Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Devices for Optical Communications written by Melikyan, Argishti and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A short introduction to the theory of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is given. The application of the SPPs in on-chip signal processing is discussed. In particular, two concepts of plasmonic modulators are reported, wherein the SPPs are modulated by 40 Gbit/s electrical signals. Phase and Mach-Zehnder modulators employing the Pockels effect in electro-optic organic materials are discussed. A few micro-meter long SPP absorption modulator based on a thin layer of indium-tin-oxide is reported.

Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Devices for Optical Communications written by Argishti Melikyan and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A short introduction to the theory of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is given. The application of the SPPs in on-chip signal processing is discussed. In particular, two concepts of plasmonic modulators are reported, wherein the SPPs are modulated by 40 Gbit/s electrical signals. Phase and Mach-Zehnder modulators employing the Pockels effect in electro-optic organic materials are discussed. A few micro-meter long SPP absorption modulator based on a thin layer of indium-tin-oxide is reported. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Devices written by Maziar Pourabdollah Nezhad and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the characteristics of dealing with photons is that many interesting and potentially useful optical phenomena happen on the scale of the wavelength or smaller. The interaction of light with structures in this size range has garnered a great deal of attention in the past few years, and has been aptly named 'Nanophotonics'. One of the goals in this field is to study the behavior of different material systems at the nanoscale, in order to create new photonic applications in different disciplines. Metal structures have been used as optical reflectors for many centuries. However metals are not only good reflectors of light. As we shall see, they have properties similar to a collection of free electrons with negative permittivity. This unique characteristic leads to extraordinary optical properties, which are collectively called 'plasmonic' and has led to the development of a corresponding branch of photonics, called 'Plasmonics'. In this work we will be focusing on various properties and applications of plasmonic materials and devices. We start by reviewing the basic properties of metals together with their plasmonic and optical characteristics. Following that we investigate the properties of metal gratings, with special attention given to subwavelength metal gratings and their application to polarization control. Also two novel devices based on these gratings are introduced. Then we address the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons on metal slabs and stripes. Specifically, the long range plasmon polarition modes are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Fabrication approaches for making devices that utilize these modes are presented together with optical characterization results. In addition, the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in the vicinity of an optical gain medium is treated theoretically. Also, the properties of various gain media are reviewed and the practical implementation of gain assisted plasmonic devices is discussed. We also revisit the use of metals as reflection devices and discuss their application for creating subwavelength resonators. Using the results of this study, resonant nanoscale structures are proposed with the goal of creating nanoscale lasers emitting in the near infrared. In continuation, we explore the optical properties of metals at low temperatures, both theoretically and experimentally. The ellipsometric measurements carried out in this context suggest that it may be possible to enhance the plasmonic properties of metals by cooling them to cryogenic temperatures.

Download or read book Active Plasmonic Devices written by Diana Martín Becerra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the effect of the magnetic field on propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), or surface plasmons for short. Above all, it focuses on using the magnetic field as an external agent to modify the properties of the SPPs, and therefore achieving active devices. Surface plasmons are evanescent waves that arise at metal–dielectric interfaces. They can be strongly confined (beyond the light diffraction limit), and provide a strong enhancement of the electromagnetic field at the interface. These waves have led to the development of plasmonic circuitry, which is a key candidate as an alternative to electronic circuitry and traditional optical telecommunication devices, since it is faster than the former and less bulky than the latter. Adopting both a theoretical and an experimental point of view, the book analyzes the magnetic modulation in SPPs by means of an interferometer engraved in a multilayer combining Au and Co. In this interferometer, which acts like a modulator, the SPP magnetic modulation is studied in detail, as are the parameters that have a relevant impact on it, simple ways to enhance it, its spectral dependence, and the highly promising possibility of using this system for biosensing. The thesis ultimately arrives at the conclusion that this method can provide values of modulations similar to other active methods used in plasmonics.

