Download or read book African Americans and ROTC written by Charles Johnson, Jr. and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2002-05-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work covers Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) detachments at historically African American colleges and universities throughout the United States from the inception of the Student Army Training Corps to the advanced programs currently in place. The armistices following World War I allowed for ROTC programs to be set up, World War II saw a push for recruits, and American participation in Vietnam made use of black soldiers more than ever. Despite African American participation in the military in war and peace, it took nearly 60 years for black collegiate education institutions (around 1973) to fulfill their need for Army, Navy and Air Force ROTC programs producing commissioned officers. The book discusses the beginnings of the ROTC programs at African American colleges with the Student Army Training Corps and the establishment, expansion and reorganization of the programs that followed. The acquisition of Air Force and Navy ROTC programs are discussed and all the revisions to the various programs thereafter, including opening them up to women.
Download or read book Segregated Soldiers written by Marcus S. Cox and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Segregated Soldiers, Marcus S. Cox investigates military training programs at historically black colleges and universities and demonstrates their importance to the struggle for civil rights. Examining African Americans' attitudes toward service in the armed forces, Cox focuses on the ways in which black higher education and Reserve Officer Training Corps programs worked together to advance full citizenship rights for African Americans. Educators at black colleges supported military training as early as the late nineteenth century in hopes of improving the social, economic, and political state of black citizens. Their attitudes reflected the long-held belief of many African Americans who viewed military service as a path to equal rights. Cox begins his narrative in the decades following the Civil War, when the movement to educate blacks became an essential element in the effort to offer equality to all African Americans. ROTC training emerged as a fundamental component of black higher education, as African American educators encouraged military activities to promote discipline, upright behavior, and patriotism. These virtues, they believed, would hasten African Americans' quest for civil rights and social progress. Using Southern University—one of the largest African American institutions of higher learning during the post–World War II era—as a case study, Cox shows how blacks' interest in military training and service continued to rise steadily throughout the 1950s. Even in the 1960s and early 1970s, despite the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam War, the rise of black nationalism, and an expanding economy that offered African Americans enhanced economic opportunities, support for the military persisted among blacks because many believed that service in the armed forces represented the best way to advance themselves in a society in which racial discrimination flourished. Unlike recent scholarship on historically black colleges and universities, Cox's study moves beyond institutional histories to provide a detailed examination of broader social, political, and economic issues, and demonstrates why military training programs remained a vital part of the schools' missions.
Download or read book Making Citizen Soldiers written by Michael S. Neiberg and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the Reserve Officers Training Corps program as a distinctively American expression of the social, cultural, and political meanings of military service. Since 1950, ROTC has produced nearly two out of three American active duty officers, yet there has been no comprehensive scholarly look at civilian officer education programs in nearly forty years. While most modern military systems educate and train junior officers at insular academies like West Point, only the United States has relied heavily on the active cooperation of its civilian colleges. Michael Neiberg argues that the creation of officer education programs on civilian campuses emanates from a traditional American belief (which he traces to the colonial period) in the active participation of civilians in military affairs. Although this ideology changed shape through the twentieth century, it never disappeared. During the Cold War military buildup, ROTC came to fill two roles: it provided the military with large numbers of well-educated officers, and it provided the nation with a military comprised of citizen-soldiers. Even during the Vietnam era, officers, university administrators, and most students understood ROTC's dual role. The Vietnam War thus led to reform, not abandonment, of ROTC. Mining diverse sources, including military and university archives, Making Citizen-Soldiers provides an in-depth look at an important, but often overlooked, connection between the civilian and military spheres.
Download or read book The Black Officer Corps written by Isaac Hampton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Armed Forces started integrating its services in 1948, and with that push, more African Americans started rising through the ranks to become officers, although the number of black officers has always been much lower than African Americans' total percentage in the military. Astonishingly, the experiences of these unknown reformers have largely gone unexamined and unreported, until now. The Black Officer Corps traces segments of the African American officers' experience from 1946-1973. From generals who served in the Pentagon and Vietnam, to enlisted servicemen and officers' wives, Isaac Hampton has conducted over seventy-five oral history interviews with African American officers. Through their voices, this book illuminates what they dealt with on a day to day basis, including cultural differences, racist attitudes, unfair promotion standards, the civil rights movement, Black Power, and the experience of being in ROTC at Historically Black Colleges. Hampton provides a nuanced study of the people whose service reshaped race relations in the U.S. Armed Forces, ending with how the military attempted to control racism with the creation of the Defense Race Relations Institute of 1971. The Black Officer Corps gives us a much fuller picture of the experience of black officers, and a place to start asking further questions.
Download or read book Strength for the Fight written by Bernard C. Nalty and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1989 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the history of blacks in the armed forces from the 1600s to the 1980s.
Download or read book Blacks in the Military and Beyond written by G.L.A. Harris and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans have long used the military for gaining legitimacy and the ultimate path to citizenship. Blacks in the Military and Beyond chronicles their tumultuous journey from slavery through the present, extending the history to significant factors in determining whether or not serving in the military has indeed advantaged Blacks.
Download or read book Army 101 written by David Axe and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Army 101 is a war correspondent's critical look at the dual lives of ROTC student-cadets. Axe spent a year interviewing and following the lives of student-cadets and trainers with the USC Gamecock Battalion ("undergrads with guns," as he labels them) to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a representative university ROTC program -- one of 270 currently in existence.
Download or read book Leadership Laboratory written by Edsel O. Chalker and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The 100 Best Colleges for African American Students written by Erlene B. Wilson and published by Plume Books. This book was released on 1993 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date college guide for African-American students "tells it like it is", including firsthand student reports on campus social and cultural environments, to offer a vivid picture of what life on each campus is like.
Download or read book Path Breakers U S Marine African American Officers in Their Own Words written by Fred H. Allison and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Segregated Soldiers written by Marcus S. Cox and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Segregated Soldiers, Marcus S. Cox investigates military training programs at historically black colleges and universities, and demonstrates their importance to the struggle for civil rights. Examining African Americans' attitudes toward service in the armed forces, Cox focuses on the ways in which black higher education and Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) programs worked together to advance full citizenship rights for African Americans. Educators at black colleges supported military training as early as the late nineteenth century in hopes of improving the social, economic, and political state of black citizens. Their attitudes reflected the long-held belief of many African Americans who viewed military service as a path to equal rights. Cox begins his narrative in the decades following the Civil War, when the movement to educate blacks became an essential element in the effort to offer equality to all African Americans. ROTC training emerged as a fundamental component of black higher education, as African American educators encouraged military activities to promote discipline, upright behavior, and patriotism. These virtues, they believed, would hasten African Americans' quest for civil rights and social progress. Using Southern University -- one of the largest African American institutions of higher learning during the post--World War II era -- as a case study, Cox shows how blacks' interest in military training and service continued to rise steadily throughout the 1950s. Even in the 1960s and early 1970s, despite the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam War, the rise of black nationalism, and an expanding economy that offered African Americans enhanced economic opportunities, support for the military persisted among blacks because many believed that service in the armed forces represented the best way to advance themselves in a society in which racial discrimination flourished. Unlike recent scholarship on historically black colleges and universities, Cox's study moves beyond institutional histories to provide a detailed examination of broader social, political, and economic issues, and demonstrates why military training programs remained a vital part of the schools' missions.
Download or read book African Americans in the Armed Forces written by Tamra B. Orr and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2019-12-15 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans have fought in every major U.S. war, but even as they fought to defend their country, they also had to battle against prejudice simply because of the color of their skin. From the Buffalo Soldiers and Tuskegee Airmen of the past to today's soldiers and officers, African Americans have helped protect a country that has often failed to protect their civil rights. The bravery of these men and women is presented through detailed main text and sidebars that feature annotated quotes. Historical and contemporary images accompany the narrative and a comprehensive timeline of African American military milestones.
Download or read book Colin Powell written by Laura Hamilton Waxman and published by Lerner Publications. This book was released on 2004-12-30 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the life and public service of the first African American to become secretary of state, Colin Powell, once the highest ranked person in the U.S. military.
Download or read book Effects of Traditional and Online Debriefing on Stress in African American ROTC written by Tayla S. Rhine and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Next Civil War written by R G Arellano and published by Archway Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthony Rockson is trapped amid gang violence on the streets of Los Angeles. With only one option to escape, he joins the army with fellow gang members, Michael and Daemon. Heather Wilson and her African American friend, Jennie, join the ROTC with plans to become officers after college. As Julius Jackson awaits his punishment before a judge, he agrees to a unique option: four years in the army. Rob Lancaster, who is not interested in leveraging his family’s name anymore, joins the military where he hopes to be judged only on his strengths and weaknesses. Eight years later, Rockson, Michael, Daemon, Heather, Jennie, Julius, and Rob have all created new lives for themselves. Unfortunately, the struggle between blacks and whites in the military is evident. Determined to instigate change, a group of African American soldiers creates an underground organization focused on securing military assets located in six southeastern states. As the leaders of the Black Heritage Army plan a battle against the remaining United States, a civil war begins, potentially changing the course of American history forever and embroiling Rockson and the others in an unforgettable struggle for justice. The Next Civil War reveals the challenges of several soldiers as they attempt to overcome strained race relations in the military via an underground organization with a mission to instigate war.
Download or read book Army ROTC Scholarship Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Refocusing the African American Dream written by Edwin E. Thompson RIA MBA and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book depicts the challenging experiences of two twins - Dreams, Hope, and Passion in obtaining the American Dream." Establishing the argument for " Refocusing the African American Dream" is precipitated by the need to clarify what is freedom, and what makes freedom so important? Generally, dreams are food for the soul. Dreams also give us hope. Whereas, hope is the opportunity for expectation, and passion is the need and desire to turn those hopes and dreams into reality. With freedom comes responsibility. There are three fundamental critical societal problems, which impacts "The African American Dream," they are fundamentally social problems notably: an increase in single-parent households, inadequate education preparation, and no economic foundation. Despite the difficulties associated with single-family households, inadequate education preparation and, no financial foundation. The Declaration of Independence depicts the concept of freedom in terms of inalienable rights, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. As a result, there is no mention of economic independence. Economics is an important issue, which confronts our families; because it is a necessary means for financial freedom, and it facilitates our participation in a market economy. If a culture has no strong economic base, then it resembles a plantation. The civil rights movement was very much about gaining control over economic means, and not so much about getting political power as an end in itself. Your circumstances at birth—mainly, what your parents do for a living—are an even more significant factor in how far you get in life than we had previously realized. On the other hand, if you are first-generation educated like the Thompson twins, it is your Dreams, Hope, and Passion that makes the difference. In either case, you are the foundation for the next generation's success. The process only works if you have a flourishing economy at best.
