Download or read book A Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer MEMS Pressure Sensor Array for Fish like Underwater Sensing written by Ajay G.P. Kottapalli and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to perform underwater surveillance, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) require flexible, light-weight, reliable and robust sensing systems that are capable of flow sensing and detecting underwater objects. Underwater animals like fish perform a similar task using an efficient and ubiquitous sensory system called a lateral-line constituting of an array of pressure-gradient sensors. We demonstrate here the development of arrays of polymer microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensors which are flexible and can be readily mounted on curved surfaces of AUV bodies. An array of ten sensors with a footprint of 60 (L) mm x 25 (W) mm x 0.4 (H) mm is fabricated using liquid crystal polymer (LCP) as the sensing membrane material. The flow sensing and object detection capabilities of the array are illustrated with proof-of-concept experiments conducted in a water tunneL The sensors demonstrate a pressure sensitivity of 14.3 1-L V Pa-1. A high resolution of 25 mm s-1 is achieved in water flow sensing. The sensors can passively sense underwater objects by transducing the pressure variations generated underwater by the movement of objects. The experimental results demonstrate the array's ability to detect the velocity of underwater objects towed past by with high accuracy, and an average error of only 2.5%.

Download or read book Development and Testing of Bio inspired MEMS Pressure Sensor Arrays for Increased Situational Awareness by Marine Vehicles written by Jeff Ernest Dusek and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lateral line found on most species of fish is a sensory organ without analog in humans. Using sensory feedback from the lateral line, fish are able to track prey, school, avoid obstacles, and detect vortical flow structures. Composed of both a superficial component, and a component contained within canals beneath the fish's skin, the lateral line acts in a similar fashion to an array of differential pressure sensors. In an effort to enhance the situational and environmental awareness of marine vehicles, lateral-line-inspired pressure sensor arrays were developed to mimic the enhanced sensory capabilities observed in fish. Three flexible and waterproof pressure sensor arrays were fabricated for use as a surface-mounted 'smart skin' on marine vehicles. Two of the sensor arrays were based around the use of commercially available piezoresistive sensor dies, with innovative packaging schemes to allow for flexibility and underwater operation. The sensor arrays employed liquid crystal polymer and flexible printed circuit board substrates with metallic circuits and silicone encapsulation. The third sensor array employed a novel nanocomposite material set that allowed for the fabrication of a completely flexible sensor array. All three sensors were surface mounted on the curved hull of an autonomous kayak vehicle, and tested in both pool and reservoir environments. Results demonstrated that all three sensors were operational while deployed on the autonomous vehicle, and provided an accurate means for monitoring the vehicle dynamics.

Download or read book Flexible and Surface mountable Piezoelectric Sensor Arrays for Underwater Sensing in Marine Vehicles written by Moshen Asadnia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort to improve the situational awareness and obstacle avoidance of marine vehicles, we fabricate, package and characterize Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin-film piezoelectric pressure sensor arrays for passive fish-like underwater sensing. We use floating bottom electrode in designing the sensor which made the sensor able to detect very low frequency range (down to 0.1 Hz) in water. The proposed array of sensors is capable of locating underwater objects by transducing the pressure variations generated by the stimulus. The sensors are packaged into an array of 2 x 5 on a flexible liquid crystal polymer substrate patterned with gold interconnects. Experiments in this paper are divided into three main categories. First, in order to evaluate the effect of water on the sensor performance, resonant frequency, and quality factor changes in air and water are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Second, the ability of the array in locating a vibrating sphere (dipole) in water is illustrated through experiments. The sensors demonstrate a high resolution of 3 mms-1 in detecting oscillatory flow velocity in water. Third, "real-time" experiments are conducted in a swimming pool environment by surface mounting two arrays of sensors on the curved hull of a kayak vehicle. The arrays are self-powered and do not need any external power supply, to operate, which greatly benefits in eliminating the need of bulky power supplies on underwater vehicles. Type: Journal, book, proceeding reprints.

Download or read book A Diaphragm based Pressure Sensor Packaged Using Liquid Crystal Polymer and Silicone Oil for Underwater Applications written by C. W. Tan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable hermetic packaging of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor arrays for underwater applications presents a formidable challenge, which is further compounded by the unforgiving harsh sea environments, during the design, fabrication and characterization stages of the sensor arrays. As such, a flexible underwater diaphragm-based pressure sensor array packaging scheme is proposed that is based on the liquid crystal polymer (LCP) material and silicone oil. In this packaging scheme, the LCP material is used as an external sensing diaphragm to detect the fluid pressure variations and a packaging structure to enclose the silicone oil, which serves as a medium for energy transmission, within the cavity of the sensor structure. The material properties and processing capabilities of the LCP material are briefly described and where applicable, processing data and experimental results are provided. The fabrication sequence of the packagted sensor is also briefly detailed.

Download or read book Biomimetic Microsensors Inspired by Marine Life written by Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book narrates the development of various biomimetic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors, such as pressure, flow, acceleration, chemical, and tactile sensors, that are inspired by sensing phenomena that exist in marine life. The research described in this book is multi-faceted and combines the expertise and understanding from diverse fields, including biomimetics, microfabrication, sensor engineering, MEMS design, nanotechnology, and material science. A series of chapters examine the design and fabrication of MEMS sensors that function on piezoresistive, piezoelectric, strain gauge, and chemical sensing principles. By translating nature-based engineering solutions to artificial man-made technology, we can find innovative solutions to critical problems.

Download or read book Self Powered and Soft Polymer MEMS NEMS Devices written by Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the fabrication of soft material and biomimetic MEMS sensors, presents a review of MEMS/NEMS energy harvesters and self-powered sensors, and focuses on the recent efforts in developing flexible and wearable piezoelectric nanogenerators. It also includes a critical analysis of various energy harvesting principles, such as electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrostatic, triboelectric, and magnetostrictive. This multidisciplinary book is appropriate for students and professionals in the fields of material science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and bioengineering.

Download or read book Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality written by Libu Manjakkal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-08-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality A comprehensive guide to the development and application of smart sensing technologies for water quality monitoring With contributions from a panel of experts on the topic, Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality offers an authoritative resource that explores a complete set of sensing technologies designed to monitor, in real-time, water quality including agriculture. The contributing authors explore the fundamentals of sensing technologies and review the most recent advances of various materials and sensors for water quality??monitoring. This comprehensive resource includes information on a range of designs of smart electronics, communication systems, packaging, and innovative implementation approaches used for remote monitoring of water quality in various atmospheres. The book explores a variety of techniques for online water quality monitoring including internet of Things (IoT), communication systems, and advanced sensor deployment methods. This important book: Puts the spotlight on the potential capabilities and the limitations of various sensing technologies and wireless systems Offers an evaluation of a variety of sensing materials, substrates, and designs of sensors Describes sensor implementation in agriculture and extreme environments Includes information on the common characteristics, ideas, and approaches of water quality and quantity management Written for students and practitioners/researchers in water quality management, Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality offers, in one volume, a guide to the real time sensing techniques that can improve water quality and its management.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Recent Developments in Intelligent Communication Application written by Bhattacharyya, Siddhartha and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The communication field is evolving rapidly in order to keep up with society’s demands. As such, it becomes imperative to research and report recent advancements in computational intelligence as it applies to communication networks. The Handbook of Research on Recent Developments in Intelligent Communication Application is a pivotal reference source for the latest developments on emerging data communication applications. Featuring extensive coverage across a range of relevant perspectives and topics, such as satellite communication, cognitive radio networks, and wireless sensor networks, this book is ideally designed for engineers, professionals, practitioners, upper-level students, and academics seeking current information on emerging communication networking trends.

Download or read book Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements written by Robert B. Northrop and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weighing in on the growth of innovative technologies, the adoption of new standards, and the lack of educational development as it relates to current and emerging applications, the third edition of Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements uses the authors’ 40 years of teaching experience to expound on the theory, science, and art of modern instrumentation and measurements (I&M). What’s New in This Edition: This edition includes material on modern integrated circuit (IC) and photonic sensors, micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) and nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) sensors, chemical and radiation sensors, signal conditioning, noise, data interfaces, and basic digital signal processing (DSP), and upgrades every chapter with the latest advancements. It contains new material on the designs of micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) sensors, adds two new chapters on wireless instrumentation and microsensors, and incorporates extensive biomedical examples and problems. Containing 13 chapters, this third edition: Describes sensor dynamics, signal conditioning, and data display and storage Focuses on means of conditioning the analog outputs of various sensors Considers noise and coherent interference in measurements in depth Covers the traditional topics of DC null methods of measurement and AC null measurements Examines Wheatstone and Kelvin bridges and potentiometers Explores the major AC bridges used to measure inductance, Q, capacitance, and D Presents a survey of sensor mechanisms Includes a description and analysis of sensors based on the giant magnetoresistive effect (GMR) and the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) effect Provides a detailed analysis of mechanical gyroscopes, clinometers, and accelerometers Contains the classic means of measuring electrical quantities Examines digital interfaces in measurement systems Defines digital signal conditioning in instrumentation Addresses solid-state chemical microsensors and wireless instrumentation Introduces mechanical microsensors (MEMS and NEMS) Details examples of the design of measurement systems Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements is written with practicing engineers and scientists in mind, and is intended to be used in a classroom course or as a reference. It is assumed that the reader has taken core EE curriculum courses or their equivalents.

