispersal neighborhood, despite the common occurrence of tree populations distributed across steep fine-scale environmental gradients (e.g., elevation). Understanding the spatial scale of local adaptation and the capacity for adaptive evolution is a key issue under ongoing climate change, as many forest tree species become exposed to climate conditions outside of their current adaptive optima. In this dissertation, I used multidisciplinary approaches to investigate how climate shapes biodiversity across and within forest tree species. I utilized a long-term forest tree inventory dataset to examine how species composition along an elevational climate gradient in the northeastern United States has responded to anthropogenic environmental change. I found that complex species-specific responses have led to an overall reduction in beta diversity in recent years, yielding a more homogeneous community, with the combined effects of sulphate deposition and warming temperatures being the two main drivers of this change. To assess how intraspecific diversity responds to this elevational climate gradient, I focused on red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), a coniferous tree abundant in high elevation spruce-fir forests of Vermont and other cool, mountainous locales throughout eastern North America. Utilizing population genetic techniques, I found limited genetic structure in red spruce populations along elevational gradients, pointing to extensive gene flow. However, divergent selection between elevations has been strong enough to overcome high gene flow, allowing for local climatic adaptation in quantitative traits such as bud phenology and cold tolerance. Finally, I established a common garden study replicated along an elevational gradient of planting sites to test the spatial scale at which local adaptation to climate and phenotypic plasticity occurs and quantified genetic variation for these processes. Significant heritable genetic variation was found for both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in families collected from fine- and broad-spatial scales for bud phenology and growth-related traits. Using the transfer distance between family source and planting site climates to predict the response of functional traits, I found strong evidence of local adaptation to source climate shaping bud phenology traits among broad-scale families yet impacts of transfer distance on overall early-life fitness were weak at both spatial scales. The magnitude of performance and bud phenology plasticity was similar between spatial scales, and plasticity in phenology traits (from either scale) did not confer a performance advantage. Altogether, this work advances our understanding of how climate influences both the forest and the trees, at timescales spanning decades, and at spatial scales from hundreds of kilometers to the bottom versus the top of the same mountain. Understanding the drivers of forest community structure and the evolutionary mechanisms that trees can implement to counter the effects of a rapidly changing environment are imperative to help predict species responses to future climatic and environmental change.
