Download or read book A Study on Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization of Grain Sorghum written by John Edward Rydel and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Time and Rate of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Nutrition of Corn and Grain Sorghum written by Ronald Eugene Voss and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Grain Sorghum Fertilization in Northwestern Oklahoma written by L. F. Locke and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Time and Rate of Nitrogen Application on Grain Sorghum written by A. B. Onken and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Time and Rate of Nitrogen Fertilization on Grain Sorghum Production Under Surface and Subsurface Irrigation written by Leonard Alvin Johnsen and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Nitrogen in Grain Sorghum to Maximize N Use Efficiency and Yield While Minimizing Producer Risk written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one of the most drought and stress tolerant crops grown in Kansas. For this reason, much of the sorghum is grown in high risk environments where other crops are more likely to fail or be unprofitable. Efficient sorghum cropping systems should not only produce high yields and use inputs such as nitrogen efficiently, but they should also remove as much risk as possible for a successful crop, and give farmers more flexibility in making input decisions. The price of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has increased substantially in recent years. Current retail prices for commonly used N fertilizers range from $0.88 to $1.50 per kilogram of N in Kansas. Thus, a farmer could easily invest $50-$100 per hectare in N, depending on the rate of N needed and the source used. Practices which allow farmers to assess crop potential as late as possible after planting before applying costly inputs like fertilizer, can increase the potential for a profitable return on those inputs in risky environments. Currently, most sorghum growers routinely apply all the N fertilizer prior to planting, sometimes as much as 6 months prior. The current Kansas State University (KSU) nitrogen recommendation is yield goal based and performs well when the grower is able to predict yield six months or more in advance of harvest. However, yield is quite variable and difficult to predict. Because long range weather and yield predictions are not very reliable, could deferring making N application decisions until later in the season when yield can be more accurately predicted reduce risk? Can the use of active sensors provide a better estimate of yield potential and nitrogen needs sometime after planting? If they can, how late can the decision be made and how best should the fertilizer N be applied? Several studies were conducted throughout Kansas to look at the effect of N rate, N application timing (pre-plant, side dress, or combinations of the two) and method of application on sorghum yield and N use efficiency. The studies were also designed to examine the potential of using optical sensors to predict optimum N rate for post-planting applications as a means of avoiding the use of soil tests to estimate soil N contributions. The objectives of this research were: a. to validate the KSU N fertilizer recommendations for grain sorghum grown in rotation with crops such as soybeans and wheat, b. to determine the effect of both preplant and midseason N applications on the growth and yield potential of grain sorghum, and to determine the optimal timing and method for midseason N applications on grain sorghum, and, c. to assess the potential of optical sensing of the growing crop to refine N recommendations using in-season applications during the growing season. This thesis will summarize the results from the various experiments we completed to achieve these objectives. The KSU N fertilizer recommendations for grain sorghum may need some revisions. This research suggests that including coefficients relating to N use efficiency may be necessary to get more accurate N recommendations. Both pre-plant and midseason N applications increased the yield of grain sorghum whenever a response to N was observed. There was no negative effect of applying all the nitrogen midseason at 30-40 days after planting when compared to pre-plant applications. Injecting nitrogen fertilizer below the soil surface had higher yields than other methods of midseason N applications such as surface banding or surface broadcasting, especially when a significant rainfall event did not occur within a few days of application. The optical sensors used in this study were very effective at making N recommendations 30-40 days after planting. These sensors will provide for more accurate N recommendations compared to the current soil test and yield goal method.

Download or read book Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture fertilizer Interrelations with Irrigated Grain Sorghum in the Southern High Plains written by Marvin Eli Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nitrogen Fertilization of Grain Sorghum Grown on Raised Wide Beds written by Henry Joseph Mascagni and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Potential for Optical Sensor based Nitrogen Fertilization in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench in Arkansas written by Kamil Rosales Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground-based active-optical (GBAO) crop sensors have become an effective tool to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency and to predict yield early in the growing season, particularly for grass crops. Commercially available canopy sensors calculate the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) by emitting light in the red and near infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The NDVI is used to evaluate vigor status and to estimate yield potential. However, few studies have been conducted to compare the performance of commercially available sensors. Therefore, a study was conducted using the most common crop canopy sensors: i) N-Tech's GreenSeeker(TM) (GS), ii) Holland Scientific's Crop Circle(TM) (CC), and iii) Minolta's SPAD-502 chlorophyll content meter (CCM). The objective of this study was to find the optimum time for sensing and compare the relative performance of the sensors in estimating the yield potential of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Treatments included six levels of N fertilization (0, 37, 74, 111, 148, and 185 kg N/ ha), applied in a single split 20 days after planting (DAP). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications, in four locations in Arkansas, during 2012 and 2013. Sensors readings at vegetative growth stages V3, 4, 5 and 6. Results from simple regression analysis showed that the V3-V4 growth stage correlated better with grain yield than readings collected and any other time. In season estimated yield (INSEY) obtained at V3 captured 41, 57, 78, and 61% of the variation in grain sorghum yield when red NDVI of GS, red NDVI of CC, red edge for CC and CCM, respectively, were used. Results from these studies suggest that the CC sensor has a better potential for in-season site-specific N application in Arkansas than the GS sensor. The GS reflectance values appear to saturate after the V3 stage, in contrast with CC values that allow for discrimination past the V3 Stage. Therefore, the red edge wavebands of CC appear to be better suited to develop relationships between spectral vegetation indices and agronomic parameters.

Download or read book Nitrogen Fertilization of Grain Sorghum Grown on Raised Wide Beds written by Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Review of Fertilizer Use Research on Sorghum in India written by Hari Lal Singh Tandon and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This literature review, which covers the period 1960 to 1983, is concered with the response of grain sorghum to all soil nutrients, related soil and climatic conditions, and the seasons in which the crop is grown. The main objective is to quantify the responses and their relationship to different environments. However, the results clearly demonstrate the widespread deficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. High-yielding cultivars have shown greater responses than local cultivars and, invariably, both N and P have shown additive effect. Split appliction of N is generally more efficient than a single-dose application. When the N technique is used it has been observed that about 62.5% fertilizer N is recovered by sorghum from Alfisols and 55% from Vertisols. Drilling of phosphte proved more efficient than broadcasting. The responses to potassium (K) are rather rare, except in long-term experiments. Responses to the appliction of Zn are reported, especialy in vertisols when the available Zn is about 1.0-1.2 ppm or less. In the postrainy-season crop the responses to N are dependent on the nature of the cultivar and the nitrate-N level if the soil. The optimum level of nitrogen for sorghum varies from 60 to 120 kg/ha N in the rainy season, 25 to 85kg/ha N in the postrainy season, and 80 to 150kg/ha N in the summer season. A finding of the review is that most of the publications reviewed report the results of the so-called rate-and-date type of agronomic (...).

Download or read book A Stress Day Concept to Improve Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization written by D. E. Kissel and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were 1) to describe the yield of continuous grain sorghum in the Texas Blackland Prairie as a function of applied nitrogen (N) and degree of water deficit under field conditions and 2) to use this information to obtain a more accurate N fertilizer recommendation in the Texas Blackland Prairie based on a knowledge of available soil water at the time of fertilizer application. An economic analysis described by Heady (1956) was used to compute optimum N rates under different degreed of soil water deficit. Water deficit was defined in terms of stress days, computed by summing the term (1-E/E) over daly intervals, where E is daily evapotranspiration rate an E is the daily potential evapotranspiration rate above the plant canopy. Cumputer simulation of soil water (...).

Download or read book Impact of Cover Crops and Nitrogen Application on Nitrous Oxide Fluxes and Grain Yield of Sorghum and Maize written by George Yakubu Mahama and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leguminous cover crops systems have been envisaged as a critical component of sustainable agriculture due to their potential to increase soil productivity through cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in agricultural systems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of leguminous summer cover crops; cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp], sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and double-cropped grain crops; grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to determine the effects of these crops and varying N rates in the cropping system on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, growth and yield of succeeding grain sorghum and maize (Zea mays L.) crop, soil aggregation, aggregate-associated C, and N. Field and laboratory studies were conducted for two years. The cover crops and double-cropped grain crops were planted immediately after winter wheat harvest. The cover crops were terminated at the beginning of flowering. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46% N) rates of 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha−1 were applied to grain sorghum or maize in fallow plots. Pigeon pea and grain sorghum had more C accumulation than cowpea, sunn hemp and double-cropped soybean. Pigeon pea and cowpea had more N uptake than sunn hemp and the double-cropped grain crops. Fallow with N fertilizer application produced significantly greater N2O emissions than all the cover crops systems. Nitrous oxide emissions were relatively similar in the various cover crop systems and fallow with 0 kg N ha−1. Grain yield of sorghum and maize in all the cover crop and double cropped soybean systems was similar to that in the fallow with 45 kg N ha−1. Both grain sorghum and maize in the double-cropped soybean system and fallow with 90 kg N ha−1 or 135 kg N ha−1 gave profitable economic net returns over the years. The double-cropped grain sorghum system increased aggregate-associated C and whole soil total C, and all the cover crop and the double-cropped soybean systems increased aggregate-associated N and soil N pools. Inclusion of leguminous cover crops without N fertilizer application reduced N2O emissions and provided additional C accumulation and N uptake, contributing to increased grain yield of the following cereal grain crop.

Download or read book Nitrogen Fertilization of Grain Sorghum Grown on Raised Wide Beds written by H. J. Mascagni Junior and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Variation Among Grain Sorghum Genotypes in Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer written by George Yakubu Mahama and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop in the semi-arid regions of Africa, Asia and United States. Productivity of grain sorghum is limited by soil fertility, especially nitrogen (N). Sorghum genotypes are known to vary in their response to nitrogen, however, the information on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is limited. The objectives of this research were to (a) determine the response of sorghum genotypes (hybrids and inbred lines) to nitrogen fertilizer (b) quantify genotypic differences in NUE; and (c) determine physiological and morphological basis of NUE. Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Kansas (Hays, Ottawa and Manhattan) during 2010 and 2011. Six hybrids and six inbred lines of grain sorghum were grown with 0, 45 and 90 kg N ha−1. The experimental design was a split-plot design with N regimes as main plots and genotypes as sub-plot, with four replications. Planting was done in May and June across all the locations, and nitrogen fertilizer (Urea, 46% N) was applied at emergence. Data on N concentration in the leaves, stems and grain were determined. NUE and components of N use were computed for Ottawa and Manhattan as follows: Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE): Grain weight / N supplied; Nitrogen utilization efficiency: Grain weight / N total in plant; Nitrogen uptake efficiency: N total in plant / N supplied; Percent fertilizer recovery = [uptake (fertilized plot) N uptake (un- fertilized plot)] / [N applied] x 100; and Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) = Grain N / N total in plant. Where N supplied = Rate of N fertilizer applied + soil N supplied. Growth and yield data were collected at all locations. There were significant effects of genotypes (P

Download or read book Studies on Cultural Pratices for Sorghum Grown After Rice written by P.P. Pascual and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum experiments were conducted at the Central Experimental Station, University of the Philippines at Los Banos, College, Laguna after the lowland rice was harvested during dry season 1977 with the following objectives: (1) to determine the grain yield of the selected grain sorghum cultivars grown after rice; (2) to evaluate the main and combined effects of tillage and populations densities on yield amd other agronomic characters of grain sorghum; (3) to study the response of selected grain sorghum cultivars to nitrogen levels with and without phosphorus; and (4) to correlate the leaf area index and grain yield. Regardless of the 3 rates of planting used, tillage practices did not have any significant effect on grain yield and other agronomic charactersfor both varieties tested. However, population densities significantly affected the leaf area index, plant height and grain yield. Population density of 300,000 plants/ha was better than 200,000 and 250,000 plants/ha. Application of nitrogen fertilizer increased plant height, leaf area index, number of grain per panicle and grain yield, but reduced the growth duration and 1000 grain weight. Phosphorus application together with nitrogen further improved the grain yield and other agronomic characters o fsorghum. Application of 150 kg N/ha together with 50 kg P2O5/ha was found the best among the different fertilizer treatments used. Leaf area index had significant positive correlation to grain yield. The bigger the leaf area index at blooming stage, the more(...).

Download or read book Effects of Planting Practices and Nitrogen Management on Grain Sorghum Production written by Alassane Maiga and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a relatively drought- and heat-tolerant cereal crop. Global demand and consumption of agricultural crops for food, feed, and fuel is increasing at a rapid pace. To satisfy the growing worldwide demand for grain, production practices must be well optimized and managed. The objectives of the present study were: to optimize sorghum production by determining the best management practices (planting date, row spacing, seeding rate, hybrid maturity) for growth and yield, to evaluate the agronomic responsiveness of grain sorghum genotypes to nitrogen (N) fertilizer and to develop a partial financial budget to N fertilizer application based on best management practices. In order to meet these objectives, field experiments were conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 at Manhattan, Belleville, Ottawa, Hutchinson, Hays, at KSU Experiment Stations and Salina, and Randolph at Private Farms. Results indicated that early planting date (late May) and narrow row spacing (25 cm) providing the most equidistant spacing, produced better plant growth, light interception, yield components (number of grains per panicle, 300-grain weight), and biological yield. Results indicated that with increasing N rate, there was a proportional increase in chlorophyll SPAD meter reading, leaf color scores and number of green leaves. There was a significant difference among hybrids for N uptake, NUE and grain yield. However, there was no effect of N and no interaction between N and hybrid on grain yield. Over all, the genotypes with high NUE also had higher grain yield. Economic analysis using partial budget indicated that all N levels had positive gross benefit greater than control at all locations. However, the response varied across locations. Our research has shown that sorghum responds to changing management practices and opportunities exist to increase grain yield by optimizing planting date, seeding rate, row spacing, N application and selection of genotypes.