Download or read book Advanced Time Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques written by Wolfgang Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1984 Desmond O’Connor and David Phillips published their comprehensive book „Time-correlated Single Photon Counting“. At that time time-correlated s- gle photon counting, or TCSPC, was used primarily to record fluorescence decay functions of dye solutions in cuvettes. From the beginning, TCSPC was an am- ingly sensitive and accurate technique with excellent time-resolution. However, acquisition times were relatively slow due to the low repetition rate of the light sources and the limited speed of the electronics of the 70s and early 80s. Moreover, TCSPC was intrinsically one-dimensional, i.e. limited to the recording of the wa- form of a periodic light signal. Even with these limitations, it was a wonderful te- nique. More than 20 years have elapsed, and electronics and laser techniques have made impressive progress. The number of transistors on a single chip has approximately doubled every 18 months, resulting in a more than 1,000-fold increase in compl- ity and speed. The repetition rate and power of pulsed light sources have increased by about the same factor.

Download or read book Advanced Photon Counting written by Peter Kapusta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC), a powerful tool allowing luminescence lifetime measurements to be made with high temporal resolution, even on single molecules. Combining spectrum and lifetime provides a “fingerprint” for identifying such molecules in the presence of a background. Used together with confocal detection, this permits single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy in addition to ensemble measurements, opening up an enormous range of hot life science applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and measurement of Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) for the investigation of protein folding and interaction. Several technology-related chapters present both the basics and current state-of-the-art, in particular of TCSPC electronics, photon detectors and lasers. The remaining chapters cover a broad range of applications and methodologies for experiments and data analysis, including the life sciences, defect centers in diamonds, super-resolution microscopy, and optical tomography. The chapters detailing new options arising from the combination of classic TCSPC and fluorescence lifetime with methods based on intensity fluctuation represent a particularly unique highlight.

Download or read book Time correlated single photon counting written by Desmond O'Connor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-correlated Single Photon Counting has been written in the hope that by relating the authors' experiences with a variety of different single photon counting systems, they may provide a useful service to users and potential users of this formidably sensitive technique. Of all the techniques available to obtain information on the rates of depopulation of excited electronic singlet states of molecular species, monitoring of fluorescence provides, in principle, the simplest and most direct measure of concentration. This volume comprises eight chapters, with the first focusing on the time dependence and applications of fluorescence. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss basic principles of the single photon counting lifetime measurement; light sources; photomultipliers; electronics; data analysis; nanosecond time-resolved emission spectroscopy; time dependence of fluorescence anisotropy. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the field of chemistry.

Download or read book Handbook for Highly Charged Ion Spectroscopic Research written by Yaming Zou and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectroscopy of highly charged ions plays a key role in numerous areas of physics, from quantum electrodynamics (QED) and parity nonconservation (PNC) testing to fusion and plasma physics to x-ray astronomy. Handbook for Highly Charged Ion Spectroscopic Research brings together many of the techniques and ideas needed to carry out state-of-the-a

Download or read book Single Photon Generation and Detection written by Sergio Cova and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter presents a broad review of the principle, design, fabrication, operation, and performance of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and provides a comparative basis to assess the relative merits of the wide variety of devices and techniques covered. Particular attention is paid to the design of and operation of both silicon and high-speed-gated InGaAs/InP detection systems, as well as array-based systems.

Download or read book Millimeter Precision Laser Rangefinder Using a Low Cost Photon Counter written by Eisele, Andreas and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book we successfully demonstrate a millimeter-precision laser rangefinder using a low-cost photon counter. An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) comprises timing circuitry and single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) as the photodetectors. For the timing circuitry, a novel binning architecture for sampling the received signal is proposed which mitigates non-idealities that are inherent to a system with SPADs and timing circuitry in one chip.

Download or read book More than Moore Devices and Integration for Semiconductors written by Francesca Iacopi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-17 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems with a broad range of functionalities that can be added to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources. The book also includes examples of applications for brain-computer interfaces and event-driven imaging systems. Provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems; Covers functionalities to add to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources; Includes current applications, such as brain-computer interfaces, event - driven imaging and edge computing.

Download or read book Single Photon Generation and Detection written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-photon generation and detection is at the forefront of modern optical physics research. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared. The use of single photons, produced on demand with well-defined quantum properties, offers an unprecedented set of capabilities that are central to the new area of quantum information and are of revolutionary importance in areas that range from the traditional, such as high sensitivity detection for astronomy, remote sensing, and medical diagnostics, to the exotic, such as secretive surveillance and very long communication links for data transmission on interplanetary missions. The goal of this volume is to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the technology and techniques that are available to enable them to better design an experimental plan for its intended purpose. The book will be broken into chapters focused specifically on the development and capabilities of the available detectors and sources to allow a comparative understanding to be developed by the reader along with and idea of how the field is progressing and what can be expected in the near future. Along with this technology, we will include chapters devoted to the applications of this technology, which is in fact much of the driver for its development. This is set to become the go-to reference for this field. - Covers all the basic aspects needed to perform single-photon experiments and serves as the first reference to any newcomer who would like to produce an experimental design that incorporates the latest techniques - Provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared, thus giving broad background that should enable newcomers to the field to make rapid progress in gaining proficiency - Written by leading experts in the field, among which, the leading Editor is recognized as having laid down the roadmap, thus providing the reader with an authenticated and reliable source

