Download or read book A New Constraint on Strongly interacting Dark Matter from X ray Quantum Calorimetry written by Adrienne L. Erickcek and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Constraints on Strongly Interacting Dark Matter written by Christopher V. Cappiello and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter makes up the vast majority of the matter in the universe, but despite years of experimental searches, its particle nature remains unknown. Strong limits on dark matter's properties come from direct detection experiments, which search for scattering between dark matter and Standard Model particles in the lab. While direct detection experiments have set strong and wide-reaching limits on weakly interacting dark matter above the MeV--GeV mass range, these limits lose strength or become invalid in particular regions of dark matter parameter space. If dark matter is too light, it cannot carry enough momentum to trigger typical direct detection experiments at typical halo velocities. We show that if sub-GeV dark matter has a nonzero cross section with nuclei or electrons, it must scatter with cosmic rays, producing two effects: distortions to the observed cosmic ray spectra, and a flux of high-energy, upscattered dark matter. We examine both of these effects and use them to set constraints on sub-GeV dark matter. And if dark matter interacts too strongly, commonly made assumptions about the size of dark matter-nucleus cross sections break down, invalidating many past analyses. For dark matter above a GeV, we show that if the dark matter-nucleon cross section is too large, the Born Approximation fails. This invalidates assumptions that are commonly used to relate dark matter's cross sections with different nuclei, for example, in the context of studying attenuation of strongly interacting dark matter in the Earth's crust. Finally, we build on this by setting new experimental constraints on heavy, composite dark matter, one general class of model that does not rely on the Born Approximation, unlike most studies of pointlike dark matter.
Download or read book Strong Constraints on Self interacting Dark Matter with Light Mediators written by Torsten Bringmann and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Dark Matter Research written by J. Val Blain and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is generally believed that most of the matter in the universe is dark, i.e. cannot be detected from the light which it emits (or fails to emit). Its presence is inferred indirectly from the motions of astronomical objects, specifically stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations. It is also required in order to enable gravity to amplify the small fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background enough to form the large-scale structures that we see in the universe today. For each of the stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations the basic principle is that if we measure velocities in some region, then there has to be enough mass there for gravity to stop all the objects flying apart. Dark matter has important consequences for the evolution of the Universe and the structure within it. According to general relativity, the Universe must conform to one of three possible types: open, flat, or closed. The total amount of mass and energy in the universe determines which of the three possibilities applies to the Universe. In the case of an open Universe, the total mass and energy density (denoted by the Greek letter Omega) is less than unity. If the Universe is closed, Omega is greater than unity. For the case where Omega is exactly equal to one the Universe is "flat". This book details leading-edge research from around the globe.
Download or read book Opening New Windows Onto the Universe written by Matthew C. Digman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past two centuries have seen tremendous expansion in human understanding of the structure and contents of the universe. Yet, less than 5% of the mass of the universe is contained within particles predicted and explained by the modern Standard Model of particle physics. An even smaller fraction, less than 0.5%, of the mass of the universe is in familiar, tangible objects like planets and stars. With so much of the universe yet obscure to use, we must develop new techniques to observe what our eyes (and telescopes) cannot see directly. In this thesis, I present three papers I have written exploring new windows for observing the hidden aspects of the universe. In the first, presented in Chapter 2, I explore theoretical constraints on models of strongly interacting dark matter. In the second, presented in Chapter 3, I describe a formalism and code I developed to forecast the impact of long-wavelength density fluctuations on future weak lensing surveys. In the third, presented in Chapter 4, I present a forecast for the number of white dwarf binaries that will be detected by both LISA and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
Download or read book Strongly Interacting Light Dark Matter written by Sebastian Bruggisser and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Astroparticle Particle Space Physics and Detectors for Physics Applications written by S. Giani and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exploration of the subnuclear world is done through increasingly complex experiments covering a wide range of energy and performed in a large variety of environments ranging from particle accelerators, underground detectors to satellites and the space laboratory. Among recent advances one has to indicate, for instance, first results obtained from space and LHC experiments and progress done in preparation of the latter experiments upgrades, including plans for the LHC machine upgrade. The achievement of these research programs calls for novel techniques, new materials and instrumentation to be used in detectors, often of large scale. Therefore, fundamental physics is at the forefront of technological advance and also leads to many applications. Among these, medical applications have a particular importance due to health and social benefits they bring to the public. Sample Chapter(s). Science highlights from the Fenni Observatory (5,046 KB). Contents: Space Experiments and Cosmic Rays Observations; Production and Propagation of Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy and Heliosphere; Dark Matter Searches, Underwater and Underground Experiments; High Energy Physics Experiments; Tracker and Position Sensitive Detectors; Calorimetry; Advanced Detectors, Particles Identication, Devices and Materials in Radiation; Broader Impact Activities, Treatments and Software Application. Readership: Post-graduate students, researchers and engineers.
