Download or read book A Comparison of Two Conditioning Models of Alcohol Procurement as Predictors of Social Drinking Among College Students written by Carolyn Naff Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perceived Norms Alcohol Outcome Expectancies and Collegiate Drinking written by Edward Wahesh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hazardous drinking among university students remains a significant public health crisis on college campuses. According to the Core Institute (2012), nearly 44% of college students reported heavy episodic drinking during the previous two weeks. Alcohol use results in numerous problems experienced by college students, including impaired driving and death (Hingson, Zha, & Weitzman, 2009). In response, there has been a call within the literature to develop theoretically derived mediation models to investigate the complex array of variables that influence collegiate drinking behaviors (Baer, 2002; Oei & Morawska, 2004). By examining the multiple pathways of alcohol use, tailored interventions can be designed that target appropriate contributing factors for high-risk drinking groups (Dowdall & Wechsler, 2002). The purpose of this study was to test a model of collegiate drinking comprised of several key determinants of alcohol use: descriptive norms, injunctive norms, positive alcohol outcome expectancies, negative alcohol outcome expectancies, and four types of drinking motives (coping, conformity, social reinforcement, and enhancement). The motivational model of alcohol use (Cox & Klinger, 1988, 2011) was used as a framework for conceptualizing the unique role that each variable played in contributing to drinking outcome variables (alcohol use intensity and alcohol-related negative consequences). It was posited that drinking motives would fully mediate the associations between psychosocial determinants of drinking (social norms and alcohol outcome expectancies) and drinking outcome variables. Path analysis was utilized to examine associations among the variables and to assess the fit of the hypothesized model with a sample of 445 full-time undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 24 years old. A final, revised model accounted for 45% of the variance in both alcohol use intensity and alcohol-related negative consequences. Whereas enhancement drinking motives and social norms variables emerged as important predictors of alcohol use intensity, negative drinking motives acted as key predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences. Results of bootstrapping analyses indicated that drinking motives significantly mediated the indirect relationships between several psychosocial determinants and drinking outcome variables. Multiple group tests of invariance indicated that the revised model was an acceptable fit among male and female students as well as underclassmen and upperclassmen. Several implications for counselors and counselor educators were gleaned from the results. In the future, researchers should design and evaluate targeted interventions that are tailored for college drinkers based on their primary motives for alcohol consumption."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Individual Differences in Heavy Drinking Contexts Among College Students written by Matthew D. Christiansen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Closer Look at the Impact of Peer Influences on College Drinking written by Sherry Farrow and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study was designed to examine relationships between drinking norms and alcohol use among college students while considering the role of both interpersonal and intrapersonal moderators of this relationship. College students (N=127) who drank at least once during the previous three months reported on their alcohol use, their attitudes toward drinking, perceived drinking norms, relational self-construal, and demographics. Detailed information pertaining to participants' drinking and support social networks were elicited via an interview. It was hypothesized that perceived norms would be related to drinking such that norms reflecting higher levels of alcohol use would be related to more alcohol consumption. This hypothesis was supported. Additionally, the direct and moderating influence of social network characteristics (i.e., size, density, functioning) on alcohol use were examined in a series of regression models. In models not including the influence of norms, drinking networks that were larger were predictive of higher levels of alcohol use. Closeness with network members predicted higher levels of binge drinking. When norms were included in the models, only minimal support was found for the moderating influence of social network characteristics. Satisfaction within the drinking network moderated the influence of norms on alcohol use such that for males, there was stronger normative influence for those high in satisfaction. Relational self-construal was hypothesized as an intrapersonal moderator of norms. This was true for males only, such that higher levels of relational self-construal were related to stronger norm conformity. The present study represents the first step in understanding the complex impact of social networks on alcohol use among college students.

Download or read book Predictors of Hispanic College Student Alcohol Use with Consideration of Sex Gender and Ethnic Differences written by Sophia Ko and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. college environment presents risk of alcohol consumption and related consequences, with more than half of full-time college students reporting alcohol use in the past month and a third engaging in binge drinking (4 + drinks (females)/5+ drinks (males); National Survey on Drug Use and Health [NSDUH], 2018). U.S. college students that identify as Hispanic/Latinx have grown in volume, representing nearly 1 in 5 college students (College Enrollment Statistics, 2022; U.S. Department of Education, 2019). There is indication that Hispanic adolescents experience unique cultural, peer, and family risk factors for alcohol use and related consequences (Goldbach et al., 2015; Jacobs et al., 2016; Segura et al., 2003; Zamboanga et al., 2009). However, there remain unanswered questions on the precise nature of these influences for Hispanic emerging adults in the college environment (Lui & Zamboanga, 2019; Zamboanga et al., 2014). The aims of this scoping review were to examine the literature among Hispanic U.S. college student alcohol use and related consequences for: (1) cultural, peer, and family predictors; and (2) demographic variance by sex, gender, and ethnic subgroup. From the 46 articles identified in PubMed and PsychINFO databases, 80.4% analyzed traditional Hispanic (pan-ethnic) samples and 19.5% analyzed Mexican American samples. Nine additional sources of gray literature identified themes of family and cultural stress among Hispanic college students. Highly acculturated individuals appeared to be more at risk for general consumption, which was characteristic of social motives. High enculturation was associated with drinking related consequences, which could be an indication that these students are more likely to view alcohol use as a coping or conformity motive. There was not full support for familism or first-generation status as protective constructs, and instead, other related components such as communication and religiousness emerged as relevant predictors. More acculturated females tend to be more vulnerable to high stress environments, and in turn binge drinking episodes. Lowered familism, increased traditional machismo (e.g., dominance and toughness), and elevated peer norms were predictors putting males more at risk, an indication that perceptiveness to the influences of peers and family depend on gender. No articles were able to specify variance in predictors by sex, and only articles of Mexican American subgroup were identified, which presents a clear gap for future research to fill.

