Download or read book A Study of Effectiveness of Various Shoulder Rumble Strips on Highway Safety written by Chung S. Chen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Run-off-the-Road (ROTR) type of accident has been a predominant factor in highway fatalities nationwide. This situation has created a major concern and challenge for traffic management within transportation departments. Shoulder rumble strips are new traffic control devices for interstate and limited access roadway systems, which hold great potential for reducing ROTR accidents. Consequently, they have become a critical and attractive subject for highway safety improvements. Although shoulder rumble strips have been recognized as an effective measure and have been widely tested by 35 state agencies and several countries, the rolled type rumble strip is found most often in the literature. The optimal design patterns among the available types and their effectiveness have not been quantitatively tested and confirmed. This paper reexamines different typical patterns using field tests, implementation surveys from agencies, and mathematical analysis. A model has been developed to determine the optimal patterns. The results reveal that a milled pattern is superior to a rolled pattern for asphalt shoulders in terms of audibility and tactility effectiveness, quality control and ease of construction. The corrugated pattern is practical for concrete shoulders. Evidence is presented that existing implementation of policy and design criteria for rolled rumble strips should be modified and that more research is needed to determine the degree of effectiveness.

Download or read book Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rumble Strips written by Darren J. Torbic and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides guidance for the design and application of shoulder and centerline rumble strips as an effective crash reduction measure, while minimizing adverse effects for motorcyclists, bicyclists, and nearby residents. Using the results of previous studies and the research conducted under this project, safety effectiveness estimates were developed for shoulder rumble strips on rural freeways and rural two-lane roads and for centerline rumble strips on rural and urban two-lane roads.

Download or read book Effectiveness of Shoulder Rumble Strips written by Rick L. Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Centerline Plus Shoulder Rumble Strips written by Craig Lyon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research documented in this report was conducted as part of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Evaluation of Low-Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study (ELCSI-PFS). The FHWA established this pooled fund study in 2005 to conduct research on the effectiveness of the safety improvements identified by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 500 Guides as part of the implementation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Strategic Highway Safety Plan. The ELCSI-PFS studies provide a crash modification factor (CMF) and benefit-cost (B/C) economic analysis for each of the targeted safety strategies identified as priorities by the pooled fund member states. The combined application of centerline and shoulder rumble strips evaluated under this pooled fund study is intended to reduce the frequency of crashes by alerting drivers that they are about to leave the travelled lane. Geometric, traffic, and crash data were obtained at treated two-lane rural road locations in Kentucky, Missouri, and Pennsylvania. The results of this evaluation show that head-on, run-off-road, and sideswipe-opposite-direction crashes were significantly reduced, and application of centerline and shoulder rumble strips also has potential to reduce crash severity for all types of crashes.

Download or read book Safety Effectiveness of Centerline Rumble Strips and Shoulder Rumble Strips on Louisiana Two lane Highways written by Sushmita Khanal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Centerline Plus Shoulder Rumble Strips written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Considerations and Evaluation of the Safety Effectiveness of Rumble Strips in Wyoming written by Mirza Ahammad Sharif and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rumble strips/stripes are used by many states as a relatively low cost proven safety countermeasure to reduce or prevent lane departure crashes by providing a vibrotactile and audible warning to inattentive motorists. Although the advantages of rumble strips are generally found to outweigh the disadvantages, several issues and concerns have been identified regarding the implementation of rumble strips. The main goal of this study is to develop an effective policy of shoulder and centerline rumble strips/stripes in the State of Wyoming to enhance motor vehicle safety while accommodating all road users to the highest practical extent. Surveys were conducted to assess road users' concerns about rumble strips. Moreover, several issues regarding the use of rumble strips/stripes including: construction, maintenance, and noise are discussed. With the help of WYDOT, information regarding the state of practice of rumble strips/stripes in the U.S. was collected. Information was obtained through a review of the literature, online survey, and email communication with States DOTs. Thirty states responded to the online survey. Only four agencies have fully adhered to the NCHRP guidelines; Idaho, Mississippi, Nevada, and New Mexico. Fifteen agencies indicated that they are using the guidelines provided by NCHRP with some modifications to suit the needs of their region. Seven agencies are using their own guidelines; Alabama, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Among the agencies which took the survey, only Oklahoma responded that they do not have a written policy for rumble strips. Based on the DOTs guidelines identified recently from the literature and survey responses, thirty state agencies have already made provisions to accommodate bicyclists. Only three agencies responded that they do not have any provisions for bicyclists while the remaining eighteen state agencies indicated that they do not have adequate information to address this issue. The rest of the survey results showed that many DOTs are still updating their rumble strip policies. DOTs which had already been using their own guidelines are now moving forward to accommodate the non-conventional vehicles and nearby residents. About 72 percent of the states are following the NCHRP Report 641 guideline, either strictly or with some modifications. Application criteria and maintenance practices vary by state. Shoulder rumble strips are more widely used than centerline rumble strips or shoulder rumble stripes. Rumble strips are installed mostly on rural roadways since they possess fewer constraints on installation criteria. All of the 30 states which responded to the survey are using SRS and among them 27 states are using CLRS. The use of the combination of SRS and CLRS is not adopted by all the states, only 55 percent of the states are using both types in combination. Although the NCHRP 641 issued guidance on how state agencies can balance the increase in rumble strips implementation while accommodating all roadway users, 16 percent of state DOTs have indicated that their policies do not have any provisions for bicyclists when installing rumble strips, whereas, 42 percent of the DOTs do not consider noise when installing rumble strips. Most of the DOTs commented that they try to avoid installing rumble strips in urban areas to prevent noise. From the survey responses, information gathered in earlier surveys, and from synthesis documents; it was found that 36 states made provisions to accommodate bicyclists; while only 3 states; Idaho, Maine, and Florida attempted to accommodate motorcyclists. Maine DOT provides skip pattern on centerline rumble strips in rumble strips to facilitate motorcycle lane changes. Idaho DOT uses centerline rumble strips only in no-passing zones. The governing criteria ranked by DOTs when a roadway is considered for installing rumble strips are in the following order; area type (urban vs. rural), guardrail, pavement type, pavement thickness, bicycle traffic, motorcyclists, noise, nearby residents. An Expert System has been developed to provide an interactive easy way to navigate through rumble strips/stripes practices and guidelines in the U.S. It is recommended that the information compiled in the 'Expert System' should be fully utilized when adopting a new policy. It is also recommended that other DOTs implement or upgrade their rumble strips policies may utilize recent information presented in this study. Nine rural two-lane segments of 121.6 miles were identified for safety effectiveness analysis and to calibrate Crash Modification Factors (CMF) for rumble strips in Wyoming. Three years of crash and traffic data in the before and after were used to conduct a Naïve before-after analysis. The results showed significant effect of shoulder rumble strips on reducing target crashes and total crashes. Total crashes reduced by 40%. Additionally, Fatal and Injury (F+I) crashes, and Single Vehicle Run-Off-Road (SVROR) crashes reduced by 44% and 39%, respectively.

Download or read book Use of Rumble Strips to Enhance Safety written by Douglas W. Harwood and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis will be of interest to traffic engineers, highway design engineers, highway maintenance personnel, those responsible for toll plaza design and operation, and others concerned with the operation, safety and design of the roadway environment. Information is presented on the various applications of rumble strips on the traveled way and on highway shoulders. This synthesis describes the state of the practice with respect to placement, operational and safety effects, design, installation, and cost and service life of rumble strips. This report of the Transportation Research Board also discusses the effectiveness of rumble strips in preventing or reducing accidents. It provides information on the potential adverse effects of rumble strips, such as noise, motorist use of opposing lanes to avoid rumble strips, maintenance problems, and concerns of special users such as senior citizens, bikers, and truckers. The need for signing and public information support are also discussed. The synthesis presents several recommendations for future research.

Download or read book Centerline Rumble Strips written by Eugene Russell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 339: Centerline Rumble Strips (CLRS) examines current design, installation, configuration, dimension, and visibility issues associated with CLRS. The report addresses the need for guidance on warrants, benefits, successful practices, and concerns such as external noise and the reduced visibility of centerline striping material. Also addressed are pavement deterioration, ice buildup in the grooves, adverse impact on emergency vehicles, and the effect of CLRS on bicyclists. Particular attention was paid to available before-and-after CLRS installation crash data to document the safety aspects of CLRS and the availability of policies, guidelines, warrants, and costs regarding their use and design.

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Centerline Rumble Strips written by David A. Noyce and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Crash Modification Factors for Shoulder Rumple Strips and Passing Lanes on Rural Two way Two lane Highways written by Md Julfiker Hossain and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Wyoming Strategic Highway Safety Plan, lane departure crashes contribute to 72% of all critical crashes in Wyoming. Critical crashes are defined as events that lead to a fatality or incapacitating injury. In the US, single vehicle run off the road crashes contribute to a total of 54% of all crashes and a total societal loss of $80 billion every year. Shoulder Rumble Strips (SRS) have been proven to have a significant effect on reducing lane departure crashes. Passing lanes have also been considered as another effective countermeasure in reducing lane departure crashes though the primary objective of implementing passing lanes is to improve operation of two-way two-lane highways. The main objective of the study is to develop Crash Modification Factors for Shoulder Rumble Strips and Passing Lanes on two-way two-lane highways. Three main tasks were completed in this study to achieve the goal such as: 1) To develop Wyoming-specific full Safety Performance Functions, 2) To quantify the safety effectiveness of shoulder rumble strips, and 3) To develop Crash Modification Factors for Passing Lanes. Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) are needed to calibrate Crash Modification Factors for any countermeasure using before-after with Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides simple SPFs that consider Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) only to predict crashes. Also, the SPFs were developed utilizing data from limited number of states which may not represent the actual site conditions in Wyoming. Therefore, Wyoming-specific full Safety Performance Functions were developed in this study for total, fatal and injury, and lane departure crashes. Initially the data for Safety Performance Functions were collected for 12 years from 2003 to 2014. While verifying the data through navigating the Pathway Video Logs, an intermittent application of shoulder rumble strips was noticed. Therefore, a more accurate final data set was developed considering 7 years from 2008 to 2014. CMFs are dependent on the accuracy of the calibrated SPFs. A Normal Regression model with a Log-Link model was utilized to develop Wyoming-specific full Safety Performance Functions. While it is simple to quantify the safety effectiveness of permanent shoulder rumble strips, the process becomes challenging when resurfacing and shoulder rehabilitation may result in an intermittent presence of SRS in some locations. This study quantified the safety effectiveness of shoulder rumble strips for three different conditions; 1) assuming that SRS are present at all times since their initial implementation, 2) considering only verified sections with existing SRS for a continuous period of time, and 3) considering the intermittent nonexistent time periods of SRS as before period with after period when SRS are implemented. The thesis utilized cross-sectional and observational before-after with Empirical Bayes (EB) methods for the aforementioned three different conditions. The results from this study indicate that the safety effectiveness of shoulder rumble strips might be underestimated in case of not considering the intermittent implementation practice in the state. Specifically, it was found that SRS are 30% and 17% more effective in reducing fatal and injury, and lane departure crashes when considering the intermittent implementation compared to assuming their continued presence, respectively. Shoulder rumble strips resulted in about 50 and 40 percent reduction in fatal and injury crashes and lane departure crashes, respectively, considering the intermittent use. When the intermittent use was not considered, the shoulder rumble strips yielded only 14 to 28 percent reduction in different type of crashes which might be misleading. It is recommended that transportation agencies should consider immediate reapplication of SRS after resurfacing projects in order to help in reducing fatal and injury, and lane departure crashes. The final task of this study was to develop Crash Modification Factors for passing lanes. Passing lane is a potential countermeasure to reduce fatal and injury, and lane departure crashes. In this study, Crash Modification Factors for passing lanes were calculated by utilizing before-after with Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis. It is worth mentioning that the developed Wyoming-specific Safety Performance Functions were used to predict crashes in EB analysis. The result of the observational before-after analysis showed that the Crash Modification Factors for passing lanes were 0.58, 0.69 and 0.69 for total, fatal and injury, and lane departure crashes, respectively. Implementation of passing lanes in two-way two-lane highways is a cost-effective countermeasure to reduce crashes along with improving operations compared to four-lane construction.

Download or read book Effectiveness of Rumble Strips on Texas Highways written by Paul John Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NCHRP Report 641 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Evaluation of Shoulder Rumble Strips in Montana written by Robert R. Marvin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of shoulder rumble strip's effectiveness in reducing off-road and rollover crashes on Montana's highway system utilized 10 years of crash data on 393 miles of Interstate Highways and 213 miles of National Highway System (NHS) and Primary Highways. Statistical analysis of crash data involved rumble strip segments and control segments without rumble strips for 3 year periods before and after implementation of shoulder rumble strips. Descriptive statistics were developed from global data sets and comparative statistics on equivalent segments produced a finding of significant crash reductions on Interstate Highways, while the effect of shoulder rumble strips on NHS and Primary Highways was uncertain due to an inadequate sample size. Analysis of contingency tables indicate that the reduction in Interstate off-road crash rates attributable to shoulder rumble strips was 14.0% with a corresponding reduction of 23.5% in severity rates. The benefit/cost ratio for construction of shoulder rumble strips on Interstate highways was 19.5. A shoulder rumble strip driver survey involving questions related to knowledge of rumble strips, frequency of encounters, reaction to exposure, and general opinions on their use was incorporated as part of the study. The survey indicated that 95% of the driving public was familiar with rumble strips and their use with the majority of drivers encountering rumble strips on every highway trip. The overwhelming majority of motorists liked the benefits that shoulder rumble strips provide.

