Download or read book A Supply Chain Model for Optimizing Fixed and Mobile Bio oil Refineries on a Regional Scale written by Pantea Mirzaie and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of fossil fuels and their related impact on the environment and global warming have encouraged societies to pursue more sustainable and renewable alternatives, e.g., forest-based bio-oil. Thus, a vital need to decrease the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the tendency of nations to reduce their dependency on imported oil have created a new mission for society: To increase the robustness of the environmental and economic aspects of woody biomass to bio-oil supply chains. Prior studies have focused on developing novel methods and approaches for improving single stages of biomass supply chains. Others have focused on ameliorating biomass supply chain performance from a systems perspective for a host of different biomass types, e.g., agricultural residues and forest residues, and logistics issues, e.g., transportation distance and storage. Bio-oil can be produced from woody biomass through the fast pyrolysis process, among different methods. Mobile processing has been developed in recent years to facilitate bio-oil production from woody waste and to reduce overall bio-oil supply chain cost, however, questions surrounding the environmental and economic benefits of using mobile processing plants in combination with large-scale non-mobile (fixed) processing plants remain unanswered. The research presented develops a mathematical model capable of assisting decision makers in determining the optimal combination and location of fixed and mobile bio-refinery plants for a known woody waste supply stream and set of harvesting areas. The major cost elements in the optimization model are transportation costs and capital costs. The model is applied to hypothetical case for northwest Oregon by using historical harvesting data for state-owned and private forests in the region. Distances between locations are obtained by using a geographical information system to elucidate roadway effects. The model is optimized for cost by using an integer linear programming solver. Supply chain environmental impacts are then assessed by considering the carbon footprint (CO2 equivalent mass) of transportation activities and the bio-refinery infrastructure. Sensitivity analysis is conducted for six major factors within the mathematical model to assess their effects on the estimated supply chain cost and carbon footprint, as well as on the number and location of the mobile and fixed bio-refineries. The application of the model indicates that the utility of a mobile processing plant aligned with a fixed processing plant is more obvious when transportation cost and distance increase. In addition, this study seems to confirm the premise that transferring bio-oil to a processing facility is often more preferable than transporting woody biomass. However, results indicate that the capital intensity (cost and environmental impact) of mobile processing plants can greatly degrade their relative utility within a mixed mode supply chain.

Download or read book Biomass to Biofuel Supply Chain Design and Planning under Uncertainty written by Mir Saman Pishvaee and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass to Biofuel Supply Chain Design and Planning under Uncertainty: Concepts and Quantitative Methods explores the design and optimization of biomass-to-biofuel supply chains for commercial-scale implementation of biofuel projects by considering the problems and challenges encountered in real supply chains. By offering a fresh approach and discussing a wide range of quantitative methods, the book enables researchers and practitioners to develop hybrid methods that integrate the advantages and features of two or more methods in one decision-making framework for the efficient optimization of biofuel supply chains, especially for complex supply chain models. Combining supply chain management and modeling techniques in a single volume, the book is beneficial for graduate students who no longer need to consult subject-specific books alongside mathematical modeling textbooks. The book consists of two main parts. The first part describes the key components of biofuel supply chains, including biomass production, harvesting, collection, storage, preprocessing, conversion, transportation, and distribution. It also provides a comprehensive review of the concepts, problems, and opportunities associated with biofuel supply chains, such as types and properties of the feedstocks and fuel products, decision-making levels, sustainability concepts, uncertainty analysis and risk management, as well as integration of biomass supply chain with other supply chains. The second part focuses on modeling and optimization of biomass-to-biofuel supply chains under uncertainty, using different quantitative methods to determine optimal design. Proposes a general multi-level framework for the optimal design and operation of biomass-to-biofuel supply chains through quantitative analysis and modeling, including different biomass and waste biomass feedstock, production pathways, technology options, transportation modes, and final products Explores how modeling and optimization tools can be utilized to address sustainability issues in biofuel supply chains by simultaneously assessing and identifying sustainable solutions Presents several case studies with different regional constraints to evaluate the practical applicability of different optimization methods and compares their performance in real-world situations Includes General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) codes for solving biomass supply chain optimization problems discussed in different chapters

Download or read book Modeling and Optimization of Biomass Supply Chains written by Calliope Panoutsou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling and Optimization of Biomass Supply Chains: Top Down and Bottom Up Assessment for Agricultural, Forest and Waste Feedstock provides scientific evidence for assessing biomass supply and logistics, placing emphasis on methods, modeling capacities, large data collection, processing and storage. The information presented builds on recent relevant research work from the Biomass Futures, Biomass Policies and S2Biom projects. In addition to technical issues, the book covers the economic, social and environmental aspects with direct implications on biomass availability. Its chapters offer an overview of methodologies for assessing and modeling supply, biomass quality and requirements for different conversion processes, logistics and demand for biobased sectors. Case studies from the projects that inspire the book present practical examples of the implementation of these methodologies. The authors also compare methodologies for different regions, including Europe and the U.S. Biomass feedstock-specific chapters address the relevant elements for forest, agriculture, biowastes, post-consumer wood and non-food crops. Engineers in the bioenergy sector, as well as researchers and graduate students will find this book to be a very useful resource when working on optimization and modeling of biomass supply chains. For energy policymakers, analysts and consultants, the book provides consistent and technically sound projections for policy and market development decisions. Provides consistent ratios and indicators for assessing biomass supply and its logistical component Explores assumptions behind the assessment of different types of biomass, including key technical and non-technical factors Presents the existing modeling platforms, their input requirements and possible output projections

Download or read book Optimization Approaches for the Design of Realistic Supply Chains written by Kerstin Baumgartner and published by Kölner Wissenschaftsverlag. This book was released on 2010 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels written by José Maria Ponce-Ortega and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels presents several optimization models for the design and planning of sustainable biorefinery supply chains, including issues surrounding the potential of biomass feedstocks in multiple harvesting sites, availability and seasonality of biomass resources, different potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products, locations of storage facilities, and a number of transportation modes. Sustainability considerations are incorporated into the proposed models by including simultaneous economic, environmental and social performance in the evaluation of the supply chain designs. Covers different optimization models for the strategic planning of biorefining systems Includes the GAMS and MATLAB codes for solving various problems Considers sustainability criteria in the presented models Presents different approaches for obtained trade-off solutions Provides general software that can be used for solving different problems

Download or read book Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining written by Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining highlights the emergence of energy generation through the use of biomass and the ways it is becoming more widely used. The supply chains that produce the feedstocks, harvest, transport, store, and prepare them for combustion or refinement into other forms of fuel are long and complex, often differing from feedstock to feedstock. Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining considers every aspect of these supply chains, including their design, management, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts. The first part of the book introduces supply chains, biomass feedstocks, and their analysis, while the second part looks at the harvesting, handling, storage, and transportation of biomass. The third part studies the modeling of supply chains and their management, with the final section discussing, in minute detail, the supply chains involved in the production and usage of individual feedstocks, such as wood and sugar starches, oil crops, industrial biomass wastes, and municipal sewage stocks. Focuses on the complex supply chains of the various potential feedstocks for biomass energy generation Studies a wide range of biomass feedstocks, including woody energy crops, sugar and starch crops, lignocellulosic crops, oil crops, grass crops, algae, and biomass waste Reviews the modeling and optimization, standards, quality control and traceability, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts of supply chains

