Download or read book A Computational Methodology for Evaluation of the Structural Damage to a Car and Its Occupant Response for the New FMVSS 301R Regulation as Well as for Various Real world Rear end Collision Scenarios written by Vishal Jugge and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to requirements and continuous design improvement in automobile industries, it has become mandatory to keep passenger car and seating in automobile to safest at the time of a crash collisions. Although the rear-end collision stand third among all the different four collision types, the injuries on passenger after such collision are about one-third of all collisions. This indicates that improvement of passenger compartment crashworthiness features in rear collision is a mandatory goal for automobiles companies. In recent years, computer-aided engineering tool have become great success as the usage of such tools will not only significantly reduce the cost of performing real crash test, but also saves a lot of time. This thesis is mainly concentrated on the evaluation of structural damage to a small compact car in different possible rear end collision scenarios, then evaluation of responses and potential injuries of occupant with head restraint versus without head restraint. To achieve this, simulations are performed in the LS-DYNA with finite element (FE) models, rigid barrier as well as deformable barrier according to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 301R Fuel System Integrity regulations. Based on the acceleration obtained at the driver seat of target small vehicle, cabin environment which resembles driver seat is designed in MADYMO with five rigid bodies and with a FE model of the safety belt. A Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy model is placed in the seat, and the occupant responses are examined with input acceleration obtained from the earlier FE model rear end collision simulations. In addition to this rear collision configuration, rear offset collision, rear oblique collision and oblique offset collision are also modelled in software and examined. The results obtained from this study illustrate the difference in the structural damage and injury potential to the car occupant in rear-end collision between the new and old FMVSS 301 regulations, as well as different rear end collision scenarios.
Download or read book Automotive Rear end Crash Simulations According to Fmvss 310r for Evaluation of Structural Damage and Prediction of Occupant Potential Injuries Through Linear Regression written by Rithvik Vedantam and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry has been constantly working to improve the safety of the passengers in cars by researching and upgrading the various features already in use. Although the frequency of rear-end collisions stands third among all the other types, the injuries sustained by the occupants are about one third. This indicates the need for improvement in vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection during various rear-end collisions. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), which are issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), includes some regulations concerning rear impacts, but they essentially cover the vehicle structural responses rather than the potential injuries to the passenger. Therefore, research is needed directed toward enhancing passenger safety during car rear impacts. The objective of this research is to investigate the structural responses of the car itself and the potential injuries sustained by the passenger in the event of a rear-end collision. Correlation between the structural damage (in terms of interior intrusion, exterior intrusion, and seat acceleration), and the occupant responses (in terms of neck loads and neck moment) are examined using linear regression. LS-DYNA simulations were performed three different classes of cars, according to FMVSS 301R standards for fuel tank integrity in rear-impacts to achieve this. This is done first without the occupant and then with the occupant to compare the injuries sustained by the occupant and to predict the injuries just by examining the crash test structural response. Also, the crash test simulations are conducted on other similar cars to verify these predictions. The results of this study indicate that utilizing this methodology, the potential injuries to the occupants in car rear-impacts can be predicted for the car models for which seats may not be installed.
Download or read book Evaluation of Structural Damage of a Small Car Collision Under FMVSS Side Impact Regulations and Comparison of Injury Response when the Driver s Seat is Displaced Laterally Inward written by Raheel Baig Mirza and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety of the car occupant is given foremost importance by the consumers, federal regulatory agencies, and automobile manufacturers. Many techniques and new technologies are proposed every year and implemented for the enhancements of the safety and crashworthiness of the vehicles. More efforts are still needed to make the cars safer, which in turn reduces the risk of fatal injuries to the occupants. In this study, a typical compact-sized sedan model is analyzed for the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 214 Moving Deformable Barrier (MDB) and, Side Pole impact collisions, via numerical simulations. In particular, the effect of placement of the driver's seat laterally inward is investigated. A methodology is presented in this thesis to examine the structural damage experienced by the car when it is engaged in side collision with a rigid pole and the MDB barrier, and also to assess the injuries sustained by the driver in both scenarios. In order to delay the contact, a seat position is modified to provide during a side impact with an additional 18mm clearance between the seat and struck door. The National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC)'s Toyota Yaris finite element (FE) model have been utilized in this thesis to analyze the structural side impact responses of this compact sedan. The EuroSID-2re 50th percentile adult male side impact crash test dummy has been as the car occupant. The critical injury parameters of the dummy and the vehicle deformation are evaluated and compared. This study indicates that a small inward lateral displacement of the driver's seat towards the interior of the car can significantly reduce the potential injuries to the occupant. This is due to the fact that most of the energy of impact is absorbed by the vehicle side structure instead of the seat structure and the occupant.