Download or read book Alcohol Use and Related Problems Among College Students and Their Noncollege Peers written by Patrick Donovan Quinn and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although alcohol use and related problems are highly prevalent in emerging adulthood overall, college students drink somewhat more than do their peers who do not attend college. The personal or social influences underlying this difference, however, are not yet well understood. The present study examined whether personality traits (i.e., self-regulation and sensation seeking) and peer influence (i.e., descriptive drinking norms) contributed to student status differences. At approximately age 22, 4-year college students (n = 331) and noncollege emerging adults (n = 502) completed web-based surveys, including measures of alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, personality, and social norms. College students drank only slightly more heavily. This small difference, however, reflected personality suppression. College students were lower in trait-based risk for drinking, and accounting for traits revealed a stronger positive association between attending college and drinking more heavily. Although noncollege emerging adults reported greater descriptive drinking norms for social group members, norms appeared to more strongly influence alcohol use among college students. Finally, despite drinking less, noncollege individuals experienced more alcohol-related problems. The association between attending college and drinking heavily may be larger than previously estimated, and it may be masked by biased selection into college as a function of both self-regulation and sensation seeking. Differing patterns of alcohol use, its predictors, and its consequences emerged for the college and noncollege samples, suggesting that differing intervention strategies may best meet the needs of each population.

Download or read book Binge Drinking Among Undergraduate Students written by Sean Esteban McCabe and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Examining Associations Between Peer Context Social Anxiety and Alcohol Expectancies in Undergraduate Students written by Shannon Lee Henry and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use increases dramatically in college, and drinking in college students is often problematic. Drinking is overwhelmingly used socially, especially among adolescents and young adults. Developmentally, these age groups demonstrate increased social sensitivity, especially to social evaluation and reward; they also endorse beliefs that alcohol use is socially rewarding. The social-attributional and social cognitive models of drinking posit that uncertainty about social evaluation and rejection from others which is heightened around unfamiliar as opposed to familiar peers leads to increased state social anxiety, which activates positive socially-related alcohol expectancies. The present study aimed to confirm this relationship. In a sample of college students (N = 136), mixed models were used to examine the association between peer familiarity (manipulated within vignettes) and alcohol expectancies (assessed via self-report), assessing state social anxiety (self-reported after each vignette) as a potential moderator of this relationship. Results indicated that state social anxiety moderated the relationship between peer familiarity and the tension reduction alcohol expectancy, but in a different manner than expected; the moderation was such that, when participants reported low state anxiety, the unfamiliar condition increased the tension reduction alcohol expectancy in comparison to the familiar condition, whereas when participants reported high state anxiety ratings, the unfamiliar condition decreased the tension reduction alcohol expectancy in relation to the familiar condition. No moderation was found for social enhancement or positive mood enhancement alcohol expectancies. Aside from moderation results, state social anxiety emerged as a strong positive predictor of positive alcohol expectancies. Overall, findings indicate that the social-attributional and social cognitive models may not accurately describe the relationship between peer familiarity, social anxiety, and alcohol expectancies for this sample or study design. Exploratory mixed model analyses for specific subsets of the sample (low vs high trait social anxiety groups) and study conditions (four different vignette scenarios) provide some insight about cases in which the models may be less or more accurate. Overall findings also highlight the importance of state social anxiety as a predictor of alcohol expectancies, and the complexities of examining contextual factors related to alcohol expectancies and alcohol use.

