Download or read book Actual Competition Potential Entry and Sustainability in Imperfectly Contestable Airline Markets written by Frederick H. deB. Harris and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure written by William J. Baumol and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt P. This book was released on 1988 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Competition versus Predation in Aviation Markets written by Peter Forsyth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to liberalization, there was little scope for predatory behaviour in the aviation market. However, following deregulation, new entrants sought to compete with entrenched incumbents. Low-cost carriers (LCCs) gained significant market share, which in turn provoked many different kinds of defensive response. Having put pressure on established carriers, low-cost airlines are themselves feeling the pressure of competition from new operators. While it is normal and natural for airlines to react to competition - modifying their services, the ways in which they offer them and their prices - when does aggressive commercial behaviour go too far and become predation? This book considers what exactly is meant by 'predation' in the aviation environment, and explores the strategies LCCs adopt in order to gain market share, as well as the strategies of the established airlines in response to competition from new entrants to the market. It also addresses the key question of what competition policy should do to ensure intensive competition. Competition versus Predation in Aviation Markets brings together contributions from around the world, from airlines, government agencies, leading academics and consultants, providing a wealth of perspectives on a business practice crucial to airline survival.
Download or read book Airline Competition and Contestability written by P. J. Forsyth and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Entry Contestability and Deregulated Airline Markets written by Michael Dennis Whinston and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oligopoly Theory written by James Friedman and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1983-09-30 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James Friedman provides a thorough survey of oligopoly theory using numerical examples and careful verbal explanations to make the ideas clear and accessible. While the earlier ideas of Cournot, Hotelling, and Chamberlin are presented, the larger part of the book is devoted to the modern work on oligopoly that has resulted from the application of dynamic techniques and game theory to this area of economics. The book begins with static oligopoly theory. Cournot's model and its more recent elaborations are covered in the first substantive chapter. Then the Chamberlinian analysis of product differentiation, spatial competition, and characteristics space is set out. The subsequent chapters on modern work deal with reaction functions, advertising, oligopoly with capital, entry, and oligopoly using noncooperative game theory. A large bibliography is provided.
Download or read book Economic Regulation and Its Reform written by Nancy L. Rose and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past thirty years have witnessed a transformation of government economic intervention in broad segments of industry throughout the world. Many industries historically subject to economic price and entry controls have been largely deregulated, including natural gas, trucking, airlines, and commercial banking. However, recent concerns about market power in restructured electricity markets, airline industry instability amid chronic financial stress, and the challenges created by the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, which allowed commercial banks to participate in investment banking, have led to calls for renewed market intervention. Economic Regulation and Its Reform collects research by a group of distinguished scholars who explore these and other issues surrounding government economic intervention. Determining the consequences of such intervention requires a careful assessment of the costs and benefits of imperfect regulation. Moreover, government interventions may take a variety of forms, from relatively nonintrusive performance-based regulations to more aggressive antitrust and competition policies and barriers to entry. This volume introduces the key issues surrounding economic regulation, provides an assessment of the economic effects of regulatory reforms over the past three decades, and examines how these insights bear on some of today’s most significant concerns in regulatory policy.
Download or read book The Theory of Contestable Markets and the U S Airline Industry written by Scott Charles Collins and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Economic Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This journal attempts to fill a gap between the general-interest press and other academic economics journals. Its articles relate to active lines of economics research, economic analysis of public policy issues, state-of-the-art economic thinking, and directions for future research. It also aims to provide material for classroom use, and to address issues relating to the economics profession.
Download or read book Competition Versus Predation in Aviation Markets written by Peter Forsyth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to liberalization, there was little scope for predatory behaviour in the aviation market. However, following deregulation, new entrants sought to compete with entrenched incumbents. Low-cost carriers (LCCs) gained significant market share, which in turn provoked many different kinds of defensive response. Having put pressure on established carriers, low-cost airlines are themselves feeling the pressure of competition from new operators. While it is normal and natural for airlines to react to competition - modifying their services, the ways in which they offer them and their prices - when does aggressive commercial behaviour go too far and become predation? This book considers what exactly is meant by 'predation' in the aviation environment, and explores the strategies LCCs adopt in order to gain market share, as well as the strategies of the established airlines in response to competition from new entrants to the market. It also addresses the key question of what competition policy should do to ensure intensive competition. Competition versus Predation in Aviation Markets brings together contributions from around the world, from airlines, government agencies, leading academics and consultants, providing a wealth of perspectives on a business practice crucial to airline survival.
Download or read book A Framework for the Design and Implementation of Competition Law and Policy written by R. S. Khemani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dynamic and competitive environment, underpinned by competition law policy, is an essential characteristic of successful market economies. To satisfy the growing demand for information on current approaches and practices in competition law policy, the project "Framework for the Design and Implementation of Competition Law-Policy" was initiated by the World Bank, with participation by OECD. This ensuing volume reflects the main issues that arise in design and implementation of competition law and policy in order to assist countries in developing an approach that suits their own needs and conditions. The views articulated in this publication suggest that the administration and enforcement of competition law policy should assign the greatest importance to fostering economic efficiency and consumer welfare.
Download or read book In Defense of Monopoly written by Richard B. McKenzie and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Defense of Monopoly offers an unconventional but empirically grounded argument in favor of market monopolies. Authors McKenzie and Lee claim that conventional, static models exaggerate the harm done by real-world monopolies, and they show why some degree of monopoly presence is necessary to maximize the improvement of human welfare over time. Inspired by Joseph Schumpeter's suggestion that market imperfections can drive an economy's long-term progress, In Defense of Monopoly defies conventional assumptions to show readers why an economic system's failure to efficiently allocate its resources is actually a necessary precondition for maximizing the system's long-term performance: the perfectly fluid, competitive economy idealized by most economists is decidedly inferior to one characterized by market entry and exit restrictions or costs. An economy is not a board game in which players compete for a limited number of properties, nor is it much like the kind of blackboard games that economists use to develop their monopoly models. As McKenzie and Lee demonstrate, the creation of goods and services in the real world requires not only competition but the prospect of gains beyond a normal competitive rate of return.
Download or read book The Deregulated Airline Industry written by Jonathan D. Ogur and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Networks in Transport and Communications written by Cristina Capineri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997, this book contains contributions on policy aspects of networks from a multidisciplinary perspective, including economics, geography and transport science. Both material and immaterial networks are examined. Policy aspects refer mainly to interventions of the public sector in networks. In addition, the book examines the policies of other actors in shaping networks and the territorial effects of networks as a whole.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Download or read book Entry and Market Contestability written by Paul Geroski and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Airlines Airports and Antitrust written by Paul Stephen Dempsey and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to deregulation, the consensus among many economists was that removal of governmental barriers to entry and pricing for airlines would result in a healthy competitive environment, one perhaps approaching that of perfect competition. Destructive competition, whose purported existence gave birth to regulation of these two industries in the 1930s, was deemed unlikely to occur. It was predicted that concentration was highly unlikely, for new entry would keep the industry hotly competitive. Transportation, however, has turned out not to be the ideal model of perfect competition that many proponents of deregulation insisted it was. There appear to be significant economies of scale, scope and density, and economic barriers to entry in the airline industry. Widespread bankruptcies and mergers have reduced the number of competitors to the point that major oligopolies now exist. Large airlines now dominate the infrastructure of airports, their gates and landing slots, as well as computer reservations systems. The theory of contestable markets served as a major intellectual justification for deregulation. The theory posits that if a monopolist or oligopolist begins to earn supracompetitive profits, new competitive entry, or the threat thereof, will restore pricing competition. If incumbents raise rates above competitive levels, new entrants would be attracted like sharks to the smell of blood. The theory is premised upon the belief that economic barriers to entry and economies of scale in the airline industry are relatively modest. Even the threat of entry would be sufficient to discipline the market and restore the competitive equilibrium. Contestability has not served as a significant competitive catalyst in the deregulated airline industry, and has since been abandoned by the Justice Department, which now regulates airline mergers. Because of formidable barriers to entry, many airlines are now able to exert market power in the markets which they dominate. With the creation of frequent flyer programs, travel agent commission overrides, and megacarrier dominance in fortress hubs and computer reservations systems, the entry of new carriers is highly unlikely today. In a situation where market power exists, prices rise and the level of service can deteriorate; excessive wealth is transferred from consumers to producers, and society's resources are misallocated. As consumers purchase alternative products or services it costs society more to produce.
