Download or read book Advances in Fresnel Coherent Diffractive Imaging written by Jesse Norman Clark and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 218 merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains. Specific chapters in this release cover Phase retrieval methods applied to coherent imaging, X-ray phase-contrast imaging: a broad overview of some fundamentals, Graphene and borophene as nanoscopic materials for electronics – with review of the physics, and more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series Updated release includes the latest information on the Coulomb Interactions in Charged Particle Beams

Download or read book Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special volume of Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics details the current theory, experiments, and applications of neutron and x-ray optics and microscopy for an international readership across varying backgrounds and disciplines. Edited by Dr. Ted Cremer, these volumes attempt to provide rapid assimilation of the presented topics that include neutron and x-ray scatter, refraction, diffraction, and reflection and their potential application. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Download or read book Fourier Optics and Computational Imaging written by Kedar Khare and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-02 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is designed to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in physics and electronics and communication engineering and mathematics. The book provides an introduction to Fourier optics in light of new developments in the area of computational imaging over the last couple of decades. There is an in-depth discussion of mathematical methods such as Fourier analysis, linear systems theory, random processes, and optimization-based image reconstruction techniques. These techniques are very much essential for a better understanding of the working of computational imaging systems. It discusses topics in Fourier optics, e.g., diffraction phenomena, coherent and incoherent imaging systems, and some aspects of coherence theory. These concepts are then used to describe several system ideas that combine optical hardware design and image reconstruction algorithms, such as digital holography, iterative phase retrieval, super-resolution imaging, point spread function engineering for enhanced depth-of-focus, projection-based imaging, single-pixel or ghost imaging, etc. The topics covered in this book can provide an elementary introduction to the exciting area of computational imaging for students who may wish to work with imaging systems in their future careers.

Download or read book Coherent Diffractive Imaging Using Table top Sources written by Michal Odstrčil and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hard X ray Microscopy Enhanced by Coherent Image Reconstruction written by Jakob Soltau and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2022 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray microscopy is used to study the structure, dynamics and bulk properties of matter with high spatial resolutions. It is widely applied, from physics and chemistry to material and life sciences. In the past two decades, progress in X-ray microscopy was driven either by improvements in X-ray optics or by improvements in the image reconstruction by using algorithms as computational lenses. In this work both approaches are combined to exploit the advantages of X-ray imaging with a large numerical aperture and the advantages of coherent image reconstruction. It is shown that a combined X-ray microscope using both, advanced optics and algorithms, is neither limited by flawed optics nor by constraints imposed by reconstruction algorithms, which enables to go beyond current limits in resolution and applications. The thesis is structured in four parts. In the first part hard X-ray lenses, so called multilayer zone plates, are simulated to investigate volume diffraction effects within the multilayer structure, and to study the potential for smaller focus sizes and higher efficiencies. In the second part, the multilayer zone plates are characterized and implemented in an X-ray microscope. In the third part, a new imaging scheme is presented, which combines in-line holography and coherent diffractive imaging. This method overcomes the current resolution limit of in-line holography and can achieve super-resolution with respect to the numerical aperture of the illuminating beam. Finally, in the fourth part a multilayer zone plate is used as an objective lens with a known transfer function in a novel coherent full-field imaging experiment based on iterative phase retrieval, for high resolution and quantitative contrast.

Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.

Download or read book Partially Coherent Diffractive Imaging written by Lachlan Whitehead and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase retrieval for object and probe in the optical near field written by Anna-Lena Robisch and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lensless, holographic X-ray microscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides resolution on the nanometer scale. Therefore, a divergent, coherent and especially clean wave front impinging on the sample is needed. Yet, focusing X-rays by even the most advanced X-ray mirrors causes so called figure errors of high spatial frequency content. The results are strongly deteriorated intensity profiles that are often even more pronounced than the holographic image of the sample itself. A common strategy to compensate these figure errors is to divide the hologram by the pure intensity profile of the beam (the so called flat field). However, this division is only valid in the limiting case of an illumination focused down to a point source. In reality, as a consequence of a fi nite spot size, one has to accept a loss in resolution when performing the flat field correction. An approach different from the described straightforward procedure is necessary. Here, the simultaneous reconstruction of object and probe is proposed using holograms which were not flat field corrected before phase retrieval. To this end, a method has been developed that allows simultaneously reconstructing object and probe in amplitude and phase from holographic intensity recordings. The experimental way of proceeding was mainly inspired by well-established holographic full-field X-ray imaging techniques that require holograms defocused to different degrees. Consequently, the conclusion seems reasonable that diversity in the optical near-field arises mainly from variation of the propagation distance of light. This so called longitudinal diversity is used to properly phase the transmission function of the sample of interest. The algorithmic strategy of simultaneous phase retrieval for object and probe draws on far-field ptychography where lateral translations of the sample create diverse diffraction patterns. In view of the need for longitudinal diversity realized by shifts of the sample along the optical axis, ptychography has been generalized and adapted for the optical near-field. Hence, translations of the sample in all three dimensions of space need to be exploited to collect enough information about object and probe such that both can be reconstructed simultaneously in amplitude and phase. Concepts have been put into practice by simulations as well as by experiments with coherent visible light and hard X-rays from synchrotron sources. The presented approach offers the opportunity to perform high resolution imaging, to be extended to tomography and to be adapted to super-resolution experiments.

Download or read book Advanced X ray Imaging of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices written by Jiajun Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-02 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively outlines synchrotron-based X-ray imaging technologies and their associated applications in gaining fundamental insights into the physical and chemical properties as well as reaction mechanisms of energy materials. In this book the major X-ray imaging technologies utilised, depending on research goals and sample specifications, are discussed. With X-ray imaging techniques, the morphology, phase, lattice and strain information of energy materials in both 2D and 3D can be obtained in an intuitive way. In addition, due to the high penetration of X-rays, operando/in situ experiments can be designed to track the qualitative and quantitative changes of the samples during operation. This book will broader the reader’s view on X-ray imaging techniques and inspire new ideas and possibilities in energy materials research.

Download or read book Lensless Holography Methods for Soft X ray Resonant Coherent Imaging written by Diling Zhu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to interpret and inverse x-ray diffraction patterns from crystals has largely shaped our understanding of the structure of matter. However, structure determination of noncrystalline objects from their diffraction patterns is a much more difficult task. The dramatic increase in available coherent x-ray photon flux over the past decade has made possible a technique known as lensless coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), that addresses exactly this problem. The central question around CDI is the so-called phase problem: upon detection of the diffraction intensity, the phase information of the diffracted wave is inevitably lost. Generally, the phase problem is approached using iterative phase retrieval algorithms. Holographic methods, through interference with reference diffractions, encode the phase information directly inside the measured x-ray holograms, and are therefore able to avoid the stagnation and uniqueness problems commonly encountered by the iterative algorithms. This dissertation discusses two novel holographic methods for coherent lensless imaging using resonant soft x-rays. The first part focuses on generalizing the multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction technique, a highly successful method for solving the crystal structures of biomacromolecules, into a multiple-wavelength holography technique for nanoscale resonant x-ray imaging. Using this method I show element specific reconstructions of nanoparticles and magnetization distribution in magnetic thin films with sub 50 nm resolution. The second part discusses progress in X-ray Fourier holography, an ultrafast lensless imaging platform that can be used with the upcoming x-ray free electron lasers. In particular, I will present experiments using two novel types of extended reference structures that bring the resolution beyond the precision of reference fabrication, previously regarded as the resolution limit for x-ray Fourier transform holography. Finally, future applications of holographic methods, especially experimental considerations for time-resolved studies of nanostructures using X-FELs, will be discussed.

Download or read book Advanced Optical Imaging Theory written by Min Gu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical microscopy and associated technologies have advanced rapidly along with laser technology. These techniques have stimulated further development of the optical imaging theory, including 3-dimensional microscopy imaging theory, the theory of imaging with ultrashort pulsed beam illumination and the aberration theory for high numerical-aperture objectives. This book introduces these new theories in modern optical microscopy, providing comparisons with classical imaging as appropriate.

Download or read book Advanced Tomographic Methods in Materials Research and Engineering written by John Banhart and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-03-20 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tomography provides three-dimensional images of heterogeneous materials or engineering components, and offers an unprecedented insight into their internal structure. By using X-rays generated by synchrotrons, neutrons from nuclear reactors, or electrons provided by transmission electron microscopes, hitherto invisible structures can be revealed which are not accessible to conventional tomography based on X-ray tubes. This book is mainly written for applied physicists, materials scientists and engineers. It provides detailed descriptions of the recent developments in this field, especially the extension of tomography to materials research and engineering. The book is grouped into four parts: a general introduction into the principles of tomography, image analysis and the interactions between radiation and matter, and one part each for synchrotron X-ray tomography, neutron tomography, and electron tomography. Within these parts, individual chapters written by different authors describe important versions of tomography, and also provide examples of applications to demonstrate the capacity of the methods. The accompanying CD-ROM contains some typical data sets and programs to reconstruct, analyse and visualise the three-dimensional data.

Download or read book Diffraction Fourier Optics and Imaging written by Okan K. Ersoy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current theories of diffraction, imaging, and related topics based on Fourier analysis and synthesis techniques, which are essential for understanding, analyzing, and synthesizing modern imaging, optical communications and networking, as well as micro/nano systems. Applications covered include tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR; optical communications and networking devices; computer-generated holograms and analog holograms; and wireless systems using EM waves.