Download or read book Intelligent Robotics and Applications written by YongAn Huang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three volume set LNAI 10462, LNAI 10463, and LNAI 10464 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications, ICIRA 2017, held in Wuhan, China, in August 2017. The 235 papers presented in the three volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 310 submissions. The papers in this first volume of the set are organized in topical sections on soft, micro-nano, bio-inspired robotics; human-machine interaction; swarm robotics; underwater robotics.

Download or read book Soft Polymer Membrane Micro sensor Arrays Inspired by the Mechanosensory Lateral Line on the Blind Cavefish written by Ajay G.P. Kottapalli and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article reports the development of flexible arrays of soft membrane microelectromechanical system pressure sensors that are inspired by the functional implications of the lateral line organ present in the blind cavefish. Being blind, this fish relies on the lateral line of pressure gradient sensors present on its body to sense the surrounding obstacles. A flexible, low-powered, lightweight, sensitive yet robust microelectromechanical system sensor array is fabricated using liquid crystal polymer material. Such arrays can guide an autonomous underwater vehicle to navigate in unsteady and dirtywater environments. The object detection abilities of the blind cave characin fish are investigated through proof-ofconcept experiments conducted on the live fish. Similarly, the abilities of the microelectromechanical system array in determining the velocity and distance of an underwater object are investigated by testing them in water tunnel. Experimental results demonstrate the array's ability to detect the velocity of moving underwater objects with a high accuracy and an average error of only 2.5%. Type: Journal, book, proceeding reprints.

Download or read book High Performance Technical Textiles written by Roshan Paul and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authentic resource for the fundamentals, applied techniques, applications and recent advancements of all the main areas of technical textiles Created to be a comprehensive reference, High Performance Technical Textiles includes the review of a wide range of technical textiles from household to space textiles. The contributors—noted experts in the field from all the continents—offer in-depth coverage on the fibre materials, manufacturing processes and techniques, applications, current developments, sustainability and future trends. The contributors include discussions on synthetic versus natural fibres, various textile manufacturing techniques, textile composites and finishing approaches that are involved in the manufacturing of textiles for a specific high performance application. Whilst the book provides the basic knowledge required for an understanding of technical textiles, it can serve as a springboard for inspiring new inventions in hi-tech fibres and textiles. This important book: Contains a unique approach that offers a comprehensive understanding of the manufacturing and applications of technical textiles Includes a general overview to the fundamentals, current techniques, end use applications as well as the most recent advancements Explores the current standards in the industry and the ongoing research in the field Offers a comprehensive and single source reference on the topic Written for academics, researchers and professionals working in textile and related industries, High Performance Technical Textiles offers a systematic, structured, logical and updated source of information for understanding technical textiles.