Download or read book Vehicle Crash Mechanics written by Matthew Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-06-19 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governed by strict regulations and the intricate balance of complex interactions among variables, the application of mechanics to vehicle crashworthiness is not a simple task. It demands a solid understanding of the fundamentals, careful analysis, and practical knowledge of the tools and techniques of that analysis. Vehicle Crash Mechanics s
Download or read book Computational Modeling and Analysis of a Passenger Car Frontal Impact Per New FMVSS Offset Oblique and Small Overlap Tests written by Sagun Shrestha and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crash tests play a vital role in the design and development of new vehicles to ensure customer safety. The results obtained from the test programs such as the ones from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are useful for further development of vehicles pertaining to consumer safety. The new and latest oblique offset and small overlap crash tests represent more realistic configurations of the frontal car impact accidents compared to earlier version of standards. In this study, finite element (FE) models of a family sedan car impact surroundings are utilized to reconstruct the tests. The objective of this study is to utilize computational modeling and analysis techniques to assess the performance of a typical sedan car per new small overlap frontal crash test and oblique offset tests, and to compare the results with the original rigid barrier impact crash test in terms of physical intrusion of the vehicle body parts and examining the corresponding potential injuries to occupants. The validation of the models are performed to ensure model accuracy and to check for any abnormalities in the FE models. In this research, the vehicle-to-barrier and vice versa models are simulated using the LS-DYNA nonlinear code. The full frontal impact crash tests are simulated according to the NCAP protocol. The oblique offset and small offset frontal impact tests are then investigated as they represent real-world scenarios better. The data obtained from the intrusions on the vehicle's A- and B- pillars, firewall, toe pan, knee bolster and steering column are analyzed. The results from different scenarios obtained are then compared in terms of intrusion and acceleration inside the car and the analysis of intrusion and occupant injury. It is observed that the small offset crash test adds more challenge not only to the structure of the vehicle but also to the design of seat belts and airbags. This study indicates that the compliance with the offset oblique and small offset frontal impact tests provide the best occupant protection where the occupant sustains maximum G- force especially in terms of head impact protection to the car's A-pillar.
Download or read book Vehicle Accident Analysis and Reconstruction Methods written by Raymond M Brach and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for the experienced practitioner, this new book aims to help reconstruction specialists with problems they may encounter in everyday analysis. The authors demonstrate how to take the physics behind accidents out of the idealized world and into practical situations. Real-world examples are used to illustrate the methods, clarify important concepts, and provide practical applications to those working in the field. Thoroughly revised, this new edition builds on the original exploration of accident analysis, reconstruction, and vehicle design. Enhanced with new material and improved chapters on key topics, an expanded glossary of automotive terms, and a bibliography at the end of the book providing further reading suggestions make this an essential resource reference for engineers involved in litigation, forensic investigation, automotive safety, and crash reconstruction. Police officers, attorneys, and insurance professionals will also find the book to be a definitive resource in reconstructing accident scenes. New Topics: • Event data recorders (EDRs) • Frictional drag coefficients for sliding tires • Railroad grade-crossing collisions • New practical applications of mathematical methods Enhanced Features: • Expanded glossary of automotive terms • Bibliography with further reading suggestions • Improved chapters on tire forces, rollover accidents, crush energy, pedestrian collisions, vehicle dynamic simulation
Download or read book Preliminary Regulatory Impact Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motor Vehicle Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports for 1975- include activities under the National traffic and motor vehicle safety act of 1966 and the Motor vehicle information and cost savings act of 1972.
Download or read book ITF Research Reports Moving Freight with Better Trucks Improving Safety Productivity and Sustainability written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies potential improvements in terms of more effective safety and environmental regulation for trucks, backed by better systems of enforcement, and identifies opportunities for greater efficiency and higher productivity.
Download or read book Measuring Automated Vehicle Safety written by Laura Fraade-Blanar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a framework for measuring safety in automated vehicles (AVs): how to define safety for AVs, how to measure safety for AVs, and how to communicate what is learned or understood about AVs.
Download or read book Automotive Accident Reconstruction written by Donald E. Struble, Ph.D. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive Accident Reconstruction: Practices and Principles introduces techniques for gathering information and interpreting evidence, and presents computer-based tools for analyzing crashes. This book provides theory, information and data sources, techniques of investigation, an interpretation of physical evidence, and practical tips for beginners. It also works as an ongoing reference for experienced reconstructionists. The book emphasizes three things: the theoretical foundation, the presentation of data sources, and the computer programs and spread sheets used to apply both theory and collected data in the reconstruction of actual crashes. It discusses the specific requirements of reconstructing rollover crashes, offers background in structural mechanics, and describes how structural mechanics and impact mechanics are applied to automobiles that crash. The text explores the treatment of crush energy when vehicles collide with each other and with fixed objects. It delves into various classes of crashes, and simulation models. The framework of the book starts backward in time, beginning with the analysis of post-crash vehicle motions that occurred without driver control. Applies time-reverse methods, in a detailed and rigorous way, to vehicle run-out trajectories, utilizing the available physical evidence Walks the reader through a collection of digital crash test data from public sources, with detailed instructions on how to process and filter the information Shows the reader how to build spread sheets detailing calculations involving crush energy and vehicle post-crash trajectory characteristics Contains a comprehensive treatment of crush energy This text can also serve as a resource for industry professionals, particularly with regard to the underlying physics.
Download or read book A Numerical Side Impact Model to Investigate Thoracic Injury in Lateral Impact Scenarios written by Brett M. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there have been tremendous improvements in crash safety there has been an increasing trend in side impact fatalities, rising from 30% to 37% of total fatalities from 1975 to 2004 (NHTSA, 2004). Between 1979 and 2004, 63% of AIS[greq]4 injuries in side impact resulted from thoracic trauma (NHTSA, 2004). Lateral impact fatalities, although decreasing in absolute numbers, now comprise a larger percentage of total fatalities. Safety features are typically more effective in frontal collisions compared to side impact due to the reduced distance between the occupant and intruding vehicle in side impact collisions. Therefore, an increased understanding of the mechanisms governing side impact injury is necessary in order to improve occupant safety in side impact auto crash. This study builds on an advanced numerical human body model with focus on a detailed thoracic model, which has been validated using available post mortem human subject (PMHS) test data for pendulum and side sled impact tests (Forbes, 2005).
Download or read book Tires and Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2006 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Automotive Development Processes written by Julian Weber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global crisis the automotive industry has slipped into over the second half of 2008 has set a fierce spotlight not only on which cars are the right ones to bring to the market but also on how these cars are developed. Be it OEMs developing new models, suppliers integerating themselves deeper into the development processes of different OEMs, analysts estimating economical risks and opportunities of automotive investments, or even governments creating and evaluating scenarios for financial aid for suffering automotive companies: At the end of the day, it is absolutely indispensable to comprehensively understand the processes of auto- tive development – the core subject of this book. Let’s face it: More than a century after Carl Benz, Wilhelm Maybach and Gottlieb Daimler developed and produced their first motor vehicles, the overall concept of passenger cars has not changed much. Even though components have been considerably optimized since then, motor cars in the 21st century are still driven by combustion engines that transmit their propulsive power to the road s- face via gearboxes, transmission shafts and wheels, which together with spri- damper units allow driving stability and ride comfort. Vehicles are still navigated by means of a steering wheel that turns the front wheels, and the required control elements are still located on a dashboard in front of the driver who operates the car sitting in a seat.
Download or read book Automotive Mechatronics written by Konrad Reif and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the complexity of automotive vehicles increases this book presents operational and practical issues of automotive mechatronics. It is a comprehensive introduction to controlled automotive systems and provides detailed information of sensors for travel, angle, engine speed, vehicle speed, acceleration, pressure, temperature, flow, gas concentration etc. The measurement principles of the different sensor groups are explained and examples to show the measurement principles applied in different types.
Download or read book Accidental Injury written by Narayan Yoganandan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art look at the applied biomechanics of accidental injury and prevention. The editors, Drs. Narayan Yoganandan, Alan M. Nahum and John W. Melvin are recognized international leaders and researchers in injury biomechanics, prevention and trauma medicine. They have assembled renowned researchers as authors for 29 chapters to cover individual aspects of human injury assessment and prevention. This third edition is thoroughly revised and expanded with new chapters in different fields. Topics covered address automotive, aviation, military and other environments. Field data collection; injury coding/scaling; injury epidemiology; mechanisms of injury; human tolerance to injury; simulations using experimental, complex computational models (finite element modeling) and statistical processes; anthropomorphic test device design, development and validation for crashworthiness applications in topics cited above; and current regulations are covered. Risk functions and injury criteria for various body regions are included. Adult and pediatric populations are addressed. The exhaustive list of references in many areas along with the latest developments is valuable to all those involved or intend to pursue this important topic on human injury biomechanics and prevention. The expanded edition will interest a variety of scholars and professionals including physicians, biomedical researchers in many disciplines, basic scientists, attorneys and jurists involved in accidental injury cases and governmental bodies. It is hoped that this book will foster multidisciplinary collaborations by medical and engineering researchers and academicians and practicing physicians for injury assessment and prevention and stimulate more applied research, education and training in the field of accidental-injury causation and prevention.
Download or read book Impact Head Injury written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Aerospace Medical Panel. Specialists' Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
