Download or read book Acclimation of Nitrifiers for Activated Sludge Treatment written by Robert A. Zimmerman and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-06-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrification kinetics were evaluated in bench-scale batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater containing approximately 1,000 mg ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N)/L operated at 5, 10, and 20 day solids retention times (SRTs) and with dewatered biosolids supernatant (1,126 to 1,680 mg NH3-N/L) operated at a 20-day SRT. For the 5- and 10-day SRTs, complete nitrification appeared to be inhibited by the presence of un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid. For the 20-day SRT, near complete nitrification was observed for both substrates. Observed ammonium oxidation rates decreased with increasing SRT. Observed yield coefficients were similar for all SRTs and substrates. Fully established steady-state conditions were observed at higher SRTs despite process start-up and operational considerations. Although it may be possible to culture a nitrifier population capable of near-complete nitrification at lower SRTs, the design configuration and operational strategy must mitigate the potential for un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid inhibition (e.g. process start-up at lower concentration with gradual increase to higher concentration, continuous feed operation, etc). Batch bioaugmentation analyses were conducted in the mixed liquor suspended solids and final clarifier effluent from a non-nitrifying activated sludge with seed nitrifiers developed from the 20-day SRT reactors and with biomass from a nitrifying trickling filter facility. Ammonia removal was observed in all bioaugmentation analyses with no apparent lag or acclimation period. Observed ammonium oxidation rates were not significantly different between the seed and batch bioaugmentation reactors. Acclimation does not appear to be a critical obstacle for nitrifier bioaugmentation when environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, pH, etc.) between the seed and bioaugmentation processes are not significantly different.

Download or read book The Combined Sharon Anammox Process written by L. G. J. M. van Dongen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-09-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater treatment management, alongside many other industries, is seeking to attain a higher degree of sustainability for its processes by focusing on new technologies which minimise the consumption of resources or even recover them from the wastewater. Conventional removal of ammonium requires usually large amounts of energy for aeration and organic carbon for denitrification. This report focuses on making the nitrogen-removal process more sustainable. This can be achieved by a partial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, after which the nitrate produced can be converted into nitrogen gas with the rest of ammonium under anoxic conditions. The treatment of nitrogen-rich water can be carried out beneficially by a combination of the Sharon process with the Anammox process. In this combined process less than 50% of the aeration energy is needed, no COD is required and an insignificant amount of sludge is produced. In this Report the potential of using this technology for the treatment of water arising from sludge treatment at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is evaluated and the results of the operation of the system are described in detail. This reject water contains a significant fraction of the N-load towards the wastewater treatment plant. The results are used in an economic evaluation of a potential full scale installation. The Combined Sharon/Anammox Process Report will provide an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with the efficient and sustainable treatment of wastewater including plant managers, process designers, consultants and researchers.

Download or read book Powdered Activated Carbon Enhanced Nitrification of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment written by Michael K. Stenstrom and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-11 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, industrial wastewater treatment primarily focused on the removal of BOD and suspended solids. In recent years, however, the focus has changed to aquatic toxicity, priority pollutants, and volatile organics. This required changes in how we design and operate biological treatment plants. Many existing plants must be retrofitted. New approaches to meet new requirements are discussed in detail. The authors, with a combined experience of sixty years, have presented case studies for a wide variety of industrial wastewaters including pulp and paper, food processing, chemical and pharmaceuticals, and textile wastewaters. Data interpretation and process design are developed through the use of seventeen examples. Procedures for the laboratory and pilot plant generation of process design data are presented. Emphasis is placed on meeting the many new regulations governing industrial wastewater discharges.

Download or read book Nitrification in Saline Industrial Wastewater written by Moustafa Samir Moussa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation considers various questions with respect to the effects of salinity on nutrification: what are the main inhibiting factors causing the effects, do all salts have similar effects, what is the maximum acceptable salt level, are ammonia oxidisers or nitrite oxidizers most sensitive to salt stress, can nitrifiers adapt to long term sa

Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-04 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Process Theory Kinetics and Sludge Quality Control: Activated Sludge Process - Process Theory - Activated Sludge Separation Problems - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Municipal Wastewater U.S.A. Practice: General Approach - Clarifier Design - Aeration Tank (Reactor) Design - Appurtenance Design - Configurations - References European Practices: Introduction - Historical Perspective - Process Design - Models - Dynamic Models - Aeration Systems - Alternatives to the Main Types of Aeration Units - Secondary Settlement - Process Sequences - Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA) - Some Other Process Variants - Future Trends - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Industrial Waters: Introduction - Pretreatment of Industrial Wastewater - Characterization of Industrial Wastewater - Principles of Biological Oxidation - Acclimation of Biological Sludges - Kinetics of Organic Removal - Activated Sludge Effluent Variability - Bioinhibition of the Activated Sludge Process - Effect of Temperature - Sludge Quality Control - Stripping of Volatile Organics - Nitrification and Denitrification - Activated Sludge Processes - Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters in Municipal Activated Sludge Plants - Application of Powdered Activated Carbon (PACT) - Final Clarification - Effluent Suspended Solids Control - Laboratory and Pilot Plant Procedures for the Development of Process Design Criteria - Activated Sludge Design Procedure for Soluble Wastewater Using Complete Mix Activated Sludge - Design Procedure for a Wastewater Containing Degradable Influent Volatile Suspended Solids - Design for Priority Pollutant Removal - References.