Download or read book Coherent Diffractive Imaging with Enhanced Contrast Mechanisms written by Arjun Rana and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is an imaging technique which uses reconstructionalgorithms in place of lenses to avoid aberration, which becomes vital in the x-ray regime. Over the last two decades, CDI has served as an invaluable tool to reveal the structure and chemical composition of a wide range of material and biological systems, providing insight across many disciplines. As part of the modern scientific frontier, CDI continues to evolve as an integral tool for the investigation of increasingly complex systems, while pushing the spatiotemporal limit. This work contains three studies which demonstrate extended capabilities of CDI through the utilization of fundamental light-matter interactions in tandem with advanced algorithms. First, the development of a novel broadband reconstruction algorithm called "Spectrum Probe and Image Reconstruction" (SPIRE) is presented in the context of attosecond imaging. An understanding of incoherent scattering permits the development of SPIRE which is shown to outperform other broadband reconstruction algorithms through the use of novel constraints. SPIRE is tested with a set of numerical simulations and a tabletop experiment with a white LED source. The results demonstrate the viability of CDI with broadband illumination and on ultrafast time scales. Second, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is used to probe the magnetization of a geometrically confined ferromagnet on the nanoscale. A novel vector tomography algorithm titled "Vector REal Space Iterative Reconstruction Engine (Vector RESIRE)" is used to directly reconstruct the 3D magnetization vector field in addition to the sample structure, without any prior assumptions. Topological analysis of the reconstruction result reveals a network of non-trivial magnetic point defects known as hedgehogs. The 3D spatial distribution of hedgehogs serve to validate the current theory of hedgehog confinement and potential of metalattices in spintronics applications. In the appendix, polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC) is used to map the orientation of the crystal c-axis of calcium carbonate in a coral skeleton. Hierarchical clustering is applied to 4D scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) data from the same sample to gain additional information about the crystal grain structure. The PIC and 4D STEM results are correlated to elucidate growth and nucleation conditions for coral.

Download or read book Ultrafast Coherent Diffractive Imaging at FLASH written by H. N. Chapman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the FLASH facility we have demonstrated high-resolution coherent diffractive imaging with single soft-X-ray free-electron laser pulses [1]. The intense focused FEL pulse gives a high resolution low-noise coherent diffraction pattern of an object before that object turns into a plasma and explodes. Our experiments are an important milestone in the development of single-particle diffractive imaging with future X-ray free-electron lasers [2, 3]. Our apparatus provides a new and unique tool at FLASH to perform imaging of biological specimens beyond conventional radiation damage resolution limits [2, 4] and to acquire images of ultrafast processes initiated by an FEL pulse or other laser pulse. Coherent diffractive imaging is an ideal method for high-resolution ultrafast imaging with an FEL. Since no optical element is required, the method can in principle be scaled to atomic resolution with short enough wavelength. Spatial and temporal coherence are necessary to ensure that the scattered light waves from all positions across the sample are correlated when they interfere at the detector, giving rise to a coherent diffraction pattern that can be phased and inverted to give a high-resolution image of the sample. In contrast to crystals, where scattering from the many unit cells constructively interfere to give Bragg spots, the coherent diffraction pattern of a non-periodic object is continuous. Such a coherent diffraction pattern contains as much as twice the information content of the pattern of its crystallized periodic counterpart--exactly the amount of information needed to solve the phase problem and deterministically invert the pattern to yield an image of the object [5, 6]. The computer algorithm that performs this function replaces the analogue computations of a lens: summing the complex-valued amplitudes of scattered waves to form an image at a particular plane. Our experimental geometry is shown in Fig. 1. We focus a coherent X-ray pulse from the FLASH source onto the sample and record the far-field diffraction pattern of the object on an area detector (a direct-detection CCD chip) centered on the forward direction. The CCD is protected from destruction by the intense forward scattered beam by a mirror that reflects only the diffracted light onto the detector; the direct beam harmlessly passes through a hole in the mirror. The mirror is coated with a resonant X-ray multilayer coating. We fabricated the coating so that the layer period varies across the mirror in such a way that only in-band X-rays propagating from near the sample interaction point are efficiently reflected. In this way the mirror is a very effective filter that rejects noise such as broadband emission from the sample (e.g. when it turns into a plasma and explodes) and off-axis stray light from scattering and emission of beam line components. This arrangement was crucial here to record clean single-pulse diffraction patterns that could be phased and inverted.

Download or read book Elements of Modern X ray Physics written by Jens Als-Nielsen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eagerly awaited, this second edition of a best-selling text comprehensively describes from a modern perspective the basics of x-ray physics as well as the completely new opportunities offered by synchrotron radiation. Written by internationally acclaimed authors, the style of the book is to develop the basic physical principles without obscuring them with excessive mathematics. The second edition differs substantially from the first edition, with over 30% new material, including: A new chapter on non-crystalline diffraction - designed to appeal to the large community who study the structure of liquids, glasses, and most importantly polymers and bio-molecules A new chapter on x-ray imaging - developed in close cooperation with many of the leading experts in the field Two new chapters covering non-crystalline diffraction and imaging Many important changes to various sections in the book have been made with a view to improving the exposition Four-colour representation throughout the text to clarify key concepts Extensive problems after each chapter There is also supplementary book material for this title available online (http://booksupport.wiley.com). Praise for the previous edition: “The publication of Jens Als-Nielsen and Des McMorrow’s Elements of Modern X-ray Physics is a defining moment in the field of synchrotron radiation… a welcome addition to the bookshelves of synchrotron–radiation professionals and students alike.... The text is now my personal choice for teaching x-ray physics…” – Physics Today, 2002