Download or read book Large scale Supply Chain Network Optimization Via Nested Partitions written by Mehmet Bozbay and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by Mingyen Yu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable energy, especially biofuels, is seen as a viable solution to replace fossil fuels. Tighter environmental regulations have encouraged countries to develop strategic approaches to utilize alternative resources and new technologies. In retrospect, the performances of supply chains (SCs) are important from economic and environmental perspectives. Current research mainly focuses on the optimization of biofuel SCs in terms of economics, and distribution networks for other products and markets. There has been less work addressing the design of the distribution network for biofuel SC, in centralised/decentralised distribution, covering financial and environmental aspects. In this paper, we propose the optimization framework for biofuel SC with respect to the type of distribution network, and geographical locations of the facilities. Our research focuses on finding the optimal locations of the biofuel plant, considering biomass dispersions and customer locations based on candidate points. We also investigate the effects of using different transportation modes and the environmental effects on the type of distribution network used. A case study of a lignocellulosic plant distributing ethanol to its customers in various cities within UK has been used to validate the above framework. The result shows that the total distances of travel, as well as the unit transportation cost dominate the strategic application of either a centralised or decentralised distribution network. The concept presented in this research can be applied to other distribution design cases in various geographical locations and countries.

Download or read book Lignocellulosic Biomass to biofuel Supply Chain Optimization with Mobile Densification and Farmers Choices written by Nibal Tawfiq Albashabsheh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on logistics challenges arising in the biofuels industry. Studies have found that logistics costs in the biomass-to-biofuel supply chain (BBSC) account for 35%-65% of total biofuel production cost. This is mainly due to the low density of biomass that results in high costs associated with biomass transportation, storage, and handling in the biomass-to-biofuel supply chain. Densification provides an as-yet-unexplored opportunity to reduce logistic costs associated with biomass-to-biofuel supply chains. This research advances understanding about biomass-to-biofuel supply chain management through new optimization models. As a first step, the author presents an extensive overview of densification techniques and BBSC optimization models that account for biomass densification. This literature review helps the author to recognize the gaps and future research areas in BBSC studies. These gaps direct the author toward the remaining components of the dissertation. In particular, the literature review highlights two research gaps. First, the review indicates that mobile pelleting holds promise for improved BBSC management, but that there is no mathematical optimization model that addresses this opportunity. Second, currently, there does not exist a model that explicitly accounts for farmers' objectives and their probability to sell biomass to the bioenergy plant in BBSC optimization. To fill the first gap, the author focuses on managing the BBSC considering mobile densification units to account for chances to minimize logistics costs. A mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to manage the BBSC with different types and forms of biomass feedstock and mobile densification units. Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis are presented to quantify conditions that make mobile densification an attractive choice. The author conducts a case study to demonstrate model applicability and type of analysis that can be drawn from this type of models. The result indicates that mobile pelleting is not an attractive choice under the current economic status. However, modest changes in pelleting cost, satellite storage location fixed cost, and/or travel distances are enough to make mobile pelleting an attractive choice. To fill the second gap, the author introduces a model that explicitly accounts for mobile densification and farmers' probability to supply a bioenergy plant with biomass feedstock. Farmers' probability to provide biomass to the bioenergy plant depends on contract attributes, including expected net return and services provided by the bioenergy plant. The proposed model helps the bioenergy plant to meet biofuel demand while considering farmers' choices that satisfy their own objectives and preferences. The model makes it possible to determine most important factors that influence type of contract offered to each supplier and optimal BBSC design. A case study based on the state of Kansas is conducted to demonstrate how bioenergy plant can benefit from this type of model.