Download or read book Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-03-19 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process. Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes–the nitrifying bacteria–and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes–the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include: Organotrophs The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle Nitrite Ion Accumulation Dissolved Oxygen Denitrifying Bacteria Gaseous End Products Free Molecular Oxygen The Occurrence of Denitrification

Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-04 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Process Theory Kinetics and Sludge Quality Control: Activated Sludge Process - Process Theory - Activated Sludge Separation Problems - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Municipal Wastewater U.S.A. Practice: General Approach - Clarifier Design - Aeration Tank (Reactor) Design - Appurtenance Design - Configurations - References European Practices: Introduction - Historical Perspective - Process Design - Models - Dynamic Models - Aeration Systems - Alternatives to the Main Types of Aeration Units - Secondary Settlement - Process Sequences - Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA) - Some Other Process Variants - Future Trends - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Industrial Waters: Introduction - Pretreatment of Industrial Wastewater - Characterization of Industrial Wastewater - Principles of Biological Oxidation - Acclimation of Biological Sludges - Kinetics of Organic Removal - Activated Sludge Effluent Variability - Bioinhibition of the Activated Sludge Process - Effect of Temperature - Sludge Quality Control - Stripping of Volatile Organics - Nitrification and Denitrification - Activated Sludge Processes - Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters in Municipal Activated Sludge Plants - Application of Powdered Activated Carbon (PACT) - Final Clarification - Effluent Suspended Solids Control - Laboratory and Pilot Plant Procedures for the Development of Process Design Criteria - Activated Sludge Design Procedure for Soluble Wastewater Using Complete Mix Activated Sludge - Design Procedure for a Wastewater Containing Degradable Influent Volatile Suspended Solids - Design for Priority Pollutant Removal - References.

Download or read book Activated Carbon for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Ferhan Cecen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations. After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot- and full-scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment. A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.

Download or read book Nitrification in Saline Industrial Wastewater written by Moustafa Samir Moussa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation considers various questions with respect to the effects of salinity on nutrification: what are the main inhibiting factors causing the effects, do all salts have similar effects, what is the maximum acceptable salt level, are ammonia oxidisers or nitrite oxidizers most sensitive to salt stress, can nitrifiers adapt to long term salt stress and are some specific nitrifiers more resistant to salt stress than others? Research was carried out at laboratory scale and in full-scale plants and modelling was employed in both phases to provide a mathematical description for salt inhibition on nitrification and to facilitate the comparison. The result has led to an improved understanding of the effect of salinity on nitrification. The results can be used to improve the sustainability of the exisisting wastewater treatment plants operated under salt stress.

Download or read book Activated Sludge Technologies for Treating Industrial Wastewaters written by W. Wesley Eckenfelder and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical information for using activated sludge to treat effluents from multiple industries Covers virtually all traditional and advanced methods, as well as treatability and process modeling New methods for removing U.S. and European regulated microconstituents, trace organics, active pharmaceutical ingredients and other contaminants Explains advances in water reuse and plant retrofitting Useful for in-house training This comprehensive book presents critical information on the applications of activated sludge for treating industrial wastewaters, as well as other effluents that impact POTWs. The book offers details on how advances in activated sludge can be deployed to meet more stringent discharge limits by explaining many novel variations of activated sludge and offering technical guidance on process modeling and optimization. Special attention is given to emerging contaminants and water reuse strategies. Case studies are drawn from the pharma, food and shale gas industries. Based on short courses taught by the authors, as well as hundreds of hours of in-plant consulting, this book offers the tools to understand and modify the activated sludge process for superior and sustainable wastewater treatment. From the Authors' Preface: "After speaking with practitioners, operators and engineers, the authors felt a new text was needed...to cover the following developments: "the continued evolution of the activated sludge process and its numerous designs, configurations and technology developments; "design of industrial water reuse systems...to achieve industry sustainability goals; "changes...from BOD, TSS and nutrient removal to removal of specific organics, toxicity...microconstituents, and more stringent effluent permit limits; "advances in process modeling tools that can be used in combination with treatability testing tools for plant design, optimization and troubleshooting; "concerns over industrial wastewater discharge impacts to POTWs, such as nitrification inhibition, the impact of frac water...and the fate of microconstituents through POTWs."