Download or read book Astroparticle Particle Space Physics And Detectors For Physics Applications Proceedings Of The 13th Icatpp Conference written by Randal C Ruchti and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exploration of the subnuclear world is done through increasingly complex experiments covering a wide range of energy and performed in a large variety of environments ranging from particle accelerators, underground detectors to satellites and the space laboratory. Among recent advances one has to indicate, for instance, first results obtained from space and LHC experiments and progress done in preparation of the latter experiments upgrades, including plans for the LHC machine upgrade. The achievement of these research programs calls for novel techniques, new materials and instrumentation to be used in detectors, often of large scale. Therefore, fundamental physics is at the forefront of technological advance and also leads to many applications. Among these, medical applications have a particular importance due to health and social benefits they bring to the public.
Download or read book A Critical Reevaluation of Radio Constraints on Annihilating Dark Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of groups have employed radio observations of the Galactic center to derive stringent constraints on the annihilation cross section of weakly interacting dark matter. In this paper, we show that electron energy losses in this region are likely to be dominated by inverse Compton scattering on the interstellar radiation field, rather than by synchrotron, considerably relaxing the constraints on the dark matter annihilation cross section compared to previous works. Strong convective winds, which are well motivated by recent observations, may also significantly weaken synchrotron constraints. After taking these factors into account, we find that radio constraints on annihilating dark matter are orders of magnitude less stringent than previously reported, and are generally weaker than those derived from current gamma-ray observations.
Download or read book Constraining Dark Matter Through the Study of Merging Galaxy Clusters written by William Anthony Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority (~85%) of the matter in the universe is composed of dark matter, a mysterious particle that does not interact via the electromagnetic force yet does interact with all other matter via the gravitational force. Many direct detection experiments have been devoted to finding interactions of dark matter with baryonic matter via the weak force. To date only tentative and controversial evidence for such interactions has been found. While such direct detection experiments have ruled out the possibility that dark matter interacts with baryonic matter via a strong scale force, it is still possible that dark matter interacts with itself via a strong scale force and has a self-scattering cross-section of ~0.5 cm2g−1. In fact such a strong scale scattering force could resolve several outstanding astronomical mysteries: a discrepancy between the cuspy density profiles seen in [Lambda]CDM simulations and the cored density profiles observed in low surface brightness galaxies, dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and galaxy clusters, as well as the discrepancy between the significant number of massive Milky Way dwarf spheroidal halos predicted by [Lambda]CDM and the dearth of observed Milky Way dwarf spheroidal halos. Need: While such observations are in conflict with [Lambda]CDM and suggest that dark matter may self-scatter, each suffers from a baryonic degeneracy, where the observations might be explained by various baryonic processes (e.g., AGN or supernove feedback, stellar winds, etc.) rather than self-interacting dark matter (SIDM). In fact, the important scales of these observations often coincide with baryonic scales (e.g., the core size in clusters is few factors smaller than the radius of the brightest cluster galaxy). What is needed is a probe of SIDM where the expected effect cannot be replicated by the same processes responsible for the baryonic degeneracy in the aforementioned probes. Merging galaxy clusters are such a probe. During the merging process the effectively collisionless galaxies (~2% of the cluster mass) become dissociated from the collisional intracluster gas (~15% of the cluster mass). A significant fraction of the gas self-interacts during the merger and slows down at the point of collision. If dark matter lags behind the effectively collisionless galaxies then this is clear evidence that dark matter self-interacts. The expected galaxy-dark matter offset is typically >25 kpc (for cross-sections that would explain the other aforementioned issues with [Lambda]CDM), this is larger than the scales of that are plagued by the baryonic degeneracies. Task: To test whether dark matter self-interacts we have carried out a comprehensive survey of the dissociative merging galaxy cluster DLSCL J0916.2+2951 (also known as the Musket Ball Cluster). This survey includes photometric and spectroscopic observations to quantify the position and velocity of the cluster galaxies, weak gravitational lensing observations