Download or read book Advances in Specifying Plasma Temperatures and Ion Composition in the Ionosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Specifying Plasma Temperatures and Ion Composition in the Ionosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heat Exchange Processes in the Topside Ionosphere at Low to Middle Latitudes written by Chih-Te Hsu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma temperatures in the ionosphere are fundamental indicators of the heat balance between the charged and neutral species and are associated with both the dynamics and structure of the upper atmosphere. At low and middle latitudes the temperatures are determined by solar energy inputs and energy exchange between charged particles and neutrals. During the daytime the thermal electrons are heated by photoelectrons and cooled by conduction and collisions with ions. The ions are heated principally by collisions with electrons and ions and cooled by conduction to lower altitudes. During the nighttime, when the source of photoionization is absent, both ions and electrons are cooled by conduction to lower altitudes where heat is lost to the neutral gas. Thus, variations in both electron temperature and ion temperatures can be used to explore the heat exchange processes in the topside ionosphere. A numerical model called Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2) and measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 satellite are used in this study of plasma temperatures in the topside ionosphere. The effects of ion composition on the ion and electron temperatures in the mid-latitude topside ionosphere during daytime are examined by using data that has been previously derived from the DMSP F15 measurements in 2004–2006. The heat exchanged between the different constituent ions and the role played by the solar zenith angle and the solar ionizing flux (F10.7) is suggested from the variations of electron and ion temperature with electron number density and composition. The SAMI2 model adds further interpretation of the electron and ion temperature distribution by capturing the major mechanisms that control the heat flow in the topside ionosphere at middle latitudes. Due to the absence of constituent ion temperature information in the original DMSP dataset, this model study is also used to retrieve both TH+ and TO+ and verify the observed dependence of ion temperature on ion composition. The model calculation shows that topside TH+ should reside between TO+ and Te, and further confirms the preferential heat transfer from the electrons to H+ in the topside. Finally, an implementation of a more sophisticated analysis procedure to extract constituent ion temperatures from the Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) measurements is utilized to reexamine the DMSP F15 dataset. The result shows that in the daytime, when electrons are actively heated, TH+ is a few hundred degrees higher than TO+ at all longitudes. The nighttime temperature difference between TH+ and TO+ is indicative of mass dependent adiabatic heating and cooling processes across the equatorial region. These adiabatic processes present clear longitudinal variations in the ion temperatures and measured plasma flows that are associated with season and magnetic declination.
Download or read book International Study on Cost Effective Earth Observation Missions written by Rainer Sandau and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is within the means of many nations to conduct or participate in cost-effective Earth observation missions. This study provides a definition of cost-effective Earth observation missions and information about background material and organizational support. It discusses cost drivers and provides advice on achieving cost-effective missions and discusses training and education. The conclusions and recommendations range from more general factors, which drive the small satellite mission activities, to visions of future cost-effective Earth observation missions. Complementary to large complex missions, small satellite missions have specific advantages: more frequent missions opportunities and therefore faster return of science and application data, a larger variety of missions and greater diversification of potential users; more rapid expansion of the technical and/or scientific knowledge base; greater involvement of local and small industry. This volume will prove to be a useful source of information to governments, space agencies, academia, and industry.
Download or read book Advances in Low and Mid latitude Mesosphere Thermosphere and Ionosphere Studies written by Y. Sahai and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar and Space Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010, NASA and the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee of experts to develop an integrated national strategy that would guide agency investments in solar and space physics for the years 2013-2022. That strategy, the result of nearly 2 years of effort by the survey committee, which worked with more than 100 scientists and engineers on eight supporting study panels, is presented in the 2013 publication, Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. This booklet, designed to be accessible to a broader audience of policymakers and the interested public, summarizes the content of that report.
Download or read book Nonlinear Wave and Plasma Structures in the Auroral and Subauroral Geospace written by Evgeny Mishin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear Wave and Plasma Structures in the Auroral and Subauroral Geospace presents a comprehensive examination of the self-consistent processes leading to multiscale electromagnetic and plasma structures in the magnetosphere and ionosphere near the plasmapause, particularly in the auroral and subauroral geospace. It utilizes simulations and a large number of relevant in situ measurements conducted by the most recent satellite missions, as well as ground-based optical and radar observations to verify the conclusions and analysis. Including several case studies of observations related to prominent geospacer events, the book also provides experimental and numerical results throughout the chapters to further enhance understanding of how the same physical mechanisms produce different phenomena at different regions of the near-Earth space environment. Additionally, the comprehensive description of mechanisms responsible for space weather effects will give readers a broad foundation of wave and particle processes in the near-Earth magnetosphere. As such, Nonlinear Wave and Plasma Structures in the Auroral and Subauroral Geospace Nonlinear Wave and Plasma Structures in the Auroral and Subauroral Geospace is a cutting-edge reference for space physicists looking to better understand plasma physics in geospace. Presents a unified approach to wave and particle phenomena occurring in the auroral and subauroral geospace Summarizes the most current theoretical concepts related to the generation of the large-scale electric field near the plasmapause by flows of hot plasma from the reconnection site Includes case studies of the observations related to the most “famous events during the last 20 years as well as a large number of experimental and numerical results illustrated throughout the text
Download or read book Sun and Heliosphere written by Takashi Sekii and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kappa Distributions written by George Livadiotis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kappa Distributions: Theory and Applications in Plasmas presents the theoretical developments of kappa distributions, their applications in plasmas, and how they affect the underpinnings of our understanding of space and plasma physics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics/thermodynamics. Separated into three major parts, the book covers theoretical methods, analytical methods in plasmas, and applications in space plasmas. The first part of the book focuses on basic aspects of the statistical theory of kappa distributions, beginning with their connection to the solid backgrounds of non-extensive statistical mechanics. The book then moves on to plasma physics, and is devoted to analytical methods related to kappa distributions on various basic plasma topics, spanning linear/nonlinear plasma waves, solitons, shockwaves, and dusty plasmas. The final part of the book deals with applications in space plasmas, focusing on applications of theoretical and analytical developments in space plasmas from the heliosphere and beyond, in other astrophysical plasmas. Kappa Distributions is ideal for space, plasma, and statistical physicists; geophysicists, especially of the upper atmosphere; Earth and planetary scientists; and astrophysicists. Answers important questions, such as how plasma waves are affected by kappa distributions and how solar wind, magnetospheres, and other geophysical, space, and astrophysical plasmas can be modeled using kappa distributions Presents the features of kappa distributions in the context of plasmas, including how kappa indices, temperatures, and densities vary among the species populations in different plasmas Provides readers with the information they need to decide which specific formula of kappa distribution should be used for a certain occasion and system (toolbox)
Download or read book Ionospheric Convection written by Aaron James Ridley and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Space Life Sciences written by D. F. Smart and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Space Life Sciences written by Mark Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Titan written by Ingo Müller-Wodarg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-24 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference and guide examines the processes that shape the atmosphere and surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.
Download or read book The Earth s Ionosphere written by Michael Kelly and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics emphasizes the study of plasma physics and electrodynamics of the ionosphere, including many aeronomical influences. The ionosphere is somewhat of a battleground between the earth's neutral atmosphere and the sun's fully ionized atmosphere, in which the earth is embedded. One of the challenges of ionosphere research is to know enough about these two vast fields of research to make sense out of ionospheric phenomena. This book provides insights into how these competing sources of mass, momentum, and energy compete for control of the ionosphere. Some of the topics discussed include the fundamentals of ionospheric plasma dynamics; equatorial plasma instabilities; high-latitude electrodynamics; and instabilities and structure in the high-latitude ionosphere. Throughout this text only the region above 90 km are discussed, ignoring the D region entirely. This publication is a good source of information for students and individuals conducting research on earth’s ionosphere.
Download or read book Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion written by Francis F. Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TO THE SECOND EDITION In the nine years since this book was first written, rapid progress has been made scientifically in nuclear fusion, space physics, and nonlinear plasma theory. At the same time, the energy shortage on the one hand and the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn on the other have increased the national awareness of the important applications of plasma physics to energy production and to the understanding of our space environment. In magnetic confinement fusion, this period has seen the attainment 13 of a Lawson number nTE of 2 x 10 cm -3 sec in the Alcator tokamaks at MIT; neutral-beam heating of the PL T tokamak at Princeton to KTi = 6. 5 keV; increase of average ß to 3%-5% in tokamaks at Oak Ridge and General Atomic; and the stabilization of mirror-confined plasmas at Livermore, together with injection of ion current to near field-reversal conditions in the 2XIIß device. Invention of the tandem mirror has given magnetic confinement a new and exciting dimension. New ideas have emerged, such as the compact torus, surface-field devices, and the EßT mirror-torus hybrid, and some old ideas, such as the stellarator and the reversed-field pinch, have been revived. Radiofrequency heat ing has become a new star with its promise of dc current drive. Perhaps most importantly, great progress has been made in the understanding of the MHD behavior of toroidal plasmas: tearing modes, magnetic Vll Vlll islands, and disruptions.
Download or read book Space Life Sciences written by Yeqing Sun and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Planetary Environments written by M. Holmström and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