Download or read book Superfocusing Biosensing and Modulation in Plasmonics written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plasmonic Devices Employing Extreme Light Concentration written by Ragip Pala and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of integrated electronic and photonic circuits has led to remarkable data processing and transport capabilities that permeate almost every facet of our daily lives. Scaling these devices to smaller and smaller dimensions has enabled faster, more power efficient and inexpensive components but has also brought about a myriad of new challenges. One very important challenge is the growing size mismatch between electronic and photonic components. To overcome this challenge, we will need to develop radically new device technologies that can facilitate information transport between nanoscale components at optical frequencies and form a bridge between the world of nano-electronic and micro-photonics. Plasmonics is an exciting new field of science and technology that aims to exploit the unique optical properties of metallic nanostructures to gain a new level of control over light-matter interactions. The use of nanometallic (plasmonic) structures may help bridge the size gap between the two technologies and enable an increased synergy between chip-scale electronics and photonics. In the first part of this dissertation we analyze the performance of a surface plasmon-polariton all-optical switch that combines the unique physical properties of small molecules and metallic (plasmonic) nanostructures. The switch consists of a pair of gratings defined on an aluminum film coated with a thin layer of photochromic (PC) molecules. The first grating couples a signal beam consisting of free space photons to SPPs that interact effectively with the PC molecules. These molecules can reversibly be switched between transparent and absorbing states using a free space optical pump. In the transparent (signal "on") state, the SPPs freely propagate through the molecular layer, and in the absorbing (signal "off") state, the SPPs are strongly attenuated. The second grating serves to decouple the SPPs back into a free space optical beam, enabling measurement of the modulated signal with a far-field detector. We confirm and quantify the switching behavior of the PC molecules by using a surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The quantitative experimental and theoretical analysis of the nonvolatile switching behavior guides the design of future nanoscale optically or electrically pumped optical switches. In the second part of the dissertation we provide a critical assessment of the opportunities for use of plasmonic nanostructures in thin film solar cell technology. Thin-film solar cells have attracted significant attention as they provide a viable pathway towards reduced materials and processing costs. Unfortunately, the materials quality and resulting energy conversion efficiencies of such cells is still limiting their rapid large-scale implementation. The low efficiencies are a direct result of the large mismatch between electronic and photonic length scales in these devices; the absorption depth of light in popular PV semiconductors tends to be longer than the electronic (minority carrier) diffusion length in deposited thin-film materials. As a result, charge extraction from optically thick cells is challenging due to carrier recombination in the bulk of the semiconductor. We discuss how light absorption could be improved in ultra-thin layers of active material making use of large scattering cross sections of plasmonic structures. We present a combined computational-experimental study aimed at optimizing plasmon-enhanced absorption using periodic and non-periodic metal nanostructure arrays.

Download or read book Active Plasmonics and Tuneable Plasmonic Metamaterials written by Anatoly V. Zayats and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, edited by two of the most respected researchers in plasmonics, gives an overview of the current state in plasmonics and plasmonic-based metamaterials, with an emphasis on active functionalities and an eye to future developments. This book is multifunctional, useful for newcomers and scientists interested in applications of plasmonics and metamaterials as well as for established researchers in this multidisciplinary area.

Download or read book Active Control of Surface Plasmons in Hybrid Nanostructures written by Sukanya Randhawa and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmonics nanostructures are becoming remarkably important as tools towards manipulating photons at the nanoscale. They are poised to revolutionize a wide range of applications ranging from integrated optical circuits, photovoltaics, and biosensing. They enable miniaturization of optical components beyond the "diffraction limit'' as they convert optical radiation into highly confined electromagnetic near-fields in the vicinity of subwavelength metallic structures due to excitation of surface plasmons (SPs). These strong electromagnetic fields generated at the plasmonic "hot spots'' raise exciting prospects in terms of driving nonlinear effects in active media. The area of active plasmonics aims at the modulation of SPs supported at the interface of a metal and a nonlinear material by an external control signal. The nonlinear material changes its refractive index under an applied control signal, thereby resulting in an overall altered plasmonic response. Such hybrid nanostructures also allow for the creation of new kinds of hybrid states. This not only provides tools for designing active plasmonic devices, but is also a means of re-examining existing conventional rules of light-matter interactions. Therefore, the need for studying such hybrid plasmonic nanostructures both theoretically and experimentally cannot be understated. The present work seeks to advance and study the control of SPs excited in hybrid systems combining active materials and nanometallics, by an external optical signal or an applied voltage. Different types of plasmonic geometries have been explored via modeling tools such as frequency domain methods, and further investigated experimentally using both near-field and far field techniques such as scanning near field optical microscopy and leakage radiation microscopy respectively. First, passive SP elements were studied, such as the dielectric plasmonic mirrors that demonstrate the ability of gratings made of dielectric ridges placed on top of flat metal layers to open gaps in the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The results show very good reflecting properties of these mirrors for a propagating SPP whose wavelength is inside the gap. Another passive configuration employed was a plasmonic resonator consisting of dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide ring resonator (WRR). Also, a more robust variant has been proposed by replacing the ring in the WRR with a disk (WDR). The performance in terms of wavelength selectivity and efficiency of the WDRs was evaluated and was shown to be in good agreement with numerical results. Control of SPP signal was demonstrated in the WRR configuration both electro-optically and all-optically. In the case of electro-optical control, the dielectric host matrix was doped with an electro-optical material and combined with an appropriate set of planar electrodes. A 16% relative change of transmission upon application of a controlled electric field was measured. For all-optical control, nonlinearity based on trans-cis isomerization in a polymer material is utilized. More than a 3-fold change between high and low transmission states of the device at milliwatt control powers ( ̃100 W/cm̂2 intensity) was observed. Beyond the active control of propagating surface plasmons, further advancement can be achieved by means of nanoscale plasmonic structures supporting localized surface plasmons (LSP). Interactions of molecular excitations in a pi-conjugated polymer with plasmonic polarizations are investigated in hybrid plasmonic cavities. Insights into the fundamentals of enhanced light-matter interactions in hybrid subwavelength structures with extreme light concentration are drawn, using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. This thesis also gives an overview of the challenges and opportunities that hybrid plasmonic functionalities provide in the field of plasmon nano optics.

Download or read book Plasmonic Nanoelectronics and Sensing written by Er-Ping Li and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmonic nanostructures provide new ways of manipulating the flow of light with nanostructures and nanoparticles exhibiting optical properties never before seen in the macro-world. Covering plasmonic technology from fundamental theory to real world applications, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the field. • Discusses the fundamental theory of plasmonics, enabling a deeper understanding of plasmonic technology • Details numerical methods for modeling, design and optimization of plasmonic nanostructures • Includes step-by-step design guidelines for active and passive plasmonic devices, demonstrating the implementation of real devices in the standard CMOS nanoscale electronic-photonic integrated circuit to help cut design, fabrication and characterisation time and cost • Includes real-world case studies of plasmonic devices and sensors, explaining the benefits and downsides of different nanophotonic integrated circuits and sensing platforms. Ideal for researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of nanophotonics and nanoelectronics as well as optical biosensing.

Download or read book Optical and Wireless Technologies written by Manish Tiwari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-13 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises select proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Optical and Wireless Technologies (OWT 2021). The contents of this book focus on research carried out in optical communication, optoelectronics, optics, wireless communication, wireless networks, sensors, mobile communications, and antenna and wave propagation. The book also explores the combined use of various optical and wireless technologies in next-generation applications and their latest developments in the applications such as photonics, high-speed communication systems and networks, visible light communication, nanophotonics, and wireless and MIMO systems. This book serves as a reference to scientists, academicians, engineers, and policy-makers interested in the field of optical and wireless technologies.

Download or read book 21st Century Nanoscience A Handbook written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 21st Century Nanoscience - A Handbook: Nanophotonics, Nanoelectronics, and Nanoplasmonics (Volume 6) will be the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field of nanoscience. Handbook of Nanophysics by the same editor published in the fall of 2010 and was embraced as the first comprehensive reference to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of nanophysics. This follow-up project has been conceived as a necessary expansion and full update that considers the significant advances made in the field since 2010. It goes well beyond the physics as warranted by recent developments in the field. This sixth volume in a ten-volume set covers nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanoplasmonics. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field. Chapters written by international experts in the field. Emphasises presentation and real results and applications. This handbook distinguishes itself from other works by its breadth of coverage, readability and timely topics. The intended readership is very broad, from students and instructors to engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical researchers, industry professionals, governmental scientists, and others whose work is impacted by nanotechnology. It will be an indispensable resource in academic, government, and industry libraries worldwide. The fields impacted by nanophysics extend from materials science and engineering to biotechnology, biomedical engineering, medicine, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical science, computer technology, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, food science, and beyond.

Download or read book Highly Localised Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Active Metallo organic Multilayer Structures written by Hong Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amplification of surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic systems have been of great interest for realizing active nanophotonic devices. In this thesis, we present a study about optical gain of SPPs supported in planar metallo-organic multilayer structures based on the Kretchmann geometry. First, we present the effect of varying the geometry on behaviours of surface plasmon propagation, which appear as the change of angular reflectivity. A theoretical approach explains the characteristics well. A kind of conjugated polymer material is introduced to the structures for obtaining gain. A film of this material with nanometer thickness is attached close to a metallic layer, being optically excited to supply energy. For understanding the interaction between surface plasmon polaritons and the active films, we experimentally investigate energy transfer channels from the active material to surface plasmons with an aid of a theoretical analysis. This result provides a strong evidence of being capable of exciting surface plasmon polaritons via dipole excitation. We also report an experimental demonstration of optical gain properties in conventional waveguide structures where the active material acts as propagating channel by measuring amplified spontaneous emission phenomena, providing information of achievable optical gam. Based on the strong evidences of both the active and passive properties, we demonstrate plasmonic gain in the structure incorporating the polymer film for the first time. For this, a double lock-in amplifier system is introduced. Plasmonic modal gain is explained with a support of theoretical estimates. The achieved modal gain is 9 cm-I. This work suggests the design principle for active nano plasmonic devices.

Download or read book Active Plasmonic Nanomaterials written by Luciano De Sio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-24 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) represent an outstanding class of nanomaterials that have the capability to localize light at the nanoscale by exploiting a phenomenon called localized plasmon resonance. The book is aimed at reviewing recent efforts devoted to utilize NPs in many research fields, such as photonics, optics, and plasmonics. In this fram

Download or read book Plasmonics Theory and Applications written by Tigran V. Shahbazyan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume summarizes recent theoretical developments in plasmonics and its applications in physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, and medicine. It focuses on recent advances in several major areas of plasmonics including plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies, light scattering, many-body effects, nonlinear optics, and ultrafast dynamics. The theoretical and computational methods used in these investigations include electromagnetic calculations, density functional theory calculations, and nonequilibrium electron dynamics calculations. The book presents a comprehensive overview of these methods as well as their applications to various current problems of interest.

Download or read book Plasmonic Organic and Silicon Organic Hybrid Modulators for High Speed Signal Processing written by Ummethala, Sandeep and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-speed electro-optic modulators in silicon platform are introduced and experimentally verified. The devices rely on plasmonic and photonic slot waveguides and are combined with efficient organic electro-optic materials. The bandwidth limitation of conventional silicon-organic-hybrid modulators is circumvented by capacitive coupling of the microwave signal. An advanced terahertz link that upconverts data directly from a 360 GHz carrier to an optical carrier is demonstrated for the first time.

Download or read book Active and Passive Plasmonic Waveguides for Superior Photonics Applications written by Dayan Kanishka Handapangoda and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guiding optical energy in metal-dielectric nanostructures by the use ofplasmon excitations known as surface plasmons has received much attentionover the past few decades. The diverse applications of this technologyspan many areas in modern science, including scanning near-field optical microscopy(SNOM), bio-medical imaging and sensing, surface-enhanced Ramanspectroscopy (SERS), and the realization of nanophotonic circuit elements. Plasmonicwaveguides play a prominent role in the efficient operation of these devices,which are responsible for carrying optical signals in subwavelength dimensions.The guided optical modes suffer from propagation losses that arise due tovarious factors, such as scattering from surface imperfections in waveguides, absorptionlosses in dielectrics, and ohmic heating in metals. Even though scatteringlosses may be minimized by employing cutting-edge fabrication techniquesthat stem from the rapid advancements in material engineering, and dielectriclosses are often negligibly small, the metal losses are high in magnitude and thuscannot be overlooked. Since metals are essential to sustain and guide the plasmonicmodes, metal losses cannot be entirely eliminated. However, these lossesmay be compensated by doping the dielectric with rare-earth ions and providingoptical gain via pumping. Since the amount of optical gain that can be suppliedis practically limited, it is vital that waveguides are designed in such a way thatthe detrimental effects of metal losses are minimal.Waveguides of different geometrical shapes and arrangements have been identified as candidates for plasmonic waveguides, such as planar waveguides, circularcylinders, waveguides with square and triangular cross-sections, metalwedges and grooves, and linear chains of metal and metal-dielectric compositeparticles. These geometries have their own merits and demerits, in terms ofthe propagation losses and mode confinement. In this dissertation, the focus ison planar and circularly cylindrical geometries, and a number of both active andpassive multi-layer structures are examined numerically, as well as analytically,for the efficient propagation of plasmonic modes. The effect of the geometricalparameters of the waveguide on propagation characteristics is investigated belowthe plasmon resonance frequency.Considering a planar waveguide consisting of a finite dielectric layer on athick metal, it is shown that the guided mode experiences maximal modal gain ata particular thickness of the optically pumped dielectric layer. The threshold gainrequired to fully compensate for the losses (critical gain) in a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide of infinite extent is estimated analytically, and an exactanalytical expression for the confinement factor is derived. The more realisticcase of an MDM structure with finite metal layers is also investigated, and it isrevealed that thicknesses of metal/dielectric layers can be adjusted to ensure thefurthest propagation of the guided mode. When the dielectric region is pumpedto provide optical gain, the losses may be suppressed by minimal pump power ata particular choice of geometrical parameters. Additionally, it is shown that thegain experienced by the mode also becomes minimal, depending on the waveguidegeometry. An exact analytical expression for the confinement factor is alsopresented. For a dielectric-metal-dielectric waveguide capped with metal, anapproximate analytical solution for the dispersion equation is derived. The optimalgeometrical parameters that yield the furthest propagation of the mode andcompensation of losses with minimal optical gain are estimated analytically. Furthermore,approximate analytical expressions for the critical gain and the confinement factor are derived.Several composite cylindrical nanowire structures are also investigated forplasmonic guiding. For a nanowire consisting of a dielectric core and a metalcladding, it is shown that the critical gain becomes minimal at a particularcladding thickness. Similarly, the geometrical parameters of metal-core dielectriccladnanowires can also be chosen to lower the material gain requirement. CylindricalMDM nanowires are also investigated, and it is shown that the guidedmode can be strongly confined within the dielectric layer. The existence of optimalnanowire geometry that enables maximum propagation length of the modeand compensation of metal losses with minimal material gain is found.

Download or read book Electrically Driven Active Plasmonic Devices written by Young Chul Jun and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: