Download or read book A Grammar of Huallaga Hu nuco Quechua written by David Weber and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive, nonformal description of a Quechua language of central Peru, incorporating both structural and functional insights. Topics include: the demographic situation, an introduction to the syntax, word and suffix classes, morphology, case relations, passives, substantive phrases, relative clauses, complements, adverbial clauses, reduplication, question formation, negation, conjunction, evidential suffixes, the topic marker, idioms and formulaic expressions, phonology, and loan processes.
Download or read book A Grammar of Huallaga Huanuco Quechua written by David Weber and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Grammar of Huallaga Huanuco Quech a written by David John Weber and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Linguistics Today Facing a Greater Challenge written by Piet van Sterkenburg and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2004-10-13 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every five years the Permanent International Committee of Linguists (CIPL) organises a world congress for linguists. And every five years the Committee faces the challenge of presenting a programme at the highest possible level. The CIPL Executive Committee decided for the Congress planned for 2003 in Prague to focus on four major topics which play an important role in today’s linguistic debate: 1. Typology, 2. Endangered Languages, 3. Methodology and Linguistics (including fieldwork) and 4. Language and the mind. Leading experts have introduced the four themes in their plenary lectures in the course of the congress, which served as a basis for the articles presented in the current volume. This book should be a welcome tool for all linguists wishing to find their way quickly in current developments. A CD-Rom containing the full proceedings of the Prague Congress is included.
Download or read book Complementation written by R.M.W. Dixon and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2006-06-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complement clause is used instead of a noun phrase; for example one can say either I heard [the result] or I heard [that England beat France]. Languages differ in the grammatical properties of complement clauses, and the types of verbs which take them. Some languages lack a complement clause construction but instead employ other construction types to achieve similar ends; these are called complementation strategies. The book explores the variety of types of complementation foundacross the languages of the world, their grammatical properties and meanings. Detailed studies of particular languages, including Akkadian, Israeli, Jarawara, and Pennsylvania German, are framed by R. M. W. Dixon's introduction, which sets out the range of issues, and his conclusion, which drawstogether the evidence and the arguments. This book will interest scholars of typology, language universals, syntax, information structure, and language contact in departments of linguistics and anthropology, as well as advanced and graduate students taking courses in these subjects.
Download or read book Evidentiality written by Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna Aĭkhenvalʹd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In some languages every statement must contain a specification of the type of evidence on which it is based: for example, whether the speaker saw it, or heard it, or inferred it from indirect evidence, or learnt it from someone else. This grammatical reference to information source is called 'evidentiality', and is one of the least described grammatical categories. Evidentiality systems differ in how complex they are: some distinguish just two terms (eyewitness and noneyewitness, or reported and everything else), while others have six or even more terms. Evidentiality is a category in its own right, and not a subcategory of epistemic or some other modality, nor of tense-aspect. Every language has some way of referring to the source of information, but not every language has grammatical evidentiality. In English expressions such as I guess, they say, I hear that, the alleged are not obligatory and do not constitute a grammatical system. Similar expressions in other languages may provide historical sources for evidentials. True evidentials, by contrast, form a grammatical system. In the North Arawak language Tariana an expression such as "the dog bit the man" must be augmented by a grammatical suffix indicating whether the event was seen, or heard, or assumed, or reported. This book provides the first exhaustive cross-linguistic typological study of how languages deal with the marking of information source. Examples are drawn from over 500 languages from all over the world, several of them based on the author's original fieldwork. Professor Aikhenvald also considers the role evidentiality plays in human cognition, and the ways in which evidentiality influences human perception of the world.. This is an important book on an intriguing subject. It will interest anthropologists, cognitive psychologists and philosophers, as well as linguists.
Download or read book Applicative Constructions written by David A. Peterson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first systematic typological analysis of applicatives across African, American Indian, and East Asian languages. It is also the first to address their functions in discourse, the derivation of their semantic and syntactic properties, and how and why they have changed over time. Applicative constructions are typically described as transitivizing because they allow an intransitive base verb to have a direct object. The term originates from the seventeenth-century missionary grammars of Uto-Aztecan languages. Constructions designated as prepositional, benefactive, and instrumental may refer to the same or similar phenomena. Applicative constructions have been deployed in the development of a range of syntactic theories which have then often been used to explain their functions, usually within the context of Bantu languages. Dr Peterson provides a wealth of cross-linguistic information on discourse-functional, diachronic, and typological aspects of applicative constructions. He documents their unexpected synchronic variety and the diversity of diachronic sources about them. He argues that many standard assumptions about applicatives are unfounded, and provides a clear guide for future language-specific and cross-linguistic research and analysis.
Download or read book The polyfunctionality of still expressions written by Bastian Persohn and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expressions from the semasiological domain of phasal polarity (ʻstillʼ, ʻalreadyʼ, etc.) tend to be highly polyfunctional, with their various uses often extending into a wide range of other linguistic domains, both time-related and non-temporal. Yet these patterns have hitherto been investigated mostly for individual languages or smaller groups. This volume presents the first ever larger-scale survey of the numerous functions of expressions whose meanings include the notion of ʻstill’, making use of a global sample of 76 varieties from 45 distinct phyla. It is aimed at semanticists, typologists and descriptive grammarians alike.