Download or read book Design and Fabrication of a Microelectromechanical Systems array Pressure Sensor System for Passive Underwater Navigation Inspired by the Lateral Line written by Stephen Ming-Chang Hou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An object within a fluid flow generates local pressure variations that are unique and characteristic to the object's shape and size. For example, a three-dimensional object or a wall-like obstacle obstructs flow and creates sharp pressure gradients nearby. Similarly, unsteady flow contains vortical patterns with associated unique pressure signatures. Detection of obstacles, as well as identification of unsteady flow features, is required for autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) navigation. An array of passive underwater pressure sensors, with their ability to An object within a fluid flow generates local pressure variations that are unique and characteristic to the object's shape and size. For example, a three-dimensional object or a wall-like obstacle obstructs flow and creates sharp pressure gradients nearby. Similarly, unsteady flow contains vortical patterns with associated unique pressure signatures. Detection of obstacles, as well as identification of unsteady flow features, is required for autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) navigation. An array of passive underwater pressure sensors, with their ability to "touch at a distance" with minimal power consumption, would be able to resolve the pressure signatures of obstacles in the near field and the wake of objects in the intermediate field. As an additional benefit, with proper design, pressure sensors can also be used to sample acoustic signals as well. Fish already have a biological version of such a pressure sensor system, namely the lateral line organ, a spatially-distributed set of sensors over a fish's body that allows the fish to monitor its hydrodynamic environment, influenced by the external disturbances. Through its ability to resolve the pressure signature of objects, the fish obtains "hydrodynamic pictures". Inspired by the fish lateral line, this thesis describes the development of a high-density array of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensors built in KOH-etched silicon and HF-etched Pyrex wafers. A novel strain-gauge resistor design is discussed, and standard CMOS/MEMS fabrication techniques were used to build sensors based on the strain-gauge resistors and thin silicon diphragms. Measurements of the diaphragm deflection and strain-gauge resistance changes in response to changes in applied external pressure confirm that the devices can be reliably calibrated for use as pressure sensors to enable passive navigation by AUVs. A set of sensors with millimeter-scale spacing, 2.1 to 2.5 [mu]V/Pa sensitivity, sub-pascal pressure resolution, and -2000 Pa to 2000 Pa pressure range has been demonstrated. Finally, an integrated circuit for array processing and signal amplification and to be fabricated with the pressure sensors is proposed.

Download or read book Lateral line inspired MEMS array Pressure Sensing for Passive Underwater Navigation written by Vicente I. Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents work toward the development of a novel MEMS sensing technology for AUVs. The proposed lateral line-inspired sensor system is a high-density array of pressure sensors for measuring hydrodynamic disturbances. By measuring pressure variations on a vehicle surface, a dense pressure sensor array will allow the AUV to detect, classify, and locate nearby obstacles and optimize its motion in unsteady environments. This approach is very similar to the canal lateral line system found in all fish, which allow them to function in dark or clouded environments. In order to lay the groundwork for developing the MEMS sensor and interpreting the pressure distributions, the paper also presents experiments demonstrating the discrimination between cylindrical obstacles of round and square cross sections with an array of off-the-shelf pressure sensors. Test objects with 5.1 cm and 7.6 cm diameters passed stationary sensors at 0.5 m/s and 0.75 m/s and with 1.3 and 5.1 mm separation. Hand chosen features and features chosen through a Principal Component Analysis are used to discriminate between object shapes under a variety of conditions. A classification error rate of under 2% is achieved across all velocities, sizes, and separations. These results lead to requirements for the density, sensitivity, and frequency response of the MEMS sensors, which fall well in the MEMS domain. The pressure sensor array proposed here consists of hundreds of MEMS pressure sensors with diameters near 1 mm spaced a few millimeters apart fabricated on etched silicon and Pyrex wafers; a fabrication process for producing the array is described. A strain-gauge pressure sensor is analyzed and shown to satisfy specifications as required by the results from the afore-mentioned experiments. The sensing element is a strain gauge mounted on a flexible diaphragm, which is a thin (20 [mu]m) layer of silicon attached at the edges to a square silicon cavity 2000 [mu]m wide on a side. A source voltage of 10 V produces a sensor with a sensitivity on the order of 1[mu]V/Pa. Since the thermal noise voltage is near 0.7 [mu]V, the pressure resolution of the sensors is on the order of 1 Pa.

Download or read book Intelligent Robotics and Applications written by Haibin Yu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume set LNAI 11740 until LNAI 11745 constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications, ICIRA 2019, held in Shenyang, China, in August 2019. The total of 378 full and 25 short papers presented in these proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 522 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: collective and social robots; human biomechanics and human-centered robotics; robotics for cell manipulation and characterization; field robots; compliant mechanisms; robotic grasping and manipulation with incomplete information and strong disturbance; human-centered robotics; development of high-performance joint drive for robots; modular robots and other mechatronic systems; compliant manipulation learning and control for lightweight robot. Part II: power-assisted system and control; bio-inspired wall climbing robot; underwater acoustic and optical signal processing for environmental cognition; piezoelectric actuators and micro-nano manipulations; robot vision and scene understanding; visual and motional learning in robotics; signal processing and underwater bionic robots; soft locomotion robot; teleoperation robot; autonomous control of unmanned aircraft systems. Part III: marine bio-inspired robotics and soft robotics: materials, mechanisms, modelling, and control; robot intelligence technologies and system integration; continuum mechanisms and robots; unmanned underwater vehicles; intelligent robots for environment detection or fine manipulation; parallel robotics; human-robot collaboration; swarm intelligence and multi-robot cooperation; adaptive and learning control system; wearable and assistive devices and robots for healthcare; nonlinear systems and control. Part IV: swarm intelligence unmanned system; computational intelligence inspired robot navigation and SLAM; fuzzy modelling for automation, control, and robotics; development of ultra-thin-film, flexible sensors, and tactile sensation; robotic technology for deep space exploration; wearable sensing based limb motor function rehabilitation; pattern recognition and machine learning; navigation/localization. Part V: robot legged locomotion; advanced measurement and machine vision system; man-machine interactions; fault detection, testing and diagnosis; estimation and identification; mobile robots and intelligent autonomous systems; robotic vision, recognition and reconstruction; robot mechanism and design. Part VI: robot motion analysis and planning; robot design, development and control; medical robot; robot intelligence, learning and linguistics; motion control; computer integrated manufacturing; robot cooperation; virtual and augmented reality; education in mechatronics engineering; robotic drilling and sampling technology; automotive systems; mechatronics in energy systems; human-robot interaction.

Download or read book A Flexible Underwater Pressure Sensor Array for Artificial Lateral Line Applications written by Frank M. Yaul and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops a flexible elastomer-based underwater pressure sensor array. When mounted onto the hull of an aquatic vehicle, the array enables obstacle detection, identification and tracking, and can help the vehicle reduce its hydrodynamic drag by providing information about the surrounding ow. This thesis begins with the development of a carbon black-PDMS elastomer material set. Using the material set, a 4-point-probe resistive strain gauge is developed and combined with a pressure-concentrating PDMS diaphragm to create the MEMS-based pressure sensors. A one-dimensional array of 4 sensors is fabricated, and the dynamic response of the sensors is characterized and modelled. Based on the model, the operating conditions required for a linear sensor response are determined. This thesis ends with proof-of-concept underwater object and wave detection experiments demonstrating that the sensor can function as an artificial lateral line. The sensors exhibit a 1.38 . 10-3 fractional resistance change per 100 pascals, which yields a maximum pressure resolution of 1.5 pascals for a power consumption of 10 [mu]W per sensor, ignoring the power dissipated by the amplification circuitry and parasitic resistances. Each sensor is capable of transducing up to a 1 kPa pressure differential across its diaphragm, though the sensor may respond to signals of this amplitude at arbitrary underwater depth due to the use of a pressure equilibration scheme. The overall array has a 15 mm spatial resolution. An upper bound for the bandwidth of the diaphragms is calculated to be 940 Hz, ignoring viscous damping due to air, water, and the PDMS. Additionally, sensor operation while mounted to a hull with a 0.5 m radius of curvature is demonstrated.

Download or read book Development of a Porous Piezoresistive Material and Its Applications to Underwater Pressure Sensors and Tactile Sensors written by Mun Ee Woo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MEMS (Microelectromechanical System) pressure sensor arrays are gaining attention in the field of underwater navigation because they are seen as alternatives to current sonar and vision-based systems that fail to navigate unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) in dark, unsteady and cluttered environments. Other advantages of MEMS pressure sensor arrays include lower power consumption and that their passive nature makes them covert. The goal of this work focuses on the development of a flexible pressure sensor array for UUVs, where the sensor array is inspired by the ability of fish to form three-dimensional maps of their surroundings. Fish are able to decipher various pressure waves from their surroundings using the array of pressure sensors in their lateral line sensory organs that can detect minute pressure differences. Similarly, by measuring pressure variations using an engineered pressure-sensor array on the surface of an UUV, this project hopes to aid UUVs in the identification and location of obstacles for navigation. The active material of the pressure sensor array is a porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-carbon black composite made out of a sugar sacrificial scaffold that shows great promise for satisfying the proposed applications. The proposed device structure is flexible, easily fabricated, cost efficient and can be implemented on a large-area and curved UUV surface. Although hysteresis occurs during the electromechanical test, the piezoresistivity of this porous PDMS-carbon black composite is reversible and reproducible. Compared to its non-porous counterpart, this porous composite shows a six-times increase in piezoresistivity and a greatly reduced Young's Modulus. When tested underwater, this porous composite was able to differentiate water waves that had a frequency of 1 Hz and 2 Hz, which is promising for its underwater application. This porous composite was also extended to the application of tactile sensors using a different device architecture, which showed excellent response under mechanical testing.