Download or read book A Continuous Process for RO Concentrate Desupersaturation written by Jack Lei and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of inland brackish water can replenish dwindling water supplies in various regions around the world. However, successful implementation of RO technology requires high product water recovery (>85%) in order to minimize the volume of generated concentrate brine. Therefore, brine management is a critical aspect of inland water desalination. At high water recovery, dissolved mineral salts (e.g. CaSO4, CaCO3) may concentrate above their solubility limits and may crystallize, potentially blocking or damaging RO membrane surfaces, reduce water permeate flux, and shorten membrane life. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the propensity for mineral scaling in order to increase the potential for high product water recovery. Attaining high recovery for inland water desalination, while avoiding membrane mineral scaling, can be achieved via an intermediate concentrate demineralization (ICD) method that utilizes two-step chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation (CESP) process. In the CESP approach, primary RO concentrate is first treated via partial lime softening in which residual antiscalant in the PRO concentrate is scavenged by precipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The filtered lime treated PRO concentrate is then treated in a seeded gypsum (CaSO4[TM]2H2O) precipitation step whereby, gypsum crystal seeds promote rapid crystal growth. As a consequence, the treated PRO stream is desupersaturated with respect to gypsum and upon filtration step; a secondary RO desalting step is carried out to increase the overall product water recovery. Development of the ICD approach as a continuous process suitable for deployment in RO desalting is the focus of the present study. Accordingly, a novel system for continuous chemically enhanced seeded precipitation (CCESP) pilot was developed and constructed consisting of an alkaline chemical softening flocculation tank followed by a vertical static mixing bed reactor for seeded precipitation. The overall feasible feed slow rate for the pilot CCESP system was 0.026 - 0.25 gpm. Evaluation of the continuous ICD process performance was undertaken with a range of solutions that mimic PRO concentrate produced from desalination of San Joaquin Valley brackish water at a recovery of 63%. The major salts in the PRO concentrate feed to the CCESP included CaCl2 (30.7 mM), Na2SO4 (145.4 mM), MgSO4 (31.2 mM), NaHCO3 (11.4 mM), and NaCl (20.3 mM). Antiscalant (Flocon 260, 5 mg/L) was introduced to the PRO concentrate in order to assess the feasibility for residual antiscalant (typically present in PRO concentrate) removal so as to avoid retardation of the subsequent gypsum desupersaturation step. The CCESP system enabled continuous gypsum desupersaturation by purging spent gypsum seeds and recycling a portion of the seeds or introducing fresh seeds to the fluidized bed. Various gypsum seeds were tested, with a focus on industrial sources for gypsum (e.g. mining, drywall, food, agriculture) due to their availability and low cost. The purity of the gypsum seeds was found to be a key factor, where gypsum seeds with >98% purity were found to be most effective. Using the synthetic PRO concentrate, each of the two steps of the process were first evaluated individually to determine the optimal operating conditions and subsequently combined to evaluate the complete continuous operation. In the CCESP, lime softening occurs in a flocculation tank with recirculation, solids removal from the lime treated stream is via an inline centrifugal separator, and the gypsum seeded precipitation takes place in a fluidized bed. It was found that CCESP treatment of the PRO concentrate with 5.75 mM lime enabled up to 68% removal of the residual antiscalant. Subsequent gypsum seeded precipitation (initial seed loading of 240 g/L gypsum) reduced the PRO concentrate gypsum supersaturation index (SIg) level from 2.36 to nearly unity. The above level of gypsum desupersaturation was assessed to be sufficient for carrying out a secondary RO desalting that would enable increased recovery from 63% at the PRO step to an overall recovery of about 85% and possibly higher. The present study successfully developed a continuous ICD process and demonstrated its technical feasibility. The present results are encouraging and support the merit of evaluating the process under field conditions. Overall, it is expected that deployment of the CCESP process will enable high recovery desalting of challenging inland water of high mineral scaling propensity.

Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Handbook of Continuous Crystallization written by Nima Yazdanpanah and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous crystallization is an area of intense research, with particular respect to the pharmaceutical industry and fine chemicals. Improvements in continuous crystallization technologies offer chemical industries significant financial gains, through reduced expenditure and operational costs, and consistent product quality. Written by well-known leaders in the field, The Handbook of Continuous Crystallization presents fundamental and applied knowledge, with attention paid to application and scaling up, and the burgeoning area of process intensification. Beginning with concepts around crystallization techniques and control strategies, the reader will learn about experimental methods and computational tools. Case studies spanning fine and bulk chemicals, the pharmaceutical industry, and employing new mathematical tools, put theory into context.

Download or read book Water Recovery from Silica saturated RO Concentrate by the Concentrate Enhanced Reverse Osmosis Process CERRO written by Gautam Patwardhan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scaling and Particulate Fouling in Membrane Filtration Systems written by S.F. Boerlage and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable methods to predict membrane scaling and fouling are important tools in the control of these phenomena. This dissertation focuses on the development and application of methods to predict and prevent barium sulphate scaling and particulate fouling in membrane filtration systems.