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Optimization of Advanced Biofuel Supply Chains in the United States written by Mohamed Laila and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biofuels are one of the promising energy alternatives to reduce fossil fuel consumption and combat climate change. Growing civilian and military interest in acquiring cost competitive biofuels have inspired research to develop models that optimize their supply chains. Such models are constrained by several factors, namely the time-consuming data collection and processing, the complexity of formulating a mathematical optimization model, the need to use proprietary solvers, and the requirement for computational resources. To overcome these hurdles, researchers proposed the development of integrated platforms that streamline these activities and increase accessibility to the required algorithms and hardware. Hence, the objectives of this thesis were to 1) formulate deterministic and stochastic mathematical optimization models to optimize biofuel supply chains in a spatially and temporally explicit manner, and test their resilience under uncertainty, 2) design a web-based platform that integrates the proposed model with Application Program Interfaces and publicly available databases to construct user-defined case studies and solve optimization problems on third-party cloud servers, and 3) demonstrate the suitability of the integrated platform to generate military biofuel supply chains in several case studies from the Pacific region of the United States. The integrated platform is called the Biofuel supply chain Geospatial and Temporal Optimizer (BioGeSTO). The first version of BioGeSTO included a deterministic, spatial and temporal explicit, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that accounts for improvements in conversion yields due to technology learning and account for future oil prices. The model was applied to a case study in California between 2020 and 2040 to determine whether direct financial incentives, provided to conversion facilities, expedited the development of the military biofuel supply chain for three oil price scenarios. It was concluded that direct financial incentives will have little or no effect on the development of the supply chain. The second version of BioGeSTO expanded the platform to include a stochastic MILP that was used to evaluate the impact of uncertainty pertaining to the availability and cost of biomass, and oil prices on the same supply chain. The supply chain had approximately 65% chance of emerging under these scenarios. I found that a Hydrotreatment of Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) facility dedicated to processing camelina oil (obtained from agricultural land in central California, where it is grown in rotation with wheat) could be introduced between 2020 and 2027 as a reliable and financially feasible option for military biofuels supply in the state. The final version of BioGeSTO, which included an interactive web interface, was used to determine how carbon pricing affected the military biofuel supply chain in the Pacific states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Introducing a carbon price improved the net present value and total cumulative production of the military biofuel supply chain under several oil price scenarios. Overall, BioGeSTO, an integrated platform for modelling and optimizing biofuel supply chain, is a suitable tool for researchers and decision makers to evaluate their case studies. It can be used to test the impact of introducing new policy schemes, technologies, or uncertainties on the design and performance of civilian and military biofuel supply chains. In future research projects, BioGeSTO can be expanded to include tactical and operational decisions (shorter time scales), while user defined heuristics may be added to accelerate the solution times of optimization problems." --

Download or read book Omya Hustadmarmor Optimizes Its Supply Chain written by Simon Straßburger and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Operations Research, grade: 1,4, Leipzig Graduate School of Management, course: Success Stories in Operations Research, 31 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper addresses a shipments-planning problem faced by Omya Hustadmarmor, a producer of large volume slurry products. From a single producing plant with limited production and tank storage capacity, multiple products are transported by different vessels to a number of tank farms that also have limited inventory capacity. The objective is to minimize the total distribution cost such that capacity constraints are not violated, i.e. neither stopping production at the plant, nor running out of stock at the tank farms. This Inventory-Routing Problem is solved by the use of a mixed integer-programming model and the application of a metaheuristic approach to obtain optimal solutions. At the company, the solution method was implemented successfully in a Decision Support System and resulted in a much more flexible and predictable supply chain. Today's business environment is characterized by an increasing complexity in manufacturing and supply chain management (Booth 1996). Huge numbers of choices and persistent time and margin pressures make managerial decisions more difficult. In addition, new enterprise applications and software are generating overwhelming amounts of data. Turning this data into decision-supportive information by applying theoretical models in practice is one of the tasks of Operations Research (Robinson 2000). For almost 35 years, the 'Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences' (INFORMS) honors extraordinary practical achievements and success stories in Operations Research with the 'Franz Edelman Award'. By bringing together top examples of innovation from different international organizations, the possibilities of Operations Research should be demonstrated and serve as a continuous source

Download or read book Oil and Gas Production Handbook An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production written by Havard Devold and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by Fengqi You and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, a bi-criterion, multi-period, stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to address the optimal design and planning of hydrocarbon biorefinery supply chains under supply and demand uncertainties. The model accounts for diverse conversion technologies, feedstock seasonality and fluctuation, geographical diversity, biomass degradation, demand variation, government incentives and risk management. The objective is simultaneous minimization of the expected annualized cost and the financial risk which is measured by conditional value-at-risk and downside risk. The model determines the optimal network design, technology selection, capital investment, production planning, and logistics management decisions. Multi-cut L-shaped decomposition approach is implemented to circumvent the computational burden of solving large scale problems. The proposed modeling framework and algorithm are illustrated through two case studies of hydrocarbon biorefinery supply chain for the State of Illinois.

Download or read book Synthesis of Biofuel written by Samuel B. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biomass to biofuel process requires both initial conversion or densification of raw biomass followed by an upgrading step which can address high oxygen content, low hydrogen content, and stability prior to being considered petroleum compatible in a traditional refinery for processing into gasoline or diesel. Processing strategies exist with the goal of developing biofuels independently of petroleum product, though co-processing or refining is considered as the most viable path to commercialization. Upgrading processes are intensive, thus addressing issues to commercialization of biomass based biofuel can be accomplished through optimization of existing conversion i.e., CFP, and altering are development of new methods to treat bio-oil for aforementioned issues. The paper herein presents methods for addressing CFP optimization in various ways: via cyber physical modeling and application of AI methodology to solve complex issues and chemical reactions, in additional to outlining existing bio-oil treatments and experimenting with catalytic transfer hydrogenation and blending as a means for upgrading, or in the case of blending, skipping the upgrading process altogether. Both biomass to bio-oil conversion, and post conversion upgrading processes represent a major stumbling block to commercialization and success of 2nd generation biofuels as a whole, thus addressing both steps in the supply chain represents a significant gain in advancing the state of technology of the biofuel production process. The research presented herein aims to outline the existing state of technology, and provides several mechanisms for addressing the deficiencies both qualitatively and analytically. In addition to innovative advancements in biofuel production, Appendix B and C outline potential ways to optimize biomass to bio-oil conversion using AI and integrated system design.

Download or read book Optimization of Supply Chain Management and Facility Location Selection for a Biorefinery written by Ian Michael Bowling and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If renewable energy and biofuels are to attain success in the market place, each step of their production and the system as a whole must be optimized to increase material and energy efficiency, reduce production cost and create a competitive alternative to fossil fuels. Systems optimization techniques may be applied to product selection, process design and integration, feedstock procurement and supply chain management to improve performance. This work addresses two problems facing a biorefinery: technology selection and feedstock scheduling in the face of varying feedstock supply and cost. Also addressed is the optimization of a biorefinery supply chain with respect to distributed processing of biomass to bio-products via preprocessing hubs versus centralized processing and facility location selection. Two formulations are proposed that present a systematic approach to address each problem. Case studies are included to demonstrate model capabilities for both formulations. The scheduling model results display model sensitivity to feedstock price and transport distance penalized through carbon dioxide emissions. The distributed model shows that hubs may be used to extend the operating radius of a biorefinery and thereby increase profits.

Download or read book Modeling and Optimization of Biomass Supply Chains for Several Bio refineries written by Nasim Zandi Atashbar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable Supply Chain Management at the Base of the Pyramid written by Raja Usman Khalid and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) research talks about market based solutions for the development of marginalized sections of informal market economies. However, absence of sound theoretical foundations is obstructing development of the discourse. Relatively mature, (sustainable) supply chain management ((S)SCM) literature has many analogous concepts to the BoP research. The integration of the two research streams can not only provide BoP with the much needed theoretical infrastructure, but can also open new research frontiers for the (S)SCM research. The extent dissertation is an effort to integrate the BoP and (S)SCM research. The results of the systematic literature review highlight the theoretical commonalities among the two research streams and led to development of certain frameworks based upon the results of contingency analysis. The empirical part of the dissertation tries to explore the (S)SCM practices significantly affecting the purchasing performance of indigenous BoP firms in a B2B context. Argumentation of the resource dependency theory is employed to get deeper insights into the empirical results of the study.