Download or read book A Two stream Multilayer Spectral Radiative Transfer Model for Sea Ice written by Donald K. Perovich and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflection, absorption, and transmission of light at visible and near-infrared wavelengths is important for a number of geophysical problems. Light reflection is an important parameter in remote sensing studies, absorption is significant to ice thermodynamics, and transmission strongly influences biological activity in and under the ice. The focus of this report is on the reflection and transmission of light by spatially inhomogeneous and temporally varying sea ice covers. This is investigated using a two-stream, multilayer radiative transfer model in the wavelength region from 400 to 1000nm. The model is computationally simple and utilizes the available experimental data on the optical properties of sea ice. The ice cover is characterized as a layered medium composed of selections from nine distinct snow and ice types. Three case studies are presented illustrating values of spectral albedo, transmittance, and transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for 1) a spatially inhomogeneous ice cover, 2) a uniform ice cover as it undergoes a melt cycle, and 3) a temporally changing spatially variable ice cover. The importance of thickness and surface conditions on the reflected and transmitted radiation fields is demonstrated. Keywords: Albedo, Arctic, Radiative transfer, Sea ice, Shortwave radiation.

Download or read book A Two stream Multilaver Spectral Radiative Transfer Model for Sea Ice written by Donald K. Perovich and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CRREL Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CRREL Benchnotes written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice written by W. Gareth Rees and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances in spaceborne instrumentation, remote sensing, and data analysis have occurred in recent years, but until now there has been no book that reflects these advances while delivering a uniform treatment of the remote sensing of frozen regions. Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice identifies unifying themes and ideas in these fields and presents them in a single volume. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the remote sensing of the Earth’s cryosphere. Explaining why cryospheric observations are important and why remote sensing observations are essential, it offers thorough surveys of the physical properties of ice and snow, and of current and emerging remote sensing techniques. Presenting a technical review of how the properties of snow and ice relate to remote sensing observations, the book focuses on principles by which useful geophysical information becomes encoded into the electromagnetic radiation detected during the remote sensing process. The author then discusses in detail the application of remote sensing methods to snow, freshwater ice, glaciers, and icebergs. The book concludes with a summary that examines what remote sensing has revealed about the cryosphere, where major technical problems still exist, and how these problems can be addressed.

Download or read book Benchnotes written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Arctic Oceanography written by and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1995 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technical Reports Awareness Circular TRAC written by and published by . This book was released on 1989-11 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sea Ice Properties and Processes written by Stephen F. Ackley and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of 84 papers/abstracts. Section topics include : 1) Physical properties of sea ice -- Structural and chemical properties, Optical, electrical, acoustical and mechanical properties, and Biological and sediment inclusions in sea ice; Morphological processes in sea ice -- Leads and pressure ridges; Large-scale variations in drift, extent, snowmelt and concentration of sea ice; Satellite and airborne remote sensing; Sea ice and ice-ocean modeling; Polar oceanography -- Field observations.

Download or read book Ocean Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Springer Series in Light Scattering written by Alexander Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the spaceborne and airborne remote sensing of clouds including cloud lidar and radar data analysis, snow and soil reflectance spectroscopy, and single light scattering by nonspherical scatterers. Providing deep insights into the latest technologies, it is a valuable resource for scientists and postgraduate students alike.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Optics X written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Changing Plankton Communities Causes Effects and Consequences written by Kristian Spilling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine ecosystems are changing at an unprecedented rate. In addition to the direct effects of e.g. warming surface temperatures, the environmental changes also cause shifts in plankton communities. Plankton makes up the base of the marine food web and plays a pivotal role in global biogeochemical cycles. Any shifts in the plankton community composition could have drastic consequences for marine ecosystem functioning. This Research Topic focuses on causes, effects and consequences of such shifts in the plankton community structure.

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Arctic Research of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: