Download or read book A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids written by John M. Colford and published by . This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of a Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids written by Joseph N. S. Eisenberg and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an approach to conducting ris
Download or read book A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids Phase 1 written by J. M. Colford Jr and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximum allowable levels for chemical contaminants in biosolids were developed for the Part 503 rule using risk-based methodologies. However, maximum allowable levels of microbiological contaminants in the Part 503 rule were based on specific treatment methodologies rather than risk levels, because it was determined at that time that risk assessment methodologies were not sufficiently developed. Given the current interest in the beneficial uses of biosolids and the projected rapid growth of biosolids reuse, there is increasing interest in the development of a microbial risk assessment methodology for regulatory and operational decision making. This document presents a methodology for assessing risks to human health from pathogens via exposure to biosolids. The methodology integrates two fundamental components: an exposure assessment component and a health risk component. The exposure assessment component is used to quantify pathogen levels in the environment and serves as input to the health effects component. The health effects component is used to quantify health risks using a model that explicitly accounts for properties unique to an infectious disease process, specifically secondary transmission and immunity. To demonstrate the applicability of these risk-based methods developed for biosolids exposure, numerical simulations were carried out for a case study example in which the route of exposure was direct consumption of biosolids-amended soil. The output from the case study yielded a decision tree that differentiates between conditions in which the risk from biosolids exposure is high and those conditions in which the relative risk from biosolids is low. This decision tree illustrates the interaction among the important factors in quantifying risk. For the case study example, those factors include biosolids treatment processes, the pathogen shedding rate of infectious individuals, secondary transmission and immunity. Further work in determining biosolids exposures is required before this methodology can be used in a comprehensive risk assessment. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Download or read book Evaluation of Microbial Risk Assessment Techniques and Applications written by J. A. Soller and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation reviewed and evaluated methodologies used for microbial risk assessment with respect to their applicability for reclaimed water applications. The investigation was comprised of five primary components: a comprehensive database of articles, reports and books describing microbial risk assessment methodologies was established and reviewed. Risk assessment techniques and models were identified for estimating the public health risk from exposure to microorganisms via reclaimed water applications. Two models were identified for further evaluation: a static (individual based) and a dynamic (population based). In the third component, the two models were evaluated to differentiate between the conditions under which models predict similar and substantially different estimations of risk. Through numerical simulation, exposure/pathogen combinations were identified when it may be appropriate to use the less complex, static model. Case study risk assessment scenarios demonstrated the model selection process for three realistic, yet hypothetical reclaimed water scenarios.The fourth component presents a constraint analysis for existing reuse regulations. The constraint analysis is carried out by documenting the existing reuse regulations. The constraint analysis is carried out by documenting the existing regs in three states for landscape irrigation and uses that comparison as a starting point to identify how microbial risk assessment may be useful within the context of existing and potential future water reuse regulations. The investigation concludes by identifying criteria for a computer interface that would allow regulatory and/or municipal agencies/utilities to take advantage of the analysis discussed in the report. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Download or read book Risk Assessment for Environmental Health written by Mark G. Robson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-03-22 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the field, this important book provides anintroduction to current risk assessment practices and proceduresand explores the intrinsic complexities, challenges, andcontroversies associated with analysis of environmental healthrisks. Environmental Health Risk Assessment for Public Healthoffers 27 substantial chapters on risk-related topics thatinclude: What Is Risk and Why Study Risk Assessment The Risk Assessment–Risk Management Paradigm Risk Assessment and Regulatory Decision-Making in EnvironmentalHealth Toxicological Basis of Risk Assessment The Application of PBPK Modeling to Risk Assessment Probabilistic Models to Characterize Aggregate and CumulativeRisk Molecular Basis of Risk Assessment Comparative Risk Assessment Occupational Risk Radiological Risk Assessment Microbial Risk Assessment Children’s Risk Assessment Life Cycle Risk Environmental Laws and Regulations Precautionary Principles Risk Communication
Download or read book Biosolids Applied to Land written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-01 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.
Download or read book Microbial Risk Assessment Modeling for Exposure to Land applied Class B Biosolids written by Jingjie Teng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advisor: Patrick L. Gurian.
Download or read book Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land applied Biosolids written by Clark D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3.4 million tons of biosolids, dry weight, are land-applied annually to farms, forests, rangelands, mine lands, and other land use types. Biosolids are defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the primarily organic solid product yielded by municipal wastewater treatment processes that can be beneficially recycled" as soil amendments. Concerns for potential human health effects from land-applied biosolids can be addressed through the conduct of a risk assessment. This book focuses on the systematic planning step (a "problem formulation" defining the major factors to be considered) for risk assessments of pathogens in land-applied biosolids. This book follows the common problem formulation steps of hazard identification, conceptual model development, and the development of an analysis plan. A review of pathogens in biosolids literature forms the basis of this book. The intended use of this book is to assist in the development of future risk assessments and to identify specific research needed to fill current data gaps.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Biosolids Applied to Land written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.
Download or read book Manual of Environmental Microbiology written by Christon J. Hurst and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2007-05-14 with total page 3023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most definitive manual of microbes in air, water, and soil and their impact on human health and welfare. • Incorporates a summary of the latest methodology used to study the activity and fate of microorganisms in various environments. • Synthesizes the latest information on the assessment of microbial presence and microbial activity in natural and artificial environments. • Features a section on biotransformation and biodegradation. • Serves as an indispensable reference for environmental microbiologists, microbial ecologists, and environmental engineers, as well as those interested in human diseases, water and wastewater treatment, and biotechnology.
Download or read book Risk Assessment for Water Infrastructure Safety and Security written by Anna Doro-on and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-17 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the seventeen critical infrastructures vital to the security of the United States, the water supply system remains largely unprotected from the threat of terrorism, including possible revenge by Al Qaeda over the killing of Osama Bin Laden. Recognizing and identifying prospective events of terrorism against the water infrastructure is critical to the protection of the nation, as the consequences triggered by a terrorist attack on the water supply would be devastating. Risk Assessment for Water Infrastructure: Safety and Security provides a unique quantitative risk assessment methodology for protection and security against terrorist contamination, vandalism, attacks against dams, and other threats to water supply systems. Focusing on the human safety, environmental, and economic consequences triggered by potential terrorist attacks and other threats, the book presents: The development of an integrated approach of risk assessment based upon the cumulative prospect theory The qualitative/quantitative processes and models for security and safe facility operations as required by EPA, DHS, and other governmental and regulatory agencies The application of an integrated model to the risk assessment of surface water, dams, wells, wastewater treatment facilities, reservoirs, and aqueducts of large urban regions The development of intelligence analysis incorporating risk assessment for terrorism prevention Finally, the book presents the legal and regulatory requirements and policy related to the protection and security of water infrastructure from terrorism and natural hazards to both human health and the environment. By analyzing potential terrorist risks against the water supply, strategic improvements in U.S. water infrastructure security may be achieved, including changes in policy, incorporation of intrusion detection technology, increased surveillance, and increased intelligence. More information can be found on the author's website.
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology written by Edward A. Laws and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Toxicology provides a detailed, comprehensive introduction to this key area of sustainability and public health research. The broad coverage includes sections on ecological risk assessment, monitoring, mechanisms, fate and transport, prevention, and correctives, as well as treatment of the health effects of solar radiation and toxicology in the ocean. The 23 state-of-the-art chapters provide a multi-disciplinary perspective on this vital area, which encompasses environmental science, biology, chemistry, and public health.
Download or read book Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land Applied Biosolids written by Clark D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3.4 million tons of biosolids, dry weight, are land-applied annually to farms, forests, rangelands, mine lands, and other land use types. Biosolids are defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the primarily organic solid product yielded by municipal wastewater treatment processes that can be beneficially recycled" as soil amendments. Concerns for potential human health effects from land-applied biosolids can be addressed through the conduct of a risk assessment. This book focuses on the systematic planning step (a "problem formulation" defining the major factors to be considered) for risk assessments of pathogens in land-applied biosolids. This book follows the common problem formulation steps of hazard identification, conceptual model development, and the development of an analysis plan. A review of pathogens in biosolids literature forms the basis of this book. The intended use of this book is to assist in the development of future risk assessments and to identify specific research needed to fill current data gaps.
Download or read book Disposal and Management of Solid Waste written by Eliot Epstein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal and Management of Solid Waste: Pathogens and Diseases takes a closer look at pathogens that are found in solid wastes and the diseases that they produce. While comparing the differences between developed and developing countries, this book provides an understanding of the risks and exposure of pathogens in solid wastes, addresses pathogens
Download or read book Biosolids Applied to Land written by Committee on Toxicants and Pathogens in Biosolids Applied to Land and published by . This book was released on 2002-09-30 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... this report ... searched for evidence on human health effects related to biosolids exposure and the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish its human-health-based chemical and pathogen standards for biosolids."--P. xi.
Download or read book Biological Networks written by Franois Kps and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a timely and comprehensive overview of biological networks at all organization levels in the spirit of the complex system approach. It discusses the transversal issues and fundamental principles as well as the overall structure, dynamics, and modeling of a wide array of biological networks at the molecular, cellular, and population levels. Anchored in both empirical data and a strong theoretical background, the book therefore lends valuable credence to the complex systems approach.