Download or read book Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models written by Leiv Rieger and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modelling of activated sludge systems is used widely for plant design, optimisation, training, controller design and research. The quality of simulation studies varies depending on the project objectives, finances and expertise available. Consideration has to be given to the model accuracy and the amount of time required carrying out a simulation study to produce the desired accuracy. Inconsistent approaches and insufficient documentation make quality assessment and comparison of simulation results difficult or almost impossible. A general framework for the application of activated sludge models is needed in order to overcome these obstacles. The genesis of the Good Modelling Practice (GMP) Task Group lies in a workshop held at the 4th IWA World Water Congress in Marrakech, Morocco where members of research groups active in wastewater treatment modelling came together to develop plans to synthesize the best practices of modellers from all over the world. The most cited protocols were included in the work, amongst others from: HSG (Hochschulgruppe), STOWA, BIOMATH and WERF. The goal of the group is to set up an internationally accepted framework to deal with the ASM type models in practice. This framework shall make modelling more straightforward and systematic to use especially for practitioners and consultants. Additionally, it shall help to define quality levels for simulation results, a procedure to assess this quality and to assist in the proper use of the models. The framework will describe a methodology for goal-oriented application of activated sludge models demonstrated by means of a concise guideline about the procedure of a simulation study and some illustrative case studies. The case studies shall give examples for the required data quality and quantity and the effort for calibration/validation with respect to a defined goal. The final report will include an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Additional features in Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models include a chapter on modelling industrial wastewater, an overview on the history, current practice and future of activated sludge modelling and several explanatory case studies. It can be used as an introductory book to learn about Good Modelling Practice (GMP) in activated sludge modelling and will be of special interest for process engineers who have no prior knowledge of modelling or for lecturers who need a textbook for their students. The STR can also be used as a modelling reference book and includes an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Scientific and Technical Report No. 22

Download or read book Perspectives in Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology written by Daham I. Alani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upon an invitation from Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States "ABEGS"; an International Conference on Biotechnology and Applied Microbiol ogy was held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 12-15 November 1984. The Conference was sponsored by ABEGS and organized through coopera tion with Saudi Biological Society "SBS". ABEGS was established in 1976 with the aim of coordinating, unifying and developing all aspects of Education, Culture and Science in the Gulf States. In the field of publications, ABEGS is publishing various books, pamphlets and two scientific journals, one in Arabic and the other in English entitled: the Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research. This volume contains topics presented by the invited speakers and selected papers from among those submitted by participants. Selection was done on basis of some of the invited talks. Main topics of the conference were grouped into sections representing seven themes of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology: - production of microbial proteins - utilization of microorganisms for the production of chemicals - microbial treatment and utilization of waste - continuous culture - application of biotechnology in plant science - applied microbiology and environment and - applied microbiology and biotechnology: international cooperation - tween developed and developing countries. Some of the topics in this volume present surveys of recent developments in several important areas of biotechnology and applied microbiology, while the remaining papers carry detailed research contributions.

Download or read book Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modelling written by Henryk Melcer and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for the design, analysis and control of wastewater treatment systems. The activated sludge process is one of the most common processes used in wastewater treatment, and therefore is a particularly important candidate for the application of mathematical models. In the 1980s, a task group organized by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) developed a conceptual model of the activated sludge process, which has become an industry-wide standard for the development of computer-based activated sludge models. A recent version of the IAWQ model incorporates 19 components, 17 processes, and numerous rate and stoichiometric coefficients. It is difficult and costly to quantify all of the necessary coefficients for any given application of the model; consequently, it is important to identify the most critical wastewater and biomass components and the relevant coefficients to be quantified for the most common uses of the model. It is also important to provide guidance to potential model users on the use of default and/or estimated values for the remaining parameters.

Download or read book Toxicity Testing Using Microorganisms written by Bernard J. Dutka and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1986, this two-volume set offers comprehensive insight into the testing of toxic substances using microorganisms as reference. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of medicine and other practitioners in their respective fields.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biotechnology for Waste Management and Site Restoration written by C. Ronneau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology for Waste Management and Site Restoration covers: waste management - solid, gaseous, liquid; site restoration - radioactivity, organics, toxic metals; educational, economic, social and business aspects; and international collaboration. International collaboration is growing apace and many concrete projects have been started. The body of knowledge is growing. Over the long term, it is envisaged that this international collaboration will result in a long-term scientific and technological strategy, new technologies and alternative solutions, and practical implementations of biotechnology for the nuclear and industrial sectors of the economy.