Download or read book AFTOX 4 0 the Air Force Toxic Chemical Dispersion Model written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accidental release of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere is an ongoing concern. Not only for the Air Force, but for any group working with hazardous materials. To evaluate the extent of the hazard area resulting from the atmospheric dispersion of the toxic vapors. The computer model AFTOX, was developed and approved for use by the Air Weather Service in 1988. AFTOX is a Gaussian puff dispersion model for uniform terrain and wind conditions. It will handle continuous or instantaneous releases, liquid or gas, elevated or surface releases from a point or area source. AFTOX 14.0 represents an upgraded version based on comments from the users after operating the model for two years in the field. The changes makes the program more user-friendly and improve it technically. This report includes a complete technical description and instructions on the use of the model. Example runs are provided in the appendix.

Download or read book AFTOX 4 0 the Air Force Toxic Chemical Dispersion Model written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book User s Guide for the Air Force Toxic Chemical Dispersion Model AFTOX written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book User s Guide for the Air Force Chemical Dispersion Model AFTOX written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Attempt to Estimate Measurement Uncertainty in the Air Force Toxic Chemical Dispersion AFTOX Model written by Mark D. Zettlemoyer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of an Atmospheric Diffusion Model for Toxic Chemical Releases written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Evaluation of the Ocean Breeze Dry Gulch Dispersion Model written by Bruce A. Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ocean Breeze-Dry Gulch (OB/DG) atmospheric dispersion model is used extensively by the USAF Air Weather Service for predicting the hazard zone resulting from an accidental toxic chemical spill. This model is an empirical and statistical model derived from the Ocean Breeze, Dry Gulch, and Prairie Grass experiments conducted in the late 50's and early 60's. the USAF Scientific Advisory Board recently recommended that the OB/DG model be replaced with a current state-of-the-art dispersion model. This report represents the first step toward evaluating the OB/DG model and finding a suitable replacement. The hazard distances computed from the OB/DG model for different meteorological conditions are compared with the hazard distances calculated with the Shell Oil co. SPILLS model and a modified version of the model. In the modified Shell model, the discrete Pasquill stability categories are replaced with a continuous stability parameter, and surface roughness is included as a factor in defining the rate of cloud growth. The OB/DG model agrees quite favorably with the modified Shell model except at low wind speeds where it predicts considerably lower distances. The Shell model calculates generally larger distances and much greater fluctuations with wind speed, and therefore does not agree as well with the OB/DG model. The similarity in output between the modified Shell model and the OB/DG model lends support to further consideration of this model as a possible replacement to the OB/DG model.

Download or read book Development of Hybrid Model for Assessing Concentrations of Toxic Effluent at Air Force Installations Phase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this evaluation was to develop a hybrid modeling approach to toxic vapor diffusion modeling in the vicinity of buildings or structures which influence plume behavior. The hybrid approach combines the use of physical (wind-tunnel) and computer modeling in order to improve the site-specific performance of gaussian puff and box-type hazard response models by accounting for pollutant trapping, redirection, and dispersion enhancement caused by the presence of structures. The documented project included reviewing the capability of wind-tunnel modeling to simulate nearfield dispersion, conducting wind-tunnel tests for a sample Air Force base environment, assessing limitations of the current AFTOX and SLAB models for treating dispersion in the vicinity of obstacles, development of a sample hybrid model, and suggesting a methodology for generalized application of hybrid modeling at any Air Force installation. (AN).

Download or read book Effects of Structures on Toxic Vapor Dispersion written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently available toxic vapor dispersion models at Air Force facilities do not adequately include the effects of structures on the rate of dispersion. Some relevant models and data sets are available in the literature as a result of research by other organizations. This literature was reviewed and an assessment made of the feasibility of producing a viable modeling system. It is found that increases in concentrations due to the confining effects of structures are significant relative to overall dispersion model uncertainty. A framework for a microcomputer-based modeling system is proposed that accounts for aerodynamic effects around one building or groups of structures, including downwash vapor and vapor trapping. Both neutrally-buoyant and dense gas cases are considered, and the model is constructed such that it is capable of a smooth transition to other dispersion models at downwind distances where the effects of the structures become significant.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geothermal Training in Iceland written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Source Characterization and Heavy Gas Dispersion Models for Reactive Chemicals written by Phani K. Raj and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Air Force and other agencies which handle, store and transport chemicals, fuels and oxidizers are interested in determining the potential area of hazard posed by the dispersion of vapors generated by accidental spills. This report describes the mathematical models developed to described a variety of source types and the dispersion of vapor clouds/plumes in the atmosphere. Sixteen different source types are modeled including pressurized liquid releases, flashing and aerosol formation, two phase jet releases, explosive releases and releases of high vapor pressure liquids, cryogenic liquids and gases. Dispersion model takes into account the differences in source characteristics, high-than-air density of clouds (due to aerosol presence, temperature or molecular weight). Reactions of the chemicals, if any, .th water vapor in the air are modeled and considered in the dispersion model. Transition from heavy gas dispersion to near neutral density dispersion is modeled without abrupt changes in size or discontinuity in concentrations. Keywords: Heavy gas, Dispersion, Mathematical model, Reaction, Source models, Concentration contours.

Download or read book A User s Manual for ADAM Air Force Dispersion Assessment Model written by Cynthia A. Mullett and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Evaluation of Diagnostic Atmospheric Dispersion Models for cold Spill Applications at Vandenberg Air Force Base California written by Ray F. Kamada and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six diagnostic atmospheric dispersion modeling groups: NUATMOS/ CITPUFF, CALMET/CALPUFF PGEMS, WOCSS/MACHWIND/Adaptive plume, and LINCOM/ RIMPUFF/HEAVYPUFF are evaluated for use in specifying toxic hazard corridors for rocket propellent and oxidizer cold spills at Vandenberg AFB. Other models are also considered briefly. Physical assumptions, speed, cost, availability, ease of use, compatibility with existing risk assessment systems, validation, data requirements, and Vandenberg suitability are discussed. Underlying physical basis and modeling technique are emphasized. Dispersion models consist of separable windflow and dispersion sub-models. A MACHWIND/LINCOM windflow tandem with ADPIC, RIMPUFF, or CALPUFF diffusion may provide the most robust diagnostic modeling suite. A cost/benefit analysis of computer hardware and modeling accuracy is given ... Atmospheric dispersion models, Diagnostic mesoscale, Wind flow models, Puff diffusion models, Emergency response, Toxic hazard corridors.

Download or read book An Evaluation of Diagnostic Atmospheric Dispersion Models for cold Spill Applications at Vandenberg Air Force Base California written by Ray F. Kamada and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six diagnostic atmospheric dispersion modeling groups: NUATMOS/ CITPUFF, CALMET/CALPUFF PGEMS, WOCSS/MACHWIND/Adaptive plume, and LINCOM/ RIMPUFF/HEAVYPUFF are evaluated for use in specifying toxic hazard corridors for rocket propellent and oxidizer cold spills at Vandenberg AFB. Other models are also considered briefly. Physical assumptions, speed, cost, availability, ease of use, compatibility with existing risk assessment systems, validation, data requirements, and Vandenberg suitability are discussed. Underlying physical basis and modeling technique are emphasized. Dispersion models consist of separable windflow and dispersion sub-models. A MACHWIND/LINCOM windflow tandem with ADPIC, RIMPUFF, or CALPUFF diffusion may provide the most robust diagnostic modeling suite. A cost/benefit analysis of computer hardware and modeling accuracy is given ... Atmospheric dispersion models, Diagnostic mesoscale, Wind flow models, Puff diffusion models, Emergency response, Toxic hazard corridors.