Download or read book African Cherokees in Indian Territory written by Celia E. Naylor and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forcibly removed from their homes in the late 1830s, Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw Indians brought their African-descended slaves with them along the Trail of Tears and resettled in Indian Territory, present-day Oklahoma. Celia E. Naylor vividly charts the experiences of enslaved and free African Cherokees from the Trail of Tears to Oklahoma's entry into the Union in 1907. Carefully extracting the voices of former slaves from interviews and mining a range of sources in Oklahoma, she creates an engaging narrative of the composite lives of African Cherokees. Naylor explores how slaves connected with Indian communities not only through Indian customs--language, clothing, and food--but also through bonds of kinship. Examining this intricate and emotionally charged history, Naylor demonstrates that the "red over black" relationship was no more benign than "white over black." She presents new angles to traditional understandings of slave resistance and counters previous romanticized ideas of slavery in the Cherokee Nation. She also challenges contemporary racial and cultural conceptions of African-descended people in the United States. Naylor reveals how black Cherokee identities evolved reflecting complex notions about race, culture, "blood," kinship, and nationality. Indeed, Cherokee freedpeople's struggle for recognition and equal rights that began in the nineteenth century continues even today in Oklahoma.
Download or read book African Cherokees in Indian Territory written by Celia E. Naylor and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forcibly removed from their homes in the late 1830s, Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw Indians brought their African-descended slaves with them along the Trail of Tears and resettled in Indian Territory, present-day Oklahoma. Celia E. Naylor vividly
Download or read book African Cherokees in Indian Territory written by Celia E. Naylor and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Cherokees in Indian Territory: From Chattel to Citizens
Download or read book African Americans and Native Americans in the Cherokee and Creek Nations 1830s 1920s written by Katja May and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illuminating the historical development of race relations from African American, Cherokee, and Muskeg (Creek) points of views, this book weaves a rich tapestry from oral history accounts, manuscript census schedules, and ethnohistorical literature. The Cherokee and Creek tribes were two of the largest in the Southeast and their forcible removal to Indian Territory affected tens of thousands of Africans and Native Americans This innovative study describes Creek and Cherokee social organization and culture change in the early 19th century, uses oral accounts to examine the impact of Removal on black-Indian relations, and analyzes Creek-black Indian political alliances during the Green Peach War and the anti-allotment Crazy Snake Uprising. Two chapters contain analyses of samples from federal manuscript census schedules of 1900 and 1910, describing demographics, intermarriage patterns, and education The study also links African American and European American immigration to race relations in Creek and Cherokee history between 1880 and 1920, consulting many sources that have not been used before. The comparison between the neighboring Cherokees and Creeks in the Indian Territory shows different approaches to similar problems, documenting culture change that affected the two societies. The census figures at the beginning of the century are analyzed in terms of four population segments: black Indians, including freedmen, and post-1880 black immigrants, so-called fullbloods, and (white-Indian) mixed-bloods. The study shows how these categories became metaphors for political and social outlooks and attitudes about race and native Americans. The book ends with a detailed, comprehensive bibliography containing primary and secondary sources with guides to their locations. (Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley 1994; revised with new preface and index)
Download or read book Black Slaves Indian Masters written by Barbara Krauthamer and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the late eighteenth century through the end of the Civil War, Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians bought, sold, and owned Africans and African Americans as slaves, a fact that persisted after the tribes' removal from the Deep South to Indian Territory. The tribes formulated racial and gender ideologies that justified this practice and marginalized free black people in the Indian nations well after the Civil War and slavery had ended. Through the end of the nineteenth century, ongoing conflicts among Choctaw, Chickasaw, and U.S. lawmakers left untold numbers of former slaves and their descendants in the two Indian nations without citizenship in either the Indian nations or the United States. In this groundbreaking study, Barbara Krauthamer rewrites the history of southern slavery, emancipation, race, and citizenship to reveal the centrality of Native American slaveholders and the black people they enslaved. Krauthamer's examination of slavery and emancipation highlights the ways Indian women's gender roles changed with the arrival of slavery and changed again after emancipation and reveals complex dynamics of race that shaped the lives of black people and Indians both before and after removal.
Download or read book Slavery in the Cherokee Nation written by Patrick Neal Minges and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the dynamic issues of race and religion within the Cherokee Nation, this text looks at the role of secret societies in shaping these forces during the 19th century.