Download or read book Wintu Texts written by Alice Shepherd and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese written by Xiao-nan Susan Shen and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through acoustic analysis of Mandarin Chinese intonation, the author finds that the intonation baseline moves up when intonation is shifted from assertive to interrogative; therefore, two baselines and two intonation layers must be reckoned with. Sentence intonation affects the tonal values and the tonal shapes of intrinsic lexical tones, though not beyond recognition. Tonal changes prove to be closely related to sentence intonation, which is superimposed simultaneously onto the utterance as a whole. The author's findings support the position of the movability of the intonation baseline and rectify some widely spread traditional claims concerning Mandarin Chinese prosody.
Download or read book Ordered Chaos written by Mary Ellen Ryder and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents a model for novel compound interpretation using Cognitive Grammar and schema theory. The model, based on analysis of established compounds and responses to novel compounds, claims that speakers try using real-world schemas attached to both element nouns to construct a relationship between them by matching already established patterns. When this is impossible, speakers often "metaphorize" the head noun.
Download or read book Ergativity in Coast Tsimshian Sm algya x written by Jean Gail Mulder and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 00 This work examines the morphological and syntactic dimensions of ergativity (i.e., an intransitive subject is treated in the same manner as a transitive object and differently from the transitive subject) in Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax). This language is very highly morphologically ergative and the distribution of ergativity is conditioned by several different factors that are related through their coding of transitivity. Syntactically, the language is not highly ergative, but none of the cross-linguistic definitions of subject can account for the ergativity that does exist. This work examines the morphological and syntactic dimensions of ergativity (i.e., an intransitive subject is treated in the same manner as a transitive object and differently from the transitive subject) in Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax). This language is very highly morphologically ergative and the distribution of ergativity is conditioned by several different factors that are related through their coding of transitivity. Syntactically, the language is not highly ergative, but none of the cross-linguistic definitions of subject can account for the ergativity that does exist.
Download or read book Cocopa Dictionary written by James Mack Crawford and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crossing Aspectual Frontiers written by Daniel J. Hintz and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-06-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Aspect is widely present in most Quechuan languages, but it has been summarily treated or even overlooked in most of the existing descriptive grammars. This book changes that situation completely. It contains detailed discussions of the semantics and the use of aspect in its relation to tense, modality, evidentiality, etc., and opens up a wealth of unexpected data. ...The historical chapters are a most welcome addition to the grammatical analysis because they are highly relevant for our understanding of the development of aspect in other Quechuan languages and in the Quechuan family as a whole." - Willem Adelaar, Leiden University "This book addresses what is perhaps the most challenging area in the study of Quechuan languages: the scores of suffixes that occur between the verb root and person-marking inflection. It not only sheds light on one of these languages, South Conchucos Quechua, but it shows us new ways to investigate such complexities. This book will stand as a landmark in the study of Quechua." - David Weber, SIL International
Download or read book Relativization and Nominalized Clauses in Huallaga Huanuco Quechua written by David Weber and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Challenges to Linearization written by Theresa Biberauer and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten contributions in this volume focus on a range of linearization challenges, all of which aim to shed new light on the central, still largely mysterious question of how the abundant evidence that linguistic structures are hierarchically organised can plausibly be reconciled with the fact that actually realised linguistic strings are typically sequentially ordered. Some of the contributions present particularly challenging data, those on the mixed spoken and signed output of bimodal Italian children, Quechua nominal morphology, Kannada reduplication and Taqbaylit of Chemini “floating prepositions” all being cases in point. Others have a typological focus, highlighting and attempting to explain striking patterns like the Final-over-Final Constraint or considering the predictions of particular theoretical approacesh (the movement theory of Control, multidominance, Distributed Morphology) in relation to structures that we do and don’t expect to be “possible linguistic structures”. Broader architectural questions also receive attention from various perspectives. This volume will be of interest to advanced students and researchers with interests in the externalisation of ling
Download or read book Ideophones written by Erhard Friedrich Karl Voeltz and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume represents a selection of papers presented at the International Symposium on Ideophones held in January 1999 in St. Augustin, Germany. They center around the following hypotheses: Ideophones are universal; and constitute a grammatical category in all languages of the world; ideophones and similar words have a special dramaturgic function that differs from all other word classes: they simulate an event, an emotion, a perception through language. In addition to this unique function, a good number of formal parallels can be observed. The languages dealt with here display strikingly similar patterns of derivational processes involving ideophones. An equally widespread common feature is the introduction of ideophones via a verbum dicendi or complementizer. Another observation concerns the sound-symbolic behavior of ideophones. Thus the word formation of ideophones differs from other words in their tendency for iconicity and sound-symbolism. Finally it is made clear that ideophones are part of spoken language the language register, where gestures are used rather than written language.