Download or read book Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection written by Renato Turchetta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection showcases the latest advances in readout electronics for particle, or radiation, detectors. Featuring chapters written by international experts in their respective fields, this authoritative text: Defines the main design parameters of front-end circuitry developed in microelectronics technologies Explains the basis for the use of complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors for the detection of charged particles and other non-consumer applications Delivers an in-depth review of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), evaluating the pros and cons of ADCs integrated at the pixel, column, and per-chip levels Describes incremental sigma–delta ADCs, time-to-digital converter (TDC) architectures, and digital pulse-processing techniques complementary to analog processing Examines the fundamental parameters and front-end types associated with silicon photomultipliers used for single visible-light photon detection Discusses pixel sensors with per-pixel TDCs, channel density challenges, and emerging 3D technologies interconnecting detectors and electronics Thus, Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection provides a single source for state-of-the-art information on analog electronics for the readout of radiation detectors.

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIA written by Ivan Kaminow and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI (A&B) is the sixth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the R&D of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition brings a fresh look to many essential topics, including devices, subsystems, systems and networks. A central theme is the enabling of high-bandwidth communications in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications. These volumes are an ideal reference for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and investors. Volume A is devoted to components and subsystems, including photonic integrated circuits, multicore and few-mode fibers, photonic crystals, silicon photonics, signal processing, and optical interconnections.

Download or read book Modern Tools for Time Resolved Luminescence Biosensing and Imaging written by and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIA written by Andreas Beling and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter reviews the significant advances in photodetectors that have occurred since Optical Fiber Telecommunications V. The quests for higher speed p-i-n detectors and lower noise avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with high gain-bandwidth product remain. To a great extent, high-speed structures have coalesced to evanescently coupled waveguide devices; bandwidths exceeding 140GHz have been reported. A primary APD breakthrough has been the development of Ge on Si separate-absorption-and-multiplication devices that achieve long-wavelength response with the low-noise behavior of Si. For III–V compound APDs ultra-low noise has been achieved by strategic use of complex multilayer multiplication regions that provide more deterministic impact ionization. However, much of the excitement and innovation have focused on photodiodes that can be incorporated into InP-based integrated circuits and photodetectors for Si photonics.

Download or read book Free Space Laser Communications written by Arun K. Majumdar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-05 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive tutorial on the emerging technology of free-space laser communications (FSLC). The book offers an all-inclusive source of information on the basics of FSLC, and a review of state-of-the-art technologies. Coverage includes atmospheric effects for laser propagation and FSLC systems performance and design. Free-Space Laser Communications is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists and students interested in laser communication systems designed for the atmospheric optical channel.

Download or read book Multiphoton Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging written by Karsten König and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph demonstrates the latest developments in two-photon fluorescence microscopy and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, including coverage of high-resolution microscopy methods, such as STED microscopy. A special focus lies on clinical applications of these methods, e.g. in dermatology, ophtalmology, neuro sciences and cell biology.

Download or read book Two Dimensional Electronics Prospects and Challenges written by Frank Schwierz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Two-Dimensional Electronics - Prospects and Challenges" that was published in Electronics

Download or read book Optics and Photonics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optics and photonics technologies are ubiquitous: they are responsible for the displays on smart phones and computing devices, optical fiber that carries the information in the internet, advanced precision manufacturing, enhanced defense capabilities, and a plethora of medical diagnostics tools. The opportunities arising from optics and photonics offer the potential for even greater societal impact in the next few decades, including solar power generation and new efficient lighting that could transform the nation's energy landscape and new optical capabilities that will be essential to support the continued exponential growth of the Internet. As described in the National Research Council report Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation, it is critical for the United States to take advantage of these emerging optical technologies for creating new industries and generating job growth. The report assesses the current state of optical science and engineering in the United States and abroad-including market trends, workforce needs, and the impact of photonics on the national economy. It identifies the technological opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in, and applications of, optical science and engineering. The report also calls for improved management of U.S. public and private research and development resources, emphasizing the need for public policy that encourages adoption of a portfolio approach to investing in the wide and diverse opportunities now available within photonics. Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation is a useful overview not only for policymakers, such as decision-makers at relevant Federal agencies on the current state of optics and photonics research and applications but also for individuals seeking a broad understanding of the fields of optics and photonics in many arenas.

Download or read book Issues in Applied Analytical and Imaging Sciences Research 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 1173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Applied, Analytical, and Imaging Sciences Research: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Applied Analysis. The editors have built Issues in Applied, Analytical, and Imaging Sciences Research: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Applied Analysis in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Applied, Analytical, and Imaging Sciences Research: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.