Download or read book A Survey of Child Safety Seat and Safety Belt Use in Virginia the 1987 Update Final Report written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Survey of Child Safety Seat and Safety Belt Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report has been prepared in response to a request from the Transportation Safety Administration of the Department of Motor Vehicles for data concerning the use of safety belts and child safety seats by the occupants of vehicles bearing Virginia license plates. In an effort to track changes in safety belt use as a result of various statutory enactments, enforcement campaigns, and public information efforts, a series of surveys were conducted. These surveys occurred over two time periods: 1974 through 1977, and 1983 through 1989. During the period ending in 1986, only the four major metropolitan areas of the state were used for data collection. From 1987 through 1989, survey sites were added in nine smaller communities. These areas are referred to as "towns," although several are legally classified as cities. Prior to enactment of the child safety seat law in the 1982 session of the Virginia General Assembly and the occupant restraint law in the 1987 session, belt use by the affected groups (children under 4 years of age and all front seat occupants) showed small yearly increases. After the effective date of each of the statutes, there was a markedly large increase in use by both target groups. The child seat use rate has remained relatively stable over the entire 7-year postlaw period, at approximately two-thirds of those surveyed. The front seat rate peaked at nearly 63% in the first 6 months after the effective date of law and subsequently declined to about 55% (p

Download or read book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observational surveys of safety belt use in Virginia have been conducted in two series. The first covered 1974 through 1977, and the second 1983 through 1988. This report is concerned only with the latter series and encompasses use rates that are the result of passage of the Child Safety Seat Law (Senate Bill 413), which went into effect on January 1, 1983, and the Mandatory Use Law (MUL) (House Bill 1210), which went into effect on January 1, 1988. Observed belt usages are analyzed according to a number of occupant, vehicle, and geographic characteristics. Each of these is discussed in a separate section of the report. There were gradual increases in safety belt use in the urban areas between 1983 and 1987. Subsequent to the effective date of the state MUL, there was a sharp rise in use rates. In 1988, 68.9% of the urban drivers and 50.8% of the urban passengers used a safety belt. Use rates in the towns were much lower than those for the urban areas, but there also was a large increase in usage rates subsequent to the MUL. Although there were large differences in the belt use rates among the towns surveyed, 55.8% of the town drivers and 37.1% of the town passengers were belt users in 1988. The combined statewide rates were 65.5% for drivers and 46.8% for passengers--rates of use nearly double the pre-MUL rates of 34.3% and 28.9%. A number of other findings are presented in the report. Among these are the following: (1) belt use was highest in the northern area of the state; (2) there was little difference in use rates throughout the day; (3) approximately two-thirds of all the infants were in safety seats; (4) 37.5% (1987) and 21.4% (1988) of the child seats were misused in an obvious way; and (5) with the exception of infants, older adults had the highest rates of use in 1988. It was concluded that passage of the Child Safety Seat Law and the MUL had a major positive influence on safety belt use rates in Virginia. It is recommended that efforts to bolster the belt-wearing habits of Virginians should be directed to the residents of the smaller communities and rural areas. Efforts should also be directed at occupants of the rear seating positions of automobiles and at males 17 through 30 years old. Finally, programs and expenditures of funds should be initiated in areas where use rates have started to decline or have remained below one-half of those observed.

Download or read book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia The 1988 Update Final Report written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia The 1990 Update Final Report written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of FY 1987 Safety Belt Use Law State Enforcement Grants Final Report written by M. F. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Check list of Virginia State Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Direct Observation of the Use of Child Safety Seats in Metropolitan Areas of Virginia During Summer 1993 written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observational surveys of child safety seat use were conducted at the request of the Transportation Safety Administration of the Department of Motor Vehicles. The present survey was conducted in the four areas of the state with the largest populations. The data were categorized as correct use, incorrect use, and no use for each seat position in the car for children judged by the survey team to require safety seats under state law. Correct child seat use was higher (51.6%) in the rear seats of cars than in the front seats (40.8%). For the entire car, only 48.9% of the children were in a correctly used child seat, 33.6% of the child occupants were not in a safety seat, and 17.5% of the seats were obviously misused. The data also showed variations in the pattern of use among the four areas of the state. The rate of incorrect use was probably underestimated by this survey. There is a need to address the problems of non-use and incorrect use through increased education and enforcement efforts on the part of the state and localities.

Download or read book Local Police Enforcement Public Information and Education Strategies to Foster More and Proper Use of Child Safety Seats by Toddlers Evaluation of Demonstration Project Final Report written by Larry E. Decina and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Guide to Community Preventive Services written by Task Force on Community Preventive Services and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-17 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gold standard for evidence-based public health, The Guide to Community Preventive Services is a primary resource to improve health and prevent disease in states, communities, independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Preventive Services, The Guide uses comprehensive systemic review methods to evaluate population-oriented health interventions. The recommendations of the Task Force are explicitly linked to the scientific evidence developed during systematic reviews. This volume examines the effectiveness and efficiency of interventions to combat such risky behaviors as tobacco use, physical inactivity, and violence; to reduce the impact and suffering of specific conditions such as cancer, diabetes, vaccine-preventable diseases, and motor vehicle injuries; and to address social determinants oh health such as education, housing, and access to care. The chapters are grouped into three broad categories: changing risk behaviors; reducing specific diseases, injuries, and impairments; and methodological background for the book itself.

Download or read book Mandatory Safety Belt Use Legislation written by Jessica A. Ginsburg and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the current environment which would influence the consideration of a mandatory safety belt use law in Virginia. First, the regulatory context fostered by the U.S. Department of Transportation's issuance of federal motor vehicle safety standard 208 is examined. This rule requires that automobile manufacturers install passive restraints such as airbags or automatic seat belts in all cars by 1989 unless states covering two-thirds of the nation's population enact mandatory safety belt use laws. Next is a discussion of the provisions of the mandatory use laws in effect in 16 states, along with data from New York and New Jersey, the first two states to enact such legislation. In New York State, safety belt usage increased from around 20% to nearly 78% following the effective date of the law. While the use of belts subsequently declined, it remained two or three times higher than before the law. A significant decline in highway fatalities was also noted following passage of the mandatory use law. Finally, data on safety belt usage and traffic deaths in Virginia are examined. According to statistics from the Fatal Accident Reporting System, of the 2,154 people killed in highway accidents in Virginia between 1982 and 1984, 2,076 (96%) were not wearing safety belts. Belt wearers, who constitute as much as 20% of the motorists, accounted for only 4% of the traffic deaths. A similar relationship is evident in the data for each of the Department of Motor Vehicle districts in the state.

Download or read book Child Safety Seat and Safety Belt Use Among Urban Travelers written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four major metropolitan areas of Virginia were surveyed to determine the extent to which safety restraints were being used by urban travelers. Observers were stationed at selected signalized intersections and displayed to stopped motorists a clipboard bearing the question "Are you wearing safety belts?" The observers then approached the vehicles to visually verify any response given and to record whether safety belts or child safety seats were being used. They also recorded the sex and approximate age of each occupant and whether the child safety seats were being correctly or incorrectly used. These observations occurred in two series: 1) 1974-1977 and 2) 1983-1986. Only the latter data are reported here. Four characteristics of the survey sample were analyzed to determine whether they biased the observed belt use results. The number of vehicles observed during each of the three daily periods and in the four areas of the state and the sex of the observed occupants occurred in similar proportions in each of the four surveys and should not have caused year-to-year differences in belt usage. There were, however, variations in the age distributions of the vehicle occupants in the four survey samples, and these differences (more older and fewer middle adults) should have resulted in slightly lower use rates in 1986, all other influences being the same. Observed belt usages were analyzed according to a number of vehicle, occupant, and geographic characteristics. Each of these is discussed in a separate section of the report. Belt use rates were higher in 1986 than during the previous four years, with 35.5% of the drivers and 33.1% of all passengers using some form of safety restraint. The passage of the Child Safety Seat law in 1982 resulted in a significant increase in usage by passengers less than four years of age. During all four years, nearly three-fourths of the infants traveling as right front passengers and two-thirds of the infants classified as remaining passengers were observed to be in safety restraints.

Download or read book Safety Restraint Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report was to take a retrospective glance at Virginia's experience in getting her citizens to use the automobile safety restraint systems available to them. In Virginia, data on safety belt and child safety seat use were collected annually from 1983 until 1994. Data on child safety seat use were not collected in 1995, although safety belt use figures were again gathered. The data revealed that, for most years, the change in safety belt use rates was small. The use of child safety seats increased substantially after the effective date (January 1, 1983) of the statute requiring it. Safety belt use by front seat occupants also increased substantially following the effective date of the mandatory use law (January 1, 1988), which applied only to front seat occupants. However, use by rear seat occupants was lower in 1989 and 1990 than in 1987. Infants had higher rates of safety restraint use than did older passengers, with the infant use rate peaking in 1991. Further, belt use was higher in metropolitan areas. Both safety restraint use statutes were effective in increasing the use rates of the target populations: infants and front seat occupants. Virginia legislators should enhance the lifesaving potential of passenger restraint systems by mandating the use of safety belts by rear seat passengers.

Download or read book Highway Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Introduction of Child Safety Seat Legislation in Virginia Types and Levels of Community Response and Effects on Automobile Accident Statistics Final Report written by R. B. Montague and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: