Download or read book A Study of the Relationships Between the Revenue and Expenditures of Suburban School Districts and Four Measures of Fiscal Capacity written by Roger Lee Reimer and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neglected Role of School District Revenue Instability written by Rekha Balu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the school finance literature has focused on the distribution or equality of resources across school districts. Such literature compares levels of spending between school districts or states. But it has ignored the variability and unpredictability of those revenues within school districts over time. Meanwhile, public finance literature has focused on states or counties, and disregarded school districts as a unit of analysis for responses to fiscal stress. This dissertation addresses these gaps. First, drawing from techniques both within and outside of public finance, I contribute a new measure of fiscal stress based on unpredictability of state revenues. Second, I explicitly assess policy and tax mechanisms that may aggravate revenue instability for school districts and to what extent instability changes over time. Finally, I examine school districts response to chronic unpredictability in state revenues. Despite states' increasing reliance on more volatile sales and income taxes to fund public education, I find that unpredictability in state revenues to districts has declined by one-fourth of a standard deviation over time. In states that shifted to the more volatile sales and income tax base while also centralizing school finance as part of efforts to equalize school funding, unpredictability in state revenues to districts declined by a full standard deviation. In effect, centralization and more equal distribution of funding appears to trump the effects of a volatile tax base, as states have a greater ability to buffer against shocks than local education agencies do. Yet districts still face uncertain and unstable revenues from the states, aggravated by economic downturns. With primary and secondary data, I study the case of California where districts face uncertain cuts to their allocations during the year and between years. I use three key fiscal health measures: average revenue instability over time, whether revenues declined in the prior period, and the experience of the budget officer. I find that highly unstable districts are more likely to raise local revenues, but that cost-cutting is more prevalent that revenue-raising. Experienced budget officers use a greater variety of policy instruments to cope with instability, pointing to the under-explored role of management in the fiscal health of a district. These findings as a whole suggest that revenue instability merits further attention in the school finance literature in particular and public management in general. Unpredictability in states revenues is a phenomenon that concerns school districts, one that changes over time, but one to which they may adapt.
Download or read book A Comparison of the Equalization Effects of Federal and State Allocations in Wisconsin Public School Districts written by Lee Fredrick Olsen and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Income as a Measure of School District Fiscal Capacity written by Jill Stumpe Louv and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem active in this study was the use of income as a measure of fiscal capacity of local school districts. More specifically, the research concerned the legal ramifications of incorporating such a measure into a public school finance system. The research included a review of the principles of taxation and legal precedents concerning uniformity and equality of taxation, a discussion of the quantitative evaluation of the use of income as a measure of fiscal capacity, and an analysis of the legal precedents that could influence the future use of an income measure in a public school finance system. The use of an income measure has been viewed by some authorities as a positive step towards taxpayer equity due to its close relation to the ability-to-pay principle of taxation and the progressive effect it has on the taxpayers. However, other authors have criticized the use of the measure on the basis that most school districts do not have-- page missing -- taxing authority to local school districts which would allow local access to tax income. The problems seem to arise in states that prohibit a state income tax or a graduated income tax. The possibility of utilizing an income plus property measure of fiscal capacity in these states would probably be limited. Just as the laws concerning taxation differ among the states, the legal precedents will also differ dependent upon the laws. There is no pervasive rule that will determine the legality of a tax system that includes an income factor. The major determinant will come from the precedents that come from the legal challenges that will occur in the states, and these precedents will influence the design and implementation of the tax structure within each state.
Download or read book Determinants of Educational Expenditures in Large Cities of the United States written by Henry Thomas James and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship of Collective Negotiations to Teacher Salaries in Wisconsin K 12 Public School Districts written by Dennis C. Zuelke and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minnesota School Finance written by Marsha Gronseth and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exchange Bibliography written by Council of Planning Librarians and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Response of School Districts to District Fiscal Capacity and State Aid written by E. Kathleen Adams and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intergovernmental Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Making Money Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States annually spends over $300 billion on public elementary and secondary education. As the nation enters the 21st century, it faces a major challenge: how best to tie this financial investment to the goal of high levels of achievement for all students. In addition, policymakers want assurance that education dollars are being raised and used in the most efficient and effective possible ways. The book covers such topics as: Legal and legislative efforts to reduce spending and achievement gaps. The shift from "equity" to "adequacy" as a new standard for determining fairness in education spending. The debate and the evidence over the productivity of American schools. Strategies for using school finance in support of broader reforms aimed at raising student achievement. This book contains a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of financing public schools by federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It distills the best available knowledge about the fairness and productivity of expenditures on education and assesses options for changing the finance system.
Download or read book The Property Tax School Funding Dilemma written by Daphne A. Kenyon and published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy. This book was released on 2007 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: States experiencing taxpayer revolts among homeowners are tempted to reduce reliance on the property tax to fund schools. But a more targeted approach can provide property tax relief and improve state funding for public education. This policy focus report includes a comprehensive review of recent research on both property tax and school funding, and summarizes case studies of seven states-- California, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio and Texas. The majority of these states are heavily reliant on property tax revenues to fund schools. While there is no one-size-fits-all solution, the report recommends addressing property taxes and school funding separately.
Download or read book School Finance Reform and Suburban Districts written by G. Alan Hickrod and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Survey Research and Field Techniques written by Justin C. Friberg and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neglected Role of School District Revenue Instability written by Rekha Balu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the school finance literature has focused on the distribution or equality of resources across school districts. Such literature compares levels of spending between school districts or states. But it has ignored the variability and unpredictability of those revenues within school districts over time. Meanwhile, public finance literature has focused on states or counties, and disregarded school districts as a unit of analysis for responses to fiscal stress. This dissertation addresses these gaps. First, drawing from techniques both within and outside of public finance, I contribute a new measure of fiscal stress based on unpredictability of state revenues. Second, I explicitly assess policy and tax mechanisms that may aggravate revenue instability for school districts and to what extent instability changes over time. Finally, I examine school districts response to chronic unpredictability in state revenues. Despite states' increasing reliance on more volatile sales and income taxes to fund public education, I find that unpredictability in state revenues to districts has declined by one-fourth of a standard deviation over time. In states that shifted to the more volatile sales and income tax base while also centralizing school finance as part of efforts to equalize school funding, unpredictability in state revenues to districts declined by a full standard deviation. In effect, centralization and more equal distribution of funding appears to trump the effects of a volatile tax base, as states have a greater ability to buffer against shocks than local education agencies do. Yet districts still face uncertain and unstable revenues from the states, aggravated by economic downturns. With primary and secondary data, I study the case of California where districts face uncertain cuts to their allocations during the year and between years. I use three key fiscal health measures: average revenue instability over time, whether revenues declined in the prior period, and the experience of the budget officer. I find that highly unstable districts are more likely to raise local revenues, but that cost-cutting is more prevalent that revenue-raising. Experienced budget officers use a greater variety of policy instruments to cope with instability, pointing to the under-explored role of management in the fiscal health of a district. These findings as a whole suggest that revenue instability merits further attention in the school finance literature in particular and public management in general. Unpredictability in states revenues is a phenomenon that concerns school districts, one that changes over time, but one to which they may adapt.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index 1861 1972 Education written by Xerox University Microfilms and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
