Download or read book A Mutation Selection Model with Recombination for General Genotypes written by Steven Neil Evans and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors investigate a continuous time, probability measure-valued dynamical system that describes the process of mutation-selection balance in a context where the population is infinite, there may be infinitely many loci, and there are weak assumptions on selective costs. Their model arises when they incorporate very general recombination mechanisms into an earlier model of mutation and selection presented by Steinsaltz, Evans and Wachter in 2005 and take the relative strength of mutation and selection to be sufficiently small. The resulting dynamical system is a flow of measures on the space of loci. Each such measure is the intensity measure of a Poisson random measure on the space of loci: the points of a realization of the random measure record the set of loci at which the genotype of a uniformly chosen individual differs from a reference wild type due to an accumulation of ancestral mutations. The authors' motivation for working in such a general setting is to provide a basis for understanding mutation-driven changes in age-specific demographic schedules that arise from the complex interaction of many genes, and hence to develop a framework for understanding the evolution of aging.
Download or read book Elements of Evolutionary Genetics written by Brian Charlesworth and published by Roberts. This book was released on 2010-02-03 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook shows readers how models of the genetic processes involved in evolution are made (including natural selection, migration, mutation, and genetic drift in finite populations), and how the models are used to interpret classical and molecular genetic data. The material is intended for advanced level undergraduate courses in genetics and evolutionary biology, graduate students in evolutionary biology and human genetics, and researchers in related fields who wish to learn evolutionary genetics. The topics covered include genetic variation, DNA sequence variability and its measurement, the different types of natural selection and their effects (e.g. the maintenance of variation, directional selection, and adaptation), the interactions between selection and mutation or migration, the description and analysis of variation at multiple sites in the genome, genetic drift, and the effects of spatial structure.
Download or read book The Evolution of Sex written by John Maynard Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1978-08-24 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of why organisms reproduce sexually is still a matter of controversy. In this account, Professor Maynard Smith considers the selective forces responsible for the origin and evolution of sexual reproduction and genetic recombination, using quantitative population genetics arguments to support his ideas. The relative importance of individual and group selection processes are also considered. the aim is to give a clear statement of the theoretical issues, and present enough of the evidence to show what kinds of facts are relevant. It is hoped that where crucial evidence is missing, experimentalists and field workers may be encouraged to collect the relevant data. The author does not claim to solve all the problems he raises, but this clear and well-argued account should provide stimulating reading for advanced undergraduate students and research workers in evolutionary theory.
Download or read book Evolutionary Genetics written by R. S. Singh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-28 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings out the central role of evolutionary genetics in all aspects of its connection to evolutionary biology.
Download or read book Rapidly Evolving Genes and Genetic Systems written by Rama S. Singh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of theories on the rates of evolution-from static to gradual to punctuated to quantum-have been developed, mostly by comparing morphological changes over geological timescales as described in the fossil record.
Download or read book Statistical Population Genomics written by Julien Y Dutheil and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures. Last but not least, it offers an overview of the current knowledge acquired by applying such methods to a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, pointers to the relevant literature, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Statistical Population Genomics aims to promote and ensure successful applications of population genomic methods to an increasing number of model systems and biological questions. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
Download or read book Gradient Flows written by Luigi Ambrosio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to a theory of gradient ?ows in spaces which are not nec- sarily endowed with a natural linear or di?erentiable structure. It is made of two parts, the ?rst one concerning gradient ?ows in metric spaces and the second one 2 1 devoted to gradient ?ows in the L -Wasserstein space of probability measures on p a separable Hilbert space X (we consider the L -Wasserstein distance, p? (1,?), as well). The two parts have some connections, due to the fact that the Wasserstein space of probability measures provides an important model to which the “metric” theory applies, but the book is conceived in such a way that the two parts can be read independently, the ?rst one by the reader more interested to Non-Smooth Analysis and Analysis in Metric Spaces, and the second one by the reader more oriented to theapplications in Partial Di?erential Equations, Measure Theory and Probability.
