Download or read book A New Comprehensive Reaction Mechanism for Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A chemical kinetic model has been developed which describes pyrolysis, ignition and oxidation of many small hydrocarbon fuels over a wide range of experimental conditions. Fuels include carbon monoxide and hydrogen, methane and other alkane species up to n-butane, ethylene, propene, acetylene, and oxygenated species such as methanol, acetaldehyde and ethanol. Formation of some larger intermediate and product species including benzene, butadiene, large olefins, and cyclopentadiene has been treated in a semi-empirical manner. The reaction mechanism has been tested for conditions that do not involve transport and diffusional processes, including plug flow and stirred reactors, batch reactors and shock tubes. The present kinetic model and its validation differ from previous reaction mechanisms in two ways. First, in addition to conventional combustion data, experiments more commonly associated with chemical engineering problems such as oxidative coupling, oxidative pyrolysis and steam cracking are used to test the reaction mechanism, making it even more general than previous models. In addition, H atom abstraction and some other reaction rates, even for the smaller C2, C3 and C4 species, are treated using approximations that facilitate future extensions to larger fuels in a convenient manner. Construction of the reaction mechanism and comparisons with experimental data illustrate the generality of the model.
Download or read book Development of a Comprehensive and Predictive Reaction Mechanism of Liquid Hydrocarbon Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted in several relevant areas, including (1) validation of the chemistry and transport models against the extinction of ultra-lean premixed hydrogen-air mixtures, (2) a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the reaction kinetics of carbon monoxide and the hydroxyl radical, (3) a theoretical kinetic study of the decomposition of ethylene oxide; (4) a gas-kinetic analysis for the transport properties of long chain molecules in dilute gases, (5) quantum-chemistry, master equation modeling of the unimolecular decomposition of ortho-benzyne, (6) extension of the previously developed hydrogenicarbon model to combustion pressures as high as 600 atm, (7) an updated kinetic mechanism of small-hydrocarbon fuel combustion for use as a kinetic foundation of higher hydrocarbon combustion, and (8) a methodology for kinetic uncertainty propagation. These projects represent the two key ingredients for meeting the overall project objectives: (a) an accurate physico-chemical property database for combustion kinetics, and (b) a unified and optimized kinetic model for liquid aliphatic and aromatic fuel combustion with quantifiable uncertainties.
Download or read book The Role of Comprehensive Detailed Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms in Combustion Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments by the authors in the field of comprehensive detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms for hydrocarbon fuels are reviewed. Examples are given of how these mechanisms provide fundamental chemical insights into a range of combustion applications. Practical combustion consists primarily of chemical heat release from reactions between a fuel and an oxidizer, and computer simulations of practical combustion systems have become an essential tool of combustion research (Westbrook et al., 2005). At the heart of most combustion simulations, the chemical kinetic submodel frequently is the most detailed, complex and computationally costly part of a system model. Historically, the chemical submodel equations are solved using time-implicit numerical algorithms, due to the extreme stiffness of the coupled rate equations, with a computational cost that varies roughly with the cube of the number of chemical species in the model. While early mechanisms (c. 1980) for apparently simple fuels such as methane (Warnatz, 1980) or methanol (Westbrook and Dryer, 1979) included perhaps 25 species, current detailed mechanisms for much larger, more complex fuels such as hexadecane (Fournet et al., 2001; Ristori et al., 2001; Westbrook et al., 2008) or methyl ester methyl decanoate (Herbinet et al., 2008) have as many as 2000 or even 3000 species. Rapid growth in capabilities of modern computers has been an essential feature in this rapid growth in the size and complexity of chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms.
Download or read book Chemical Kinetics of the Gas Phase Combustion of Fuels written by Francis Westley and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work supported by the Office of Standard Reference Data, National Bureau of Standards, Naval Sea Systems Command, Department of the Navy, and Division of Conservation, Research and Technology, Energy Research and Development Administration.
Download or read book Gas Phase Combustion Chemistry written by W.C., Jr. Gardiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superseding Gardiner's "Combustion Chemistry", this is an updated, comprehensive coverage of those aspects of combustion chemistry relevant to gas-phase combustion of hydrocarbons. The book includes an extended discussion of air pollutant chemistry and aspects of combustion, and reviews elementary reactions of nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine compounds that are relevant to combustion. Methods of combustion modeling and rate coefficient estimation are presented, as well as access to databases for combustion thermochemistry and modeling.
Download or read book Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Combustion written by David. Hucknall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific and economic importance of the high-temperature reactions of hydrocarbons in both the presence and absence of oxygen cannot be overemphasized. A vast chemical industry exists based on feedstocks produced by the controlled pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, while uncontrolled combustion in air is still among the most important sources of heat and mechanical energy. The detonation and explosion of hydrocarbon-oxidant mixtures can however, be a highly dangerous phenomenon which destroys lives and equipment. In order that control can be exerted over combustion processes, a complete description of hydrocarbon oxidation and pyrolysis is required. A major contribution to this is an understanding of the unstable intermediates involved and their reactions. The aim of this book is to review our knowledge of the chemistry of hydrocarbon combustion and to consider the data which are available for relevant reactions. Chapter 1 describes early studies in which the apparent complexity of the chemistry was established and the type of information required for a better understanding was defined. Experimental studies of the overall process which were carried out with the aim of establishing the sequence of stable chemical intermediates and some of the unstable species are described in Chapter 2. The limited nature of the information thus obtained showed that independent studies of individual reactions involving the unstable species were required. In Chapter 3 investigations specifically aimed at the determination of the kinetics of elementary reactions are discussed.
Download or read book Combustion written by Irvin Glassman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout its previous four editions, Combustion has made a very complex subject both enjoyable and understandable to its student readers and a pleasure for instructors to teach. With its clearly articulated physical and chemical processes of flame combustion and smooth, logical transitions to engineering applications, this new edition continues that tradition. Greatly expanded end-of-chapter problem sets and new areas of combustion engineering applications make it even easier for students to grasp the significance of combustion to a wide range of engineering practice, from transportation to energy generation to environmental impacts. Combustion engineering is the study of rapid energy and mass transfer usually through the common physical phenomena of flame oxidation. It covers the physics and chemistry of this process and the engineering applications—including power generation in internal combustion automobile engines and gas turbine engines. Renewed concerns about energy efficiency and fuel costs, along with continued concerns over toxic and particulate emissions, make this a crucial area of engineering. New chapter on new combustion concepts and technologies, including discussion on nanotechnology as related to combustion, as well as microgravity combustion, microcombustion, and catalytic combustion—all interrelated and discussed by considering scaling issues (e.g., length and time scales) New information on sensitivity analysis of reaction mechanisms and generation and application of reduced mechanisms Expanded coverage of turbulent reactive flows to better illustrate real-world applications Important new sections on stabilization of diffusion flames—for the first time, the concept of triple flames will be introduced and discussed in the context of diffusion flame stabilization
Download or read book The Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Fuels written by Harold H. Schobert and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Fuels is concerned with the chemical aspects of hydrofuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Topics covered include diagenesis and catagenesis, processing of natural gas and petroleum fractions, coal combustion, and chemicals that can be obtained from fuels. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a comprehensive treatment of the formation of fuels from accumulated organic matter, along with the organic geochemistry of coal, oil, and gas. The following chapters focus on the composition of hydrocarbon fuels and some of their important physical properties. Production and use of synthesis gas, alternate fuels from coal, and oxygenated fuels are considered. The remaining chapters deal with some of the chemistry of separation, refining, and use of hydrocarbon fuels. This monograph is written primarily for practicing scientists and engineers, fuel scientists, petroleum chemists, and those who are new to the field of fuel science and seek an introduction to fuel chemistry.
Download or read book Development and Optimization of a Comprehensive Kinetic Model of Hydrocarbon Fuel Combustion written by Hai Wang and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the present research program is to develop a comprehensive, predictive, and detailed kinetic model of hydrocarbon combustion for aeropropulsion simulations. During the reporting period progress has been made in the following projects: (1) a comparative study of the influence of reaction rate constant and binary diffusion coefficient on laminar flame speed predictions and close coupled scattering calculations for the binary diffusion coefficients of H-He and H-Ar, (2) a study on the mechanisms for the initiation of radical chain reactions during homogeneous oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and (3) development of a comprehensive mechanism for C1-C4 fuel combustion. These three projects represent the two key ingredients that are necessary to the success of the overall research program. These are, (1) the formulation of physico-chemical properties that are relevant to kinetic model development and validation, and (2) further development of a unified and optimized kinetic model for higher hydrocarbon combustion.
Download or read book Cleaner Combustion written by Frédérique Battin-Leclerc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-06 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This overview compiles the on-going research in Europe to enlarge and deepen the understanding of the reaction mechanisms and pathways associated with the combustion of an increased range of fuels. Focus is given to the formation of a large number of hazardous minor pollutants and the inability of current combustion models to predict the formation of minor products such as alkenes, dienes, aromatics, aldehydes and soot nano-particles which have a deleterious impact on both the environment and on human health. Cleaner Combustion describes, at a fundamental level, the reactive chemistry of minor pollutants within extensively validated detailed mechanisms for traditional fuels, but also innovative surrogates, describing the complex chemistry of new environmentally important bio-fuels. Divided into five sections, a broad yet detailed coverage of related research is provided. Beginning with the development of detailed kinetic mechanisms, chapters go on to explore techniques to obtain reliable experimental data, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mechanism reduction and uncertainty analysis, and elementary reactions. This comprehensive coverage of current research provides a solid foundation for researchers, managers, policy makers and industry operators working in or developing this innovative and globally relevant field.
Download or read book Combustion written by Irvin Glassman and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glassman's introductory text emphasises underlying physical and chemical principles, and encompasses engine technology, fire safety, materials synthesis, detonation phenomena, hydrocarbon fuel oxidation mechanisms, and environmental considerations.
Download or read book Comprehensive Mechanisms for Combustion Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research program is an integrated effort to determine the reaction mechanisms responsible for the oxidation of small molecule hydrocarbon structures under conditions representative of combustion environments. The experimental aspects of the work are conducted in an atmospheric pressure flow reactor (APFR) as well as in a new variable pressure flow reactor (VPFR) facility which extends the ranges of parameters available in the APFR, particularly the pressure, (1--15 atm.), the temperature (600 K to 1200 K), and the observation time (10 to 5000 milli-seconds). Gas sampling of stable reactant, intermediate, and product species concentrations provide substantial definition of not only the phenomenology of reaction mechanisms, but a much more constrained set of pure kinetic information than can be derived in flames, or shock tubes. Analytical techniques used for detecting hydrocarbons and carbon oxides include gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for off-time analyses. Non-dispersive infrared and Fourier transform. Infrared methods are utilized for continuous on-line sample detection of light hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, and oxygenated species. The modeling aspects of the program emphasize the use of hierarchical mechanistic construction along with path and elemental gradient sensitivity analyses in developing detailed kinetic mechanisms. Modeling using a well defined and validated mechanism for the CO/H2/Oxidant systems and perturbations of experimental oxidations by small amounts of additives are also used to derive absolute reaction rates and to investigate the compatibility of elementary kinetic rate information.
Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Download or read book Turbulent Combustion written by Norbert Peters and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combustion of fossil fuels remains a key technology for the foreseeable future. It is therefore important that we understand the mechanisms of combustion and, in particular, the role of turbulence within this process. Combustion always takes place within a turbulent flow field for two reasons: turbulence increases the mixing process and enhances combustion, but at the same time combustion releases heat which generates flow instability through buoyancy, thus enhancing the transition to turbulence. The four chapters of this book present a thorough introduction to the field of turbulent combustion. After an overview of modeling approaches, the three remaining chapters consider the three distinct cases of premixed, non-premixed, and partially premixed combustion, respectively. This book will be of value to researchers and students of engineering and applied mathematics by demonstrating the current theories of turbulent combustion within a unified presentation of the field.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combustion written by J. Warnatz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a rigorous treatment of the coupling of chemical reactions and fluid flow. Combustion-specific topics of chemistry and fluid mechanics are considered and tools described for the simulation of combustion processes. This edition is completely restructured. Mathematical Formulae and derivations as well as the space-consuming reaction mechanisms have been replaced from the text to appendix. A new chapter discusses the impact of combustion processes on the atmosphere, the chapter on auto-ignition is extended to combustion in Otto- and Diesel-engines, and the chapters on heterogeneous combustion and on soot formation are heavily revised.