Download or read book The House on Diamond Hill written by Tiya Miles and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: House on Diamond Hill: A Cherokee Plantation Story
Download or read book Ties That Bind written by Tiya Miles and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-02-11 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Ties that bind, Tiya Miles explores the interplay of race, power, and intimacy in the nation's early days, providing a full picture of the myriad complexities, ironies, and tensions among African Americans, Native Americans, and whites in the first half of the nineteenth century.--book jacket.
Download or read book I ve Been Here All the While written by Alaina E. Roberts and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps no other symbol has more resonance in African American history than that of "40 acres and a mule"—the lost promise of Black reparations for slavery after the Civil War. In I've Been Here All the While, we meet the Black people who actually received this mythic 40 acres, the American settlers who coveted this land, and the Native Americans whose holdings it originated from. In nineteenth-century Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), a story unfolds that ties African American and Native American history tightly together, revealing a western theatre of Civil War and Reconstruction, in which Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians, their Black slaves, and African Americans and whites from the eastern United States fought military and rhetorical battles to lay claim to land that had been taken from others. Through chapters that chart cycles of dispossession, land seizure, and settlement in Indian Territory, Alaina E. Roberts draws on archival research and family history to upend the traditional story of Reconstruction. She connects debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, finding land and exercising political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.
Download or read book Cherokee America written by Margaret Verble and published by Houghton Mifflin. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of the Pulitzer Prize finalist Maud's Line, an epic novel that follows a web of complex family alliances and culture clashes in the Cherokee Nation during the aftermath of the Civil War, and the unforgettable woman at its center. It's the early spring of 1875 in the Cherokee Nation West. A baby, a black hired hand, a bay horse, a gun, a gold stash, and a preacher have all gone missing. Cherokee America Singer, known as "Check," a wealthy farmer, mother of five boys, and soon-to-be widow, is not amused. In this epic of the American frontier, several plots intertwine around the heroic and resolute Check: her son is caught in a compromising position that results in murder; a neighbor disappears; another man is killed. The tension mounts and the violence escalates as Check's mixed race family, friends, and neighbors come together to protect their community--and painfully expel one of their own. Cherokee America vividly, and often with humor, explores the bonds--of blood and place, of buried histories and half-told tales, of past grief and present injury--that connect a colorful, eclectic cast of characters, anchored by the clever, determined, and unforgettable Check.
Download or read book Untangling a Red White and Black Heritage written by Darnella Davis and published by University of New Mexico Press. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the legacy of racial mixing in Indian Territory through the land and lives of two families, one of Cherokee Freedman descent and one of Muscogee Creek heritage, Darnella Davis’s memoir writes a new chapter in the history of racial mixing on the frontier. It is the only book-length account of the intersections between the three races in Indian Territory and Oklahoma written from the perspective of a tribal person and a freedman. The histories of these families, along with the starkly different federal policies that molded their destinies, offer a powerful corrective to the historical narrative. From the Allotment Period to the present, their claims of racial identity and land in Oklahoma reveal inequalities that still fester more than one hundred years later. Davis offers a provocative opportunity to unpack our current racial discourse and ask ourselves, “Who are ‘we’ really?”
Download or read book Collision and Collusion written by Katja Helma May and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Race and the Cherokee Nation written by Randal Hall and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We believe by blood only," said a Cherokee resident of Oklahoma, speaking to reporters in 2007 after voting in favor of the Cherokee Nation constitutional amendment limiting its membership. In an election that made headlines around the world, a majority of Cherokee voters chose to eject from their tribe the descendants of the African American freedmen Cherokee Indians had once enslaved. Because of the unique sovereign status of Indian nations in the United States, legal membership in an Indian nation can have real economic benefits. In addition to money, the issues brought forth in this election have racial and cultural roots going back before the Civil War. Race and the Cherokee Nation examines how leaders of the Cherokee Nation fostered a racial ideology through the regulation of interracial marriage. By defining and policing interracial sex, nineteenth-century Cherokee lawmakers preserved political sovereignty, delineated Cherokee identity, and established a social hierarchy. Moreover, Cherokee conceptions of race and what constituted interracial sex differed from those of blacks and whites. Moving beyond the usual black/white dichotomy, historian Fay A. Yarbrough places American Indian voices firmly at the center of the story, as well as contrasting African American conceptions and perspectives on interracial sex with those of Cherokee Indians. For American Indians, nineteenth-century relationships produced offspring that pushed racial and citizenship boundaries. Those boundaries continue to have an impact on the way individuals identify themselves and what legal rights they can claim today.