to map and weigh the mass (i.e., dark matter which comprises ~85% of the mass) of the cluster, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray observations to map and quantify the intracluster gas, and finally radio observations to search for associated radio relics, which had they been observed would have helped constrain the properties of the merger. Using this information in conjunction with a Monte Carlo analysis model I quantify the dynamic properties of the merger, necessary to properly interpret constraints on the SIDM cross-section. I compare the locations of the galaxies, dark matter and gas to constrain the SIDM cross-section. This dissertation presents this work. Findings: We find that the Musket Ball is a merger with total mass of 4.8(+3.2)(-1.5) x 1014M(sun). However, the dynamic analysis shows that the Musket Ball is being observed 1.1(+1.3)(-0.4) Gyr after first pass through and is much further progressed in its merger process than previously identified dissociative mergers (for example it is 3.4(+3.8)(1.4) times further progressed that the Bullet Cluster). By observing that the dark matter is significantly offset from the gas we are able to place an upper limit on the dark matter cross-section of [sigma](SIDM)m−1(DM)
Download or read book Perspectives on Supersymmetry II written by G. L. Kane and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supersymmetry is at an exciting stage of development. It extends the Standard Model of particle physics into a more powerful theory that both explains more and allows more questions to be addressed. Most importantly, it opens a window for studying and testing fundamental theories at the Planck scale. Experimentally we are finally entering the intensity and energy and sensitivity regions where superpartners and supersymmetric dark matter candidates are likely to be detected, and then studied. There has been progress in understanding the remarkable physics implications of supersymmetry, including the derivation of the Higgs mechanism, the unification of the Standard Model forces, cosmological connections such as a candidate for the cold dark matter of the universe and consequences for understanding the cosmological history of the universe, and more. This volume begins with an excellent pedagogical introduction to the physics and methods and formalism of supersymmetry which is accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of the Standard Model of particle physics.Next is an overview of open questions, followed by chapters on topics such as how to detect superpartners and tools for studying them, the current limits on superpartner masses as we enter the LHC era, the lightest superpartner as a dark matter candidate in thermal and non-thermal cosmological histories, and associated Z'' physics. Most chapters have been extended and updated from the earlier edition and some are new. This superb book will allow interested physicists to understand the coming experimental and theoretical progress in supersymmetry and the implications of discoveries of superpartners, and will also help students and workers to quickly learn new aspects of supersymmetry they want to pursue.
Download or read book High Energy Physics Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Download or read book Astroparticle Physics written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the branch of astronomy in which processes in the universe are investigated with experimental methods employed in particle-physics experiments. After a historical introduction the basics of elementary particles, Explains particle interactions and the relevant detection techniques, while modern aspects of astroparticle physics are described in a chapter on cosmology. Provides an orientation in the field of astroparticle physics that many beginners might seek and appreciate because the underlying physics fundamentals are presented with little mathematics, and the results are illustrated by many diagrams. Readers have a chance to enter this field of astronomy with a book that closes the gap between expert and popular level.
Download or read book Radiation Oncology Physics written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is aimed at students and teachers involved in teaching programmes in field of medical radiation physics, and it covers the basic medical physics knowledge required in the form of a syllabus for modern radiation oncology. The information will be useful to those preparing for professional certification exams in radiation oncology, medical physics, dosimetry or radiotherapy technology.
Download or read book Semiconductor Radiation Detectors written by Gerhard Lutz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-06-15 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from basic principles, this book describes the rapidly growing field of modern semiconductor detectors used for energy and position measurement radiation. The author, whose own contributions to these developments have been significant, explains the working principles of semiconductor radiation detectors in an intuitive way. Broad coverage is also given to electronic signal readout and to the subject of radiation damage.