Download or read book Crumbling Genome written by Alexey S. Kondrashov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thought-provoking exploration of deleterious mutations in the human genome and their effects on human health and wellbeing Despite all of the elaborate mechanisms that a cell employs to handle its DNA with the utmost care, a newborn human carries about 100 new mutations, originated in their parents, about 10 of which are deleterious. A mutation replacing just one of the more than three billion nucleotides in the human genome may lead to synthesis of a dysfunctional protein, and this can be inconsistent with life or cause a tragic disease. Several percent of even young people suffer from diseases that are caused, exclusively or primarily, by pre ]existing and new mutations in their genomes, including both a wide variety of genetically simple Mendelian diseases and diverse complex diseases such as birth anomalies, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Milder, but still substantial, negative effects of mutations are even more pervasive. As of now, we possess no means of reducing the rate at which mutations appear spontaneously. However, the recent flood of genomic data made possible by next-generation methods of DNA sequencing, enabled scientists to explore the impacts of deleterious mutations on humans with previously unattainable precision and begin to develop approaches to managing them. Written by a leading researcher in the field of evolutionary genetics, Crumbling Genome reviews the current state of knowledge about deleterious mutations and their effects on humans for those in the biological sciences and medicine, as well as for readers with only a general scientific literacy and an interest in human genetics. Provides an extensive introduction to the fundamentals of evolutionary genetics with an emphasis on mutation and selection Discusses the effects of pre-existing and new mutations on human genotypes and phenotypes Provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge in the field and considers crucial unsolved problems Explores key ethical, scientific, and social issues likely to become relevant in the near future as the modification of human germline genotypes becomes technically feasible Crumbling Genome is must-reading for students and professionals in human genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, evolutionary biology, and biological anthropology. It is certain to have great appeal among all those with an interest in the links between genetics and evolution and how they are likely to influence the future of human health, medicine, and society.
Download or read book Spectra of Symmetrized Shuffling Operators written by Victor Reiner and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a finite real reflection group W and a W -orbit O of flats in its reflection arrangement - or equivalently a conjugacy class of its parabolic subgroups - the authors introduce a statistic noninv O (w) on w in W that counts the number of O -noninversions of w . This generalises the classical (non-)inversion statistic for permutations w in the symmetric group S n. The authors then study the operator ? O of right-multiplication within the group algebra CW by the element that has noninv O (w) as its coefficient on w.
Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
Download or read book The Sine Gordon Equation in the Semiclassical Limit Dynamics of Fluxon Condensates written by Robert J. Buckingham and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors study the Cauchy problem for the sine-Gordon equation in the semiclassical limit with pure-impulse initial data of sufficient strength to generate both high-frequency rotational motion near the peak of the impulse profile and also high-frequency librational motion in the tails. They show that for small times independent of the semiclassical scaling parameter, both types of motion are accurately described by explicit formulae involving elliptic functions. These formulae demonstrate consistency with predictions of Whitham's formal modulation theory in both the hyperbolic (modulationally stable) and elliptic (modulationally unstable) cases.
Download or read book On the Steady Motion of a Coupled System Solid Liquid written by Josef Bemelmans and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the unconstrained (free) motion of an elastic solid B in a Navier-Stokes liquid L occupying the whole space outside B, under the assumption that a constant body force b is acting on B. More specifically, we are interested in the steady motion of the coupled system {B,L}, which means that there exists a frame with respect to which the relevant governing equations possess a time-independent solution. We prove the existence of such a frame, provided some smallness restrictions are imposed on the physical parameters, and the reference configuration of B satisfies suitable geometric properties.
Download or read book Gromov Cauchy and Causal Boundaries for Riemannian Finslerian and Lorentzian Manifolds written by Jose Luis Flores and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, the old notion of causal boundary for a spacetime V has been redefined consistently. The computation of this boundary ∂V on any standard conformally stationary spacetime V=R×M, suggests a natural compactification MB associated to any Riemannian metric on M or, more generally, to any Finslerian one. The corresponding boundary ∂BM is constructed in terms of Busemann-type functions. Roughly, ∂BM represents the set of all the directions in M including both, asymptotic and "finite" (or "incomplete") directions. This Busemann boundary ∂BM is related to two classical boundaries: the Cauchy boundary ∂CM and the Gromov boundary ∂GM. The authors' aims are: (1) to study the subtleties of both, the Cauchy boundary for any generalized (possibly non-symmetric) distance and the Gromov compactification for any (possibly incomplete) Finsler manifold, (2) to introduce the new Busemann compactification MB, relating it with the previous two completions, and (3) to give a full description of the causal boundary ∂V of any standard conformally stationary spacetime. J. L. Flores and J. Herrera, University of Malaga, Spain, and M. Sánchez, University of Granada, Spain. Publisher's note.
Download or read book On the Regularity of the Composition of Diffeomorphisms written by H. Inci and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For M a closed manifold or the Euclidean space Rn we present a detailed proof of regularity properties of the composition of Hs-regular diffeomorphisms of M for s > 12dimM+1.
Download or read book On Central Critical Values of the Degree Four L Functions for GSp 4 The Fundamental Lemma III written by Masaaki Furusawa and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some time ago, the first and third authors proposed two relative trace formulas to prove generalizations of Böcherer's conjecture on the central critical values of the degree four -functions for , and proved the relevant fundamental lemmas. Recently, the first and second authors proposed an alternative third relative trace formula to approach the same problem and proved the relevant fundamental lemma. In this paper the authors extend the latter fundamental lemma and the first of the former fundamental lemmas to the full Hecke algebra. The fundamental lemma is an equality of two local relative orbital integrals. In order to show that they are equal, the authors compute them explicitly for certain bases of the Hecke algebra and deduce the matching.