Download or read book High Recovery Desalination of Brackish Water by Chemically enhanced Seeded Precipitation written by Brian Carey McCool and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various regions around the world are confronted with dwindling water supplies and thus the need for exploiting non-traditional inland brackish water resource, as well as reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater and agricultural drainage (AD) water. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalination is the primary technology for inland brackish water desalting. However, successful implementation of RO technology requires operation at high product water recovery (>85%) in order to minimize the volume of generated concentrate (i.e., brine). Brine management is a key factor governing the economics of inland water desalination. Therefore, brine volume reduction is critical to enabling various brine residual management options. At high water recovery, dissolved mineral salts (e.g., CaSO4, BaSO4, CaCO3) may become concentrated above their solubility limits and may crystallize in the bulk and onto the surface of the RO membranes. Mineral crystallization leads to membrane scaling and hence leads to flux decline, increased process costs, and shortening of membrane life. Therefore, the attainable desalination water recovery is limited by mineral scaling. Many inland brackish water sources contain high concentrations of sparingly soluble mineral salts. In certain areas, such as in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV), brackish water is near saturation with respect to calcium sulfate and barium sulfate. Based on the current work, single-stage RO desalination in SJV would generally be limited to ~50-70%. In order to desalt brackish water of high mineral scaling propensity at a high recovery level (>85%), the feasibility of intermediate concentrate demineralization (ICD) of primary RO (PRO) concentrate, as a means of enabling secondary RO (SRO) desalting, was investigated with a focus on brackish water having high concentrations of gypsum salt precursor ions (i.e., calcium and sulfate). Accordingly, a two-step chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation (CESP) ICD process was developed in which the PRO concentrate is treated prior to further SRO desalting. The first step is lime precipitation softening (PS) which serves to induce sufficient CaCO3 crystallization in order to remove residual antiscalant (AS), a PRO feed treatment additive (generally polymeric) used for scale control, that would otherwise inhibit precipitation (in the ICD) of the target mineral salt scalants. Subsequently, gypsum seeded precipitation (GSP) is carried out to reduce the level of calcium sulfate saturation. The CESP process was evaluated experimentally, in a batch crystallizer, using synthetic PRO concentrate and also PRO concentrate generated in the field, from AD water, using a spiral-wound RO pilot plant. The effect of residual AS (from the PRO stage) on retardation of mineral salt precipitation (in the ICD) was evaluated using both a generic (polyacrylic acid) and a commercial AS. Laboratory batch CESP studies were carried out in which the CESP process conditions were first optimized with respect to the required lime and gypsum seed doses. For raw brackish water that was about 98% saturated with respect to gypsum, PRO desalination at 52%-62% recovery yielded a brine stream 70-150% above saturation. CESP treatment, at lime doses of 0.25-0.35 mg/L and gypsum seeding of 4-5 g/L, enabled reduction of gypsum concentration to only 10-15% above its saturation. In general, the sequential processes of lime treatment for 10-20 minutes followed by ~1 hr of GSP were sufficient to achieve the above level of gypsum desupersaturation. GSP alone reduced gypsum saturation by only ~5%. PRO brine desupersaturation via CESP was feasible due to the effectiveness of AS removal (up to 90% for AS content of up to 10 mg/L in the PRO brine). Analysis of AS removal using a fundamental AS adsorption model, along with measurements of the size distribution of precipitating CaCO3 crystals, indicated that the area for AS adsorption provided by lime-induced nucleation of CaCO3 crystals is the key factor governing AS removal. In order to establish the feasibility of deploying CESP as a continuous process, a numerical model was developed for a fluidized bed reactor for the GSP stage. Model simulations indicated that the required level of calcium sulfate desupersaturation could be maintained by solids recycling leading to a steady-state particle size distribution. Process simulations and economic analysis were carried out for the integrated process of PRO, CESP and SRO (PRO-CESP-SRO) demonstrating the existence of an optimal recovery (with respect to product water treatment cost). For the evaluated SJV brackish AD water source, the optimal recovery was about 93%. Overall brackish water treatment cost, when considering the disposal cost of high salinity AD water, was lower for PRO-CESP-SRO relative to a similar process based on conventional PS or utilizing a single stage RO which would be of limited recovery (

Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth

Download or read book Combined Reverse Osmosis and Freeze Concentration of Bleach Plant Effluents written by Averill J. Wiley and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhanced Water Recovery from Membrane RO Concentrate written by Yoram Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reverse Osmosis written by Jane Kucera and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: REVERSE OSMOSIS Reverse osmosis (RO) is the world’s leading demineralization technology. It is used to provide clean water for potable and ultrapure uses as well as to treat wastewater for recycle or reuse. Regardless of the application or industry, the basics of RO are the same. This book provides the reader with in-depth knowledge about RO basics for any application. This third edition is completely updated, still covering the basics of RO but with new insights as to how to optimize performance. Sections of the book cover the history of RO, membrane and transport model development, pretreatment to minimize membrane deposition and damage, effective cleaning and troubleshooting methods, and data collection and analysis. A new section was added that provides detail about RO and water sustainability. Alternative membrane materials and high-recovery RO are some of the topics included in this new section. Topics are presented in clear and concise language with enough depth to enhance comprehension. The reader will walk away with a new understanding of the topics covered in the book, thereby enabling them to optimize their own RO systems. Engineers and consultants will be able to design or troubleshoot RO systems more effectively. This book is the complete and definitive guide to RO for all persons concerned with RO systems.

Download or read book Continuous Flow Seawater RO System for Recovery of Silica saturated RO Concentrate written by Anthony J. Tarquin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urolithiasis written by Valerie R. Walker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises the proceedings of the sixth in a series of International Symposia devoted to basic and clinical aspects of urolithiasis. Previous symposia have been held at intervals of four years in Leeds, Madrid, Davos, Williamsburg, and Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The sixth symposium was held in Vancouver, British Columbia and was attended by over 250 participants from 26 countries around the world. As may be seen from the contents of this volume, the meeting covered many aspects of urolithiasis including the underlying physiology, crystal formation and the effects of inhibitors and promoters on crystallization, endocrinology and abnormalities of urinary composition, analyses, geography and epidemiology, and medical and surgical treatment with a special emphasis on extracorporeal lithotripsy. Internationally-recognized authorities gave invited talks in each of these areas, and from the submitted abstracts 30 were selected for oral presentation and the remainder were presented in either general or theme poster sessions. The nine theme-poster sessions provided a particularly valuable and successful feature of the meeting, giving an opportunity for a group of researchers working in related areas to present their posters and also to give a brief oral summary which was followed by discussion with the audience. Each of these poster sessions was chaired by two experts in the field who have provided an overview of each theme-poster session for this volume.

Download or read book Water Soluble Polymers written by Zahid Amjad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a series of papers originally presented at the symposium on Water Soluble Polymers: Solution Properties and Applications, sponsored by the Division of Colloids and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. The symposium took place in Las Vegas City, Nevada on 9 to 11th September, 1997 at the 214th American Chemical Society National Meeting. Recognized experts in their - spective fields were invited to speak. There was a strong attendance from academia, g- ernment, and industrial research centers. The purpose of the symposium was to present and discuss recent developments in the solution properties of water soluble polymers and their applications in aqueous systems. Water soluble polymers find applications in a number of fields of which the following may be worth mentioning: cosmetics, detergent, oral care, industrial water treatment, g- thermal, wastewater treatment, water purification and reuse, pulp and paper production, sugar refining, and many more. Moreover, water soluble polymers play vital role in the oil industry, especially in enhanced oil recovery. Water soluble polymers are also used in ag- culture and controlled release pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, a fundamental kno- edge of solution properties of these polymers is essential for most industrial scientists. An understanding of the basic phenomena involved in the application of these polymers, such as adsorption and interaction with different substrates (i. e. , tooth enamel, hair, reverse - mosis membrane, heat exchanger surfaces, etc. ) is of vital importance in developing high performance formulations for achieving optimum efficiency of the system.

Download or read book Membrane assisted Crystallization Technology written by Enrico Drioli and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all the basic and applied aspects of crystallization processes based on membrane technology. Synthesis and processing of membrane materials are discussed and reviewed, while mass/heat transport and control are treated in view of the non-reversible thermodynamic principles and statistical thermodynamics. Engineering process design and crystalline materials products properties, and also the relation to other traditional crystallization formats, are analyzed. Advantages, limitations, and future developments are also included in the content, with special emphasis on new fields of applications like microfluidic configurations, controlled proteins (also membrane proteins) crystallization, organic semiconductors single crystals production, and optical materials.

Download or read book Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis written by Stewart Burn and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early applications of desalination were small-scale plants deploying a range of technologies. However with the technological developments in Reverse Osmosis, most new plants use this technology because it has a proven history of use and low energy and capital costs compared with other available desalination technologies. This has led to the recent trend for larger seawater desalination plants in an effort to further reduce costs, and 1000 MLD seawater desalination plants are projected by 2020. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis recognises that desalination by reverse osmosis has progressed significantly over the last decades and provides an up to date review of the state of the art for the reverse osmosis process. It covers issues that arise from desalination operations, environmental issues and ideas for research that will bring further improvements in this technology. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis provides a complete guide to best practice from pre-treatment through to project delivery. Editors: Stewart Burn, Visiting Scientist, CSIRO Manufacturing. Adjunct Professor, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University. Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University. Stephen Gray, Director, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University.

Download or read book Electromembrane Processes written by Luboš Novák and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a comprehensive view of all electromembrane processes, including electromembrane processes for energy conversion - a currently very significant problem. The necessary theory and basic information needed for understanding the technology are explained in Part I. Materials used for ion-selective membranes and seoaration processes are described in Part II, and the applications for synthesis and energy conversion in Part III.

Download or read book Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes abstracts of Kagaku kōgaku, v. 31-