Download or read book Shoulder Rumble Strips for Improving Safety on Rural Interstates written by Per Gårder and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book State of the Practice for Shoulder and Center Line Rumble Strip Implementation on Non freeway Facilities written by Scott Himes and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Center line rumble strips (CLRSs) and shoulder rumble strips (SRSs) are proven countermeasures for reducing roadway departure crashes, including head-on and run-off-road crashes. The objectives of this project were twofold. The first objective was to develop a rumble strip decision support guide to inform agencies on CLRS and SRS installation. The second objective was to document the current state of the practice for CLRS and SRS installation, conduct a gap analysis, and provide a framework for future research related to further implementation of rumble strips. This research includes a literature review detailing research related to rumble strip design, noise and vibration testing methods and findings, impacts on bicyclists and motorcyclists, pavement condition impacts, pavement marking visibility, operational effectiveness, and safety effectiveness. The project also reviewed current department policies and standard drawings for rumble strip implementation strategies, systematic installation criteria, currently used rumble strip dimensions, high-crash corridor installation practices, and special considerations and rumble strip modifications. This report details the development of the decision support guide and includes a gap analysis and action plan for future rumble strip research. Future research can help agencies identify the optimal rumble strip design for installations.

Download or read book SAFETY EFFECTS OF SHOULDER AND CENTERLINE RUMBLE STRIPS written by Lingyu Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To develop a reliable and accurate safety effect estimate is one of the fundamental objectives in the traffic safety study. Transportation engineering practitioners use the safety effect estimates to identify and deploy a variety of safety countermeasures to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic accidents. Researchers have developed several methodologies to estimate the safety treatment effect in the observational study. The current state-of-the-practice is the empirical Bayes before-after study, which utilized the before and after treatment data to evaluate the treatment effect. The advantage of this methodology is that it corrects the regression-to-the-mean. Another prevalent method is the cross-sectional regression models. It can be used to manage cross-sectional data and estimate the effect of multi-level treatments. In recent years, the propensity score matching-potential outcomes framework has been introduced into the traffic safety study. This method is capable to balance the covariates between treatment and control (or reference) groups, and thus, reveal the causal relationship between the treatment and outcome. Recent traffic safety studies showed the strength of this method in estimating countermeasure safety effectiveness. However, the issue in the traffic safety data such as the unobserved heterogeneity may still affect the effectiveness and robustness of this propensity score matching method. This study explores an alternative way to conduct propensity score matching by incorporating Bayesian methods into the propensity score estimation. In order to explore the potential benefits of the Bayesian propensity score matching, a no-treatment analysis and a simulation-based analysis were conducted in the research. The data used in the analysis is the Pennsylvania two-lane rural highway crash database with the treatment of the duel application of shoulder and centerline rumble strips. The no-treatment analysis focused on investigating the effectiveness of the Bayesian propensity score matching framework. The regional-level samples such as statewide, district-level and county-level data were used respectively in the no-treatment analysis. The simulation-based analysis focused on investigating the robustness of this framework when there is unobserved heterogeneity. In each analysis, the Bayesian propensity score matching was conducted with different Bayesian prior settings, matching ratios and caliper widths. In addition, the ability to balance covariates and yield unbiased safety effect estimates was compared between the proposed methodology and the traditional propensity score matching method. The findings indicated that:1.The Bayesian propensity score matching method is superior to the traditional propensity score matching method in reducing bias of safety effect estimates when there are sufficient samples in the analysis. When the sample size is limited, incorporating Bayesian method would still improve the matching performance in balancing the covariates.2.The Bayesian propensity score matching method has the potential to yield unbiased estimates under the influence of unobserved heterogeneity. 3.The estimates from Bayesian propensity score matching method is sensitive to the choice of Bayesian prior and matching configuration such as ratio and caliper width. Decisions need to be made when applying this framework to the real data according to the sample size and number of measured covariates. The research also provides the guideline for the application of Bayesian propensity score matching method. A step-by-step flowchart is developed to help the researchers and practitioners to implement this framework.