Download or read book Space Debris Peril written by Matteo Madi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides up-to-date knowledge of space debris and valuable insights on how to grapple with this issue from legal, technical, economical and societal aspects. I would strongly recommend that everyone who is working on space development and utilizations and even non-specialists once read this book and think over how human being should be faced with this issue." –Prof. Shinichi Nakasuka, University of Tokyo, Japan Space Debris Peril: Pathways to Opportunities takes readers through the wide spectrum of problems created by space debris – including technical, political, legal and socio-economical aspects – and suggests ways to mitigate its negative consequences and create new opportunities. With chapter contributions from authors at world-renowned universities, private or public entities, and research institutes active in the field of space debris mitigation, space policy and law, risk and resilience, liability and insurance, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject helping the reader to grasp the whole picture of the current space debris remediation challenges. This book will be of interest to the scientific communities, policy makers, business developers, (re)insurers and international standards developers for space operations and orbital debris mitigation. Also, it should appeal to a broader audience among non-specialists in various sectors and the general public. Key features: Brings together interdisciplinary perspectives on the topic in one, cohesive book Chapter contributions from specialists in this interdisciplinary field from around the globe Up-to-date information with the latest developments

Download or read book A New Approach to Active Removal of Space Debris written by Houman Hakima and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of human space activities for over sixty years, there exist numerous man-made debris objects in the Earth orbits. Such objects not only jeopardize current operations of important space assets, but can also seriously hinder future space missions through a potential chain reaction of colliding space debris. This research addresses mitigation and remediation of the space debris environment. The thesis entails research in four critical subject areas: i) characterization of the debris environment, ii) assessment of the active debris removal methods proposed in the literature, iii) detailed engineering of a novel removal concept using a CubeSat spacecraft, called Deorbiter CubeSat, for sizable debris objects in low-Earth orbit, and iv) design of attitude and orbit controllers for the proposed spacecraft. The research first develops a probabilistic method for the prioritization of debris objects to be consid- ered in near-future removal missions. Then, a comparative study and in-depth analysis is conducted on the removal methods proposed in the literature to investigate their viability, through a number of multi- criteria assessment techniques. A Monte Carlo analysis is used in the study to quantify the intrinsic uncertainty associated with the space debris population. Next, a new debris removal mission utilizing Deorbiter CubeSats is conceptualized, and the design of CubeSat subsystems is detailed. A mothership spacecraft carries and deploys a number of Deorbiter CubeSats into designated orbits near their target debris. Each CubeSat uses an eight-unit form factor, and consists of commercially-available components with substantial space heritage. The actual performance specifications of the components are used to examine the proposed space debris removal approach. Finally, control schemes are synthesized for the critical maneuvers in the mission, using a unilateral low-thrust propulsion and a three-axis reaction wheel systems onboard the CubeSat, namely, i) concurrent rendezvous and attitude synchronization maneuver for approaching and attaching to the debris, ii) detumbling maneuver for stabilizing the debris attitude motion, and iii) deorbiting maneuver for transferring the debris from its original orbit to a deorbit altitude along a time-optimal trajectory. Several numerical simulations verify and validate the proposed approach as well as the control schemes.

Download or read book Space Security and Legal Aspects of Active Debris Removal written by Annette Froehlich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book analyzes the various legal and political concepts to resolve the problem of the existing space debris in outer space and which measures have been taken to avoid space debris or to reduce potential space debris in the course of future space missions. From a scientific and technical point of view various studies are ongoing to analyze the feasibility of active debris removal. Nevertheless it has to be highlighted that outer space is an international area where various actors with different legal and political concepts are operating, a situation that leads to different approaches concerning such activities.

Download or read book New Solutions for the Space Debris Problem written by Joseph N. Pelton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing a pressing issue in space policy, Pelton explores the new forms of technology that are being developed to actively remove the defunct space objects from orbit and analyzes their implications in the existing regime of international space law and public international law. This authoritative review covers the due diligence guidelines that nations are using to minimize the generation of new debris, mandates to de-orbit satellites at end of life, and innovative endeavours to remove non-functional satellites, upper stage rockets and other large debris from orbit under new institutional, financial and regulatory guidelines. Commercial space services currently exceed 100 billion USD business per annum, but the alarming proliferation in the population of orbital debris in low, medium and geosynchronous satellite orbits poses a serious threat to all kinds of space assets and applications. There is a graver concern that the existing space debris will begin to collide in a cascading manner, generating further debris, which is known as the Kessler Syndrome. Scientific analysis has indicated an urgent need to perform space debris remediation through active removal of debris and on-orbit satellite servicing.

Download or read book Guidance Control and Docking for CubeSat based Active Debris Removal written by Mohamed Khalil Ben-Larbi and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2023-08-07 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While a paradigm shift in space industry has already started involving “mass production” of higher standardized, large distributed systems such as constellations, there are no effective solutions existing for the “mass removal” of satellites. Many indicators point to a further increase in the space traffic in Earth orbit in the near future, which could imply new dynamics in the evolution of the space debris environment. Even in case of diligent compliance with the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) mitigation guidelines, the growth in space traffic complicates its management and drastically increases the probability of accidents and system failures. NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler proposed a scenario in which the density of objects in low Earth orbit is high enough that collisions between objects could cause a cascade that renders space unusable for many generations. Therefore, a reliable and affordable capability of removing or servicing non-functional objects is essential to guarantee sustainable access to Earth orbit. Recently, the CubeSat design standard introduced a new class of cost-efficient small spacecraft and thereby offers a potential solution to the active debris removal (ADR) problem. The development of a novel “CubeSat-compatible” ADR technology has significant advantages such as the use of commercial off-the-shelf parts, reduced launch cost, and reduced design efforts. This thesis presents –in the frame of an ADR mission– an approach to advanced rendezvous and docking with non-cooperative targets via CubeSat. It covers the design process of simulation systems used for verification purposes, the ideation and implementation of novel guidance, control, and docking techniques, as well as their verification and evaluation. The outcome of this research is a series of validated software tools, processes, technical devices, and algorithms for automated approach and docking, that have been tested in simulation and with prototype hardware.

Download or read book Incentivizing Active Debris Removal Following the Failure of Mitigation Measures to Solve the Space Debris Problem written by Adam Mudge and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since the beginning of the Space Age in 1957, mankind has greatly benefited from the free exploration and use of outer space. Satellites placed in Earth orbit have enabled navigation, communication, weather prediction, disaster relief, and national security, among many other applications. Significant decreases in launch and satellite costs have spurred the introduction of many new space-faring nations, as well as a rapid increase in space activities by non-governmental entities, some of which are actively pursuing enormous constellations of thousands of satellites. However, usable Earth orbits are not unlimited, and with this increase in space activity has come space congestion, in the form of operational and defunct satellites, expended rocket bodies, and leftover debris from fragmentation events. The number and mass of space objects in Earth orbit have increased at an alarming rate since the 1980s. Worryingly, international efforts to mitigate this trend since the 1990s have failed, stoking fears of a runaway ‘domino effect’ of space collisions. To preserve space for future generations, debris must be actively removed from space, but the international legal landscape poses serious challenges to such activities. This paper examines the problem of space debris, the failure of international efforts to mitigate additional debris, and the need for and legal challenges surrounding the active removal of debris from space.The introduction to this thesis previews the major issues involved and its overall objectives, while explaining certain limitations and the methodology employed. Part I examines the causes, characteristics, and scope of the space debris problem. Part II reviews the national and international mitigation efforts taken to tackle the debris problem, arguing that they have ultimately failed, necessitating active debris removal. Part III describes several remediation technologies and then identifies and closely analyzes various legal and policy challenges complicating active debris removal. Finally, Part IV identifies and suggests potential national and international means to ameliorate some of these identified challenges"--

Download or read book Active Debris Removal in Space written by Robin Biesbroek and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are 17,000 traceable objects in space. However only 600 of these objects are active satellites. The other 96% can be classified as space debris; human-made elements or fragments that do not function anymore. These objects are now the reason why satellite operators get collision warnings on a weekly basis, and every week at least one of these debris objects enters the atmosphere. In the meantime, the number of debris objects in space keeps increasing... It is time for a change. People need to realize that our environment includes space around the Earth, and that this space is polluted. It is time to start actively removing space debris. But access to space is expensive, and catching debris objects has never been done before. Now for the first time, Robin Biesbroek, who manages active debris removal studies at the European Space Agency, describes solutions to clean up space in a non-technical way. Apart from technical design solutions to create a 'garbage truck for space', other questions such as 'what are the legal applications?', 'Where is space debris?', 'can we make a business case out of debris removal?' are discussed.

Download or read book Space Debris and Other Threats from Outer Space written by Joseph N. Pelton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mounting problem of space debris in low earth orbit and its threat to the operation of application satellites has been increasingly recognized as space activities increase. The efforts of the Inter Agency Space Debris Coordinating Committee (IADC) and UN COPUS have now led to international guidelines to mitigate the creation of new debris. This book discusses the technical studies being developed for active removal processes and otherwise mitigating problems of space debris, particularly in low earth orbit. This book also considers threats to space systems and the Earth that comes from natural causes such as asteroids, coronal mass ejections, and radiation. After more than half a century of space applications and explorations, the time has come to consider ways to provide sustainability for long-term space activities.

Download or read book Artificial Space Debris written by Nicholas L. Johnson and published by Krieger Publishing Company. This book was released on 1987 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Space Debris Challenges and Removal Techniques written by Lakshya Vaibhav Datta and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Especially with advents in space technology, space debris removal has become more important then ever. There can be several methods of removal of space debris. One of the viable options available is taking proper precautions in satellites and objects being sent up in to space, such that they can use their own systems in order to return back to Earth upon completion of their missions or burn up in the Earth's atmosphere and hence not pose a threat to future space missions. The main problem in the mission to rid the planet's boundary of unwanted debris particles lies in the removal of those particles and objects which do not have the capability of using their own systems to return to Earth or get burnt up in the Earth's atmosphere in a short duration of time. Old rocket shells, satellite components and fragments, make up only a small part of nearly 16,000 space debris particles larger than 10 centimeters being constantly monitored by NASA. This book discusses ways of removing those space debris components, which have completed their respective missions. This work by Lakshya Datta, edited by Dr. Ugur GUVEN is a perfect book as a beginners guide to the Fundamentals of Space Debris.

Download or read book Final Design of a Space Debris Removal System written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective is the removal of medium sized orbital debris in low Earth orbits. The design incorporates a transfer vehicle and a netting vehicle to capture the medium size debris. The system is based near an operational space station located at 28.5 degrees inclination and 400 km altitude. The system uses ground based tracking to determine the location of a satellite breakup or debris cloud. This data is unloaded to the transfer vehicle, and the transfer vehicle proceeds to rendezvous with the debris at a lower altitude parking orbit. Next, the netting vehicle is deployed, tracks the targeted debris, and captures it. After expending the available nets, the netting vehicle returns to the transfer vehicle for a new netting module and continues to capture more debris in the target area. Once all the netting modules are expended, the transfer vehicle returns to the space station's orbit, where it is resupplied with new netting modules from a space shuttle load. The new modules are launched by the shuttle from the ground, and the expended modules are taken back to Earth for removal of the captured debris, refueling, and repacking of the nets. Once the netting modules are refurbished, they are taken back into orbit for reuse. In a typical mission, the system has the ability to capture 50 pieces of orbital debris. One mission will take about six months. The system is designed to allow for a 30 degree inclination change on the outgoing and incoming trips of the transfer vehicle. Carlson, Erika and Casali, Steve and Chambers, Don and Geissler, Garner and Lalich, Andrew and Leipold, Manfred and Mach, Richard and Parry, John and Weems, Foley Unspecified Center CLEANING; DEBRIS; DEPLOYMENT; EARTH ORBITS; NETS; SPACE DEBRIS; SPACE STATIONS; LOADS (FORCES); LOW EARTH ORBITS; MODULES; PARKING ORBITS; POSITION (LOCATION); REFUELING; SPACE SHUTTLES; SPACECRAFT BREAKUP...

Download or read book Active Debris Removal written by Tyler A. Way and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of commercial entrants into the space economy has led to a growing concern about space debris and the danger it poses to satellites and space activities. Active debris removal (ADR) might be one of the tools for remediating existing debris, but such a proposal faces seemingly insurmountable legal challenges in addition to its technical and economic challenges. Permitted and legal ADR does not have to be prohibitively complicated. The legal framework in this paper establishes a method by which the United States can demonstrate its commitment to the remediation of space debris, set up pathfinder missions, and contribute to long-term sustainability of outer space.

Download or read book Norm Formation in Space Law written by Kimitake Nakamura and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-08-15 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Japanese version of this text received the Riese Award from the Air Law Institute of Japan. What kind of document should be created to solve the problem of space activities? This book uses case studies to illustrate how normative approaches in space law differ from those in other fields, delving into the history of norms and treaties in space law, contemporary issues concerning space activities, and issues surrounding debris removal and mitigation. Its analytical approach will be useful for readers who study how the basic theory of public international law can apply to new frontiers in space law.

Download or read book Stardust Final Conference written by Massimiliano Vasile and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space debris and asteroid impacts pose a very real, very near-term threat to Earth. In order to help study and mitigate these risks, the Stardust program was formed in 2013. This training and research network was devoted to developing and mastering techniques such as removal, deflection, exploitation, and tracking. This book is a collection of many of the topics addressed at the Final Stardust Conference, describing the latest in asteroid monitoring and how engineering efforts can help us reduce space debris. It is a selection of studies bringing together specialists from universities, research institutions, and industry, tasked with the mission of pushing the boundaries of space research with innovative ideas and visionary concepts. Topics covered by the Symposium: Orbital and Attitude Dynamics Modeling Long Term Orbit and Attitude Evolution Particle Cloud Modeling and Simulation Collision and Impact Modelling and Simulation, Re-entry Modeling and Simulation Asteroid Origins and Characterization Orbit and Attitude Determination Impact Prediction and Risk Analysis, Mission Analysis-Proximity Operations, Active Removal/Deflection Control Under Uncertainty, Active Removal/Deflection Technologies, and Asteroid Manipulation

Download or read book Active Removal of Space Debris with Space based Lasers written by Manuel Schmitz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Active Space Debris Removal Using Capture and Ejection written by Jonathan William Missel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Earth Orbit is over-cluttered with rogue objects that threaten existing technological assets and interfere with allocating new ones. Traditional satellite missions are not efficient enough to collect an appreciable amount of debris due to the high cost of orbit transfers. Many alternate proposals are politically controversial, costly, or dependent on undeveloped technology. This dissertation attempts to solve the problem by introducing a new mission architecture, Space Sweeper, and bespoke hardware, Sling-Sat, that sequentially captures and ejects debris plastically. Resulting momentum exchanges are exploited to aid in subsequent orbit transfers, thus saving fuel. Sling-Sat is a spinning satellite that captures debris at the ends of adjustable-length arms. Arm length controls the angular rate to achieve a desired tangential ejection speed. Timing the release exacts the ejection angle. This process redirects debris to burn up in the atmosphere, or reduce its lifetime, by lowering its perigee. This dissertation establishes feasibility of principles fundamental to the proposed concept. Hardware is conceptualized to accommodate Space Sweeper's specialized needs. Mathematical models are built for the purpose of analysis and simulation. A kinematic analysis investigates system demands and long-term behavior resulting from repeated debris interaction. A successful approach to enforce debris capture is established through optimal control techniques. A study of orbital parameters and their response to debris interactions builds an intuition for missions of this nature. Finally, a J2-compliant technique for path optimization is demonstrated. The results strongly support feasibility of the proposed mission. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149391

Download or read book The Road Not Yet Taken for Defusing Conflicts in Active Debris Removal a Multilateral Organization written by Ward Munters and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dual-use nature of active debris removal (ADR) and of on-orbit servicing (OOS) technology implies the latent possibility of aggressive interference with foreign entities' space objects. This can create an atmosphere of escalatory competition in which space actors start or continue to develop offensive or retaliatory space capabilities to protect their space assets. An arms race or conflicts in space could follow, to the detriment of the peaceful uses of outer space for the benefit of all. Apart from the drafting of non-binding rules of conduct, guidelines and transparency measures and the difficulty of negotiating restrictive binding regulations, this paper discusses a third way to help safeguard security and peace in space that has not received adequate attention in literature: a broad intergovernmental organization of a civilian nature tasked with the research, design, and operation of ADR/OOS missions. Rather than limiting freedom of action, the organization would offer, in principle, a positive means of peaceful collaboration while reducing the need for unilateral ADR/OOS operations. The advantages of this approach are manifold. Through extensive multilateral cooperation many of the legal hurdles surrounding space debris and ADR (e.g. definition, liability, jurisdiction and control) could be surmounted. Moreover, a co-governed, depoliticized, multilateral organization to implement ADR operations, open to all willing and peaceful participants, would promote far-reaching transparency and act as an institutionalized Transparency and Confidence-Building Measure (TCBM). Tensions and misunderstandings could be reduced and the threat of escalation neutralized, while collective experience, institutional learning, and goodwill would be put towards more effective, future international legal instruments on space debris and ADR with global support.