Download or read book A Study of Neutrons and Gamma Rays from Neutron Induced Reactions in Several Elements written by J. T. PRUD'HOMME and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey was made of all pertinent cross section data in the current literature concerning the number and energy, as a function of angle, of the neutrons and gamma rays emitted when various elements are bombarded with neutrons of energies of 1 and 14 Mev. These are contained in tablesAND GRAPHS OF THE APPENDIX. Cross section results for 14 Mev neutrons are included for 46 elements. Also included are the results of an investigation of 1-Mev data for 19 elements. Angular distributions are given for elastically scattered neutrons from 19 elements. References for the 14 Mev survey (Part A) are numbered consecutively starting with Number 1 and are included in a bibliography at the end of Part A. References for the 1 Mev survey (Part B) are also numbered consecutively starting with Number 1 and are given at the end of Part B. (Author).
Download or read book Neutron Capture Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by R. E. Chrien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post World War II era witnessed a tremendous growth in the research carried out in neutron-induced reactions and especially in neutron capture y-ray studies. This growth was stimulated by the availability of neutron sources, such as reactors and accelerators, and by the development of high resolution y-ray and conversion electron detectors. Today the combination of high flux reactors and precise instrumentation has produced spectral data of exceptional quality, as the pages of these proceedings illustrate. The world-wide community of the practioners of the art of cap ture y-ray spectroscopy has met three times in the last decade: the first international symposium on this subject was held at Studsvik, Sweden in 1969, and the second at Petten, The Netherlands in 1974. A smaller meeting, of mostly u. S. and some European parti cipation, was held at Argonne National Laboratory in 1966. A perusal of the proceedings of these meetings shows the striking ad vances in this now mature field of physics over the last dozen years. Each meeting has seen a small but perceptible increase in the number of papers presented and the number of laboratories repre sented. More importantly, each meeting has documented the increasing impact of (n,y) reasearch, not only on other areas of basic physics, but also on commercial and medical applications of this technology. A total of 29 invited papers and 97 contributed papers were presented at this symposium.
Download or read book Remote Compositional Analysis written by Janice L. Bishop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of the spectroscopic, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques used in planetary remote sensing.
Download or read book Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis written by G. Molnar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) is a unique, non-destructive nuclear analytical method with multi-element capabilities. It is most effective if intense neutron beams (especially cold beams) of nuclear reactors are used to induce the prompt gamma radiation. Based largely on the authors' pioneering research in cold neutron PGAA, the handbook describes the methodology in self-contained manner and reviews recent applications. The library of prompt gamma ray data and spectra for all natural elements is a unique aid to the practitioner. The level is understandable by a broad audience, which facilitates teaching and training. The Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis is a comprehensive handbook written for those practising the method, wanting to implement it at a reactor facility, or just looking for a powerful non-destructive method of element analysis. The book is also useful for nuclear physics, chemistry and engineering scientists, scholars and graduate students interested in neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy and nuclear analytical methods.
Download or read book Neutron Capture Reactions for Stockpile Stewardship and Basic Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capture process is a nuclear reaction in which a target atom captures an incident projectile, e.g. a neutron. The excited-state compound nucleus de-excites by emitting photons. This process creates an atom that has one more neutron than the target atom, so it is a different isotope of the same element. With low energy (slow) neutron projectiles, capture is the dominant reaction, other than elastic scattering. However, with very heavy nuclei, fission competes with capture as a method of de-excitation of the compound nucleus. With higher energy (faster) incident neutrons, additional reactions are also possible, such as emission of protons or emission of multiple neutrons. The probability of a particular reaction occurring (such as capture) is referred to as the cross section for that reaction. Cross sections are very dependent on the incoming neutron's energy. Capture reactions can be studied either using monoenergetic neutron sources or 'white' neutron sources. A 'white' neutron source has a wide range of neutron energies in one neutron beam. The advantage to the white neutron source is that it allows the study of cross sections as they depend on neutron energies. The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, located at Los Alamos National Laboratory, provides an intense white neutron source. Neutrons there are created by a high-energy proton beam from a linear accelerator striking a heavy metal (tungsten) target. The neutrons range in energy from subthermal up to very fast - over 100 MeV in energy. Low-energy neutron reaction cross sections fluctuate dramatically from one target to another, and they are very difficult to predict by theoretical modeling. The cross sections for particular capture reactions are important for defense sciences, advanced reactor concepts, transmutation of radioactive wastes and nuclear astrophysics. We now have a strong collaboration between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, North Carolina State University and Charles University in Prague. In this paper, we report neutron capture studies that are of particular interest to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In addition to determining neutron capture cross sections, we are also interested in the nuclear properties of the excited state compound nuclei created in the capture reactions. One model that describes the behavior of the nucleus is the statistical model. Our statistical studies included measuring the photon strength function, resonance parameters, level density and gamma-ray ([gamma]-ray) cascade multiplicity. The DANCE array allows the separation of cascades by the number of transitions (multiplicity) in the cascade, and this makes it possible to study detailed properties of the statistical cascade such as the relationship between multiplicity and energy distributions. The work reported here includes reaction on molybdenum targets, europium targets, gadolinium targets and the first americium-242m target. Our goal is to improve the accuracy and provide new measurements for stable and radioactive targets. We are especially interested in energy-dependent neutron capture cross sections. In all of our experiments, the photons emitted in the capture reactions are gamma rays, and they are detected by the barium fluoride crystal array named the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) shown in Fig. 1. The detector array is made of 160 crystals arranged in a sphere around the target. There are four different crystal shapes, each of which covers an equal solid angle. This array was specifically designed to measure neutron capture cross sections with targets that were milligram sized or smaller, including radioactive targets. The barium fluoride crystals are scintillation (light generating) detectors with very fast response time, and are therefore suitable for high count rate experiments. Actual neutron capture events must be reliably distinguished from background [gamma]-rays, which are always present in neutron induced reactions. To reduce the background of scattered neutrons, a lithium hydride shell is placed inside the array. The purpose of using the spherical array of detectors is to cover all possible directions of emitted [gamma] rays, so we will come as close as possible to complete detection of all the prompt [gamma]-ray cascades emitted in a capture reaction. The sum of the energy of the [gamma] cascades is a measure of the binding energy of the capture neutron. The binding energy is the energy required to remove a bound neutron from the nucleus. The measured mass of the nucleus is smaller than the masses of the target nucleus plus the captured neutron, and the difference (converted to energy) is the binding energy of the capture neutron. Because the detector is segmented into a large number of independent detectors, additional information on event multiplicities (number of [gamma] rays emitted) and other properties can be determined.
Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Download or read book 14 MeV Neutrons written by Vladivoj Valkovic and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the often difficult and time-consuming effort of performing experiments with fast (14 MeV) neutrons, these neutrons can offer special insight into nucleus and other materials because of the absence of charge. 14 MeV Neutrons: Physics and Applications explores fast neutrons in basic science and applications to problems in medicine, the envir
Download or read book Photon Activation Analysis written by Christian Segebade and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Elements from Neutron to Magnesium written by Wunibald Kunz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Tables, Part II: Nuclear Reactions, Volume 1: The Elements from Neutron to Magnesium contains data on nuclear reactions and provides the energy level schemes of most of the nuclides. This book presents cross sections in numerical values and graphs. The Q-values, threshold values, kinetic energies of the emitted gamma rays, and energies and quanta-characteristics of the levels are also given in detail. The tables organized in this volume should enable scientists working in the theoretical and experimental field to recognize at first sight which problems are still waiting to be solved in the sphere of the particular nuclides. This publication is recommended for chemists and specialists conducting work on the elements from neutron to magnesium.
Download or read book Photoneutron Sources written by B. W. Sargent and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gamma ray and Neutron Spectroscopy of Planetary Surfaces and Atmospheres written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neutrons and gamma rays escaping from a planet can be used to map the concentrations of various elements in its surface. In a planet, the high-energy particles in the galactic cosmic rays induce a cascade of particles that includes many neutrons. The .gamma. rays are made by the decay of the naturally-occurring radioelements and by nuclear excitations induced by cosmic-ray particles and their secondaries (especially neutron capture or inelastic scattering reactions). After a short history of planetary .gamma.-ray and neutron spectroscopy, the .gamma.-ray spectrometer and active neutron detection system planned for the Mars Observer Mission are presented. The results of laboratory experiments that simulate the cosmic-ray bombardments of planetary surfaces and the status of the theoretical calculations for the processes that make and transport neutrons and .gamma. rays will be reviewed. Studies of Mars, including its atmosphere, are emphasized, as are new ideas, concepts, and problems that have arisen over the last decade, such as Doppler broadening and peaks from neutron scattering with germanium nuclei in a .gamma.-ray spectrometer. 23 refs., 1 fig.
Download or read book Elements of Slow Neutron Scattering written by J. M. Carpenter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the fundamental theory and applications of slow-neutron scattering.
Download or read book Neutronen und Verwandte Gammastrahlprobleme Neutrons and Related Gamma Ray Problems written by 3Island Press and published by . This book was released on 1959-01-02 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Reaction Studies Involving Neutrons and Gamma Rays written by Brian David Sowerby and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Induced Reactions and Spectroscopy with GEANIE written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of partial [gamma]-ray cross sections produced in neutron-induced reactions with neutrons in the energy range 1
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Capture Gamma Rays of 75 Elements Listed in Terms of Increasing Gamma ray Energy written by John Nicholas Hamawi and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