Download or read book The Cherokee Diaspora written by Gregory D. Smithers and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cherokee are one of the largest Native American tribes in the United States, with more than three hundred thousand people across the country claiming tribal membership and nearly one million people internationally professing to have at least one Cherokee Indian ancestor. In this revealing history of Cherokee migration and resettlement, Gregory Smithers uncovers the origins of the Cherokee diaspora and explores how communities and individuals have negotiated their Cherokee identities, even when geographically removed from the Cherokee Nation headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Beginning in the eighteenth century, the author transports the reader back in time to tell the poignant story of the Cherokee people migrating throughout North America, including their forced exile along the infamous Trail of Tears (1838–39). Smithers tells a remarkable story of courage, cultural innovation, and resilience, exploring the importance of migration and removal, land and tradition, culture and language in defining what it has meant to be Cherokee for a widely scattered people.
Download or read book Oklahoma Black Cherokees written by Ty Wilson & Karen Coody Cooper and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the generations, Cherokee citizens became a conglomerate people. Early in the nineteenth century, tribal leaders adapted their government to mirror the new American model. While accommodating institutional slavery of black people, they abandoned the Cherokee matrilineal clan structure that once determined their citizenship. The 1851 census revealed a total population nearing 18,000, which included 1,844 slaves and 64 free blacks. What it means to be Cherokee has continued to evolve over the past century, yet the histories assembled here by Ty Wilson, Karen Coody Cooper and other contributing authors reveal a meaningful story of identity and survival.
Download or read book Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society 1540 1866 written by Theda Perdue and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slavery was practiced among North American Indians long before Europeans arrived on these shores, bringing their own version of this "peculiar institution." Unlike the European institution, however, Native American slavery was function of warfare among tribes, replenishment of population lost through intertribal conflict or disease, and establishment and preservation of tribal standards of behavior. American Indians had little use, in primary purpose of slavery among Europeans. Theda Perdue here traces the history of slavery among the Cherokee Indians as it evolved from 1540 to 1866, indicating not only why the intrusion of whites, "slaves" contributed nothing to the Cherokee economy. During the colonial period, however, Cherokees actively began to capture members of other tribes and were themselves captured and sold to whites as chattels for the Caribbean slave trade. Also during this period, African slaves were introduced among the Indians, and when intertribal warfare ended, the use of forced labor to increase agricultural and other production emerged within Cherokee society. Well aware that the institution of black slavery was only one of many important changes that gradually broke down the traditional Cherokee culture after 1540, Professor Perdue integrates her concern with slavery into the total picture of cultural transformation resulting from the clash between European and Amerindian societies. She has made good use of previous anthropological and sociological studies, and presents an excellent summary of the relevant historical materials, ever attempting to see cultural crises from the perspective of the Cherokees. The first over-all account of the effect of slavery upon the Cherokees, Perdue's acute analysis and readable narrative provide the reader with a new angle of vision on the changing nature of Cherokee culture under the impact of increasing contact with Europeans.
Download or read book The Quest for Citizenship written by Kim Cary Warren and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Quest for Citizenship, Kim Cary Warren examines the formation of African American and Native American citizenship, belonging, and identity in the United States by comparing educational experiences in Kansas between 1880 and 1935. Warren focuses her study on Kansas, thought by many to be the quintessential free state, not only because it was home to sizable populations of Indian groups and former slaves, but also because of its unique history of conflict over freedom during the antebellum period. After the Civil War, white reformers opened segregated schools, ultimately reinforcing the very racial hierarchies that they claimed to challenge. To resist the effects of these reformers' actions, African Americans developed strategies that emphasized inclusion and integration, while autonomy and bicultural identities provided the focal point for Native Americans' understanding of what it meant to be an American. Warren argues that these approaches to defining American citizenship served as ideological precursors to the Indian rights and civil rights movements. This comparative history of two nonwhite races provides a revealing analysis of the intersection of education, social control, and resistance, and the formation and meaning of identity for minority groups in America.