Download or read book What Ales You written by Jaime M. Garza and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy drinking among college students has been identified as a major public health concern in the United States. While research on college drinking is extensive, it is almost exclusively focused on white non-Hispanic populations, with minimal attention to ethnic minority groups--particularly the Hispanic college student. The aim of this study was threefold: 1) to investigate differences in drinking patterns between Hispanic and white non-Hispanic college students; 2) to examine gender differences in drinking behavior within the Hispanic college student population; and 3) to identify predictive factors that influence the drinking behavior of Hispanic college students while using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory as a theoretical lens. The Core Alcohol and Drug Survey was used to collect data on college students', beliefs, attitudes, and experiences associated with alcohol use in college. The sample data used in this study was collected from 2011-2015 and was delimited to include only full-time undergraduate students identifying as Hispanic and white non-Hispanic (N=54,030). Four research questions provided the basis of the study which were operationalized by Astin's (1993) input environment outcome model (IEO). Descriptive analyses were conducted to describe the sample in terms of individual and institutional characteristics based on ethnic origin (Hispanic and white non-Hispanic), experiences on a college campus, and alcohol use. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to determine statistical significance of differences between Hispanic and white non-Hispanic students and gender differences within the Hispanic college student population. To determine the magnitude and practical significance of the effect size in the differences between these groups, effect size was calculated using Cohen D. Lastly, inferential statistics using a hierarchical, multiple regression were used to find predictive factors for alcohol use with the Hispanic college student population. Statistical significance results were reported for each model in the regression. Emerging predictive factors regarding binge drinking episodes among Hispanic college students included: gender, campus size, perceptions of alcohol use, participation in campus organizations, expectancies of alcohol as a tool to handle stress, expectancies of alcohol as a means of facilitating social bonds with men, it's perceived ability to allow people to have more fun, make food taste better, makes women & men sexier, and negative consequences of hangover, getting in trouble with police, missing classes, and getting arrested for DWI/DUI. Considerations and implications for law enforcement personnel, higher education practitioners, and future researchers are included.

Download or read book Social Cognitive Theory Based Predictors of Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking Among Asian Indian College Students in Mid western Universities written by Samrat Yeramaneni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analyzing Predictors of Drinking and Driving Among Gender Cohorts Within a College Sample written by Justin Hoyle and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: The current study focuses on predominant predictors associated with each gender cohort's engagement in driving under the influence (DUI). Aker's social learning theory, Gottfredson and Hirshi's low self-control theory, and Agnew's strain theory are utilized to explore differences within two separate step-wise logistic regressions; one set of regressions contain a male only sample (n = 855), while the other model contains a female only sample (n = 968). This study uses self-report measures of DUI from a survey administered at a large Southeastern university focusing on risk-taking behaviors. Results indicate that social learning variables differential association and imitation are significant predictors for both gender cohorts' DUI behavior. Also, although low self-control was a significant predictor within all female-only models, it was only a significant predictor in the male-only models when separate from the other theoretical variables. Likewise, strain was a significant predictor when separated, but was insignificant when included in the final models. Policies and future research are discussed.

Download or read book Have a Drink You ll Feel Better written by Cameron T. McCabe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, college students have been shown to consume more alcohol relative to similar age groups who do not attend college. A recent estimate indicates that the average number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week by undergraduates is around five standard drinks. This predisposes undergraduate heavy drinkers to a myriad of negative outcomes including academic, social, physical, and psychological problems. Many studies have attempted to identify personality types which may be predisposed to subsequent alcohol use, however, others have largely abandoned this quest for an "alcoholic personality" and have adopted more complicated approaches by linking personality measures with intrinsic motivations to drink, and drinking as a response to stress (i.e., coping). To date, a vast majority of research in these domains have focused primarily on the personality dimension of neuroticism, while a paucity of literature exists measuring extraversion specifically, and literature that does exist has yielded varying results. The present thesis focused on how undergraduates, specifically extraverts, cope with stress on a daily level and how those coping strategies may leave them predisposed to subsequent alcohol use. Using a daily diary approach, this study tested the applicability of the differential coping choice model in a sample of undergraduate college students, with the goal of testing mediational pathways from extraversion and coping (problem-focused and social support) predicting alcohol consumption. Three hundred sixty six participants completed an Internet-based diary page once a day for five consecutive days and among other measures, reported their daily stress level, coping strategies utilized, and how much they drank. Results confirmed initial hypotheses that at the individual level, higher scores on the extraversion scale were associated with higher levels of drinks being consumed per day. At the daily level, increased use of daily problem-focused coping strategies were associated with fewer drinks being consumed per day while increased use of daily social support coping was marginally predictive of higher levels of drinks being consumed per day. These results suggest the relationship between extraversion and alcohol consumption to be at least partially mediated by these two coping strategies.

Download or read book How Do Alcohol Expectancies Interact with Personality Type and Culture to Mediate Alcohol Use in College age Students written by Jennifer Y. Chen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study contributes new literature to the small, but growing body of research regarding Asian-American college drinking. This study sought to discover how ethnicity mediates the relationship between alcohol expectancies, personality traits, and alcohol use. Participants were 843 incoming freshman at a private university who self-identified as either Caucasian (78.8%) or Asian (21.2%). Participants were asked to complete a demographics questionnaire, the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS/BAS), and the Alcohol Expectancy Inventory (AEI). Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in rates of heavy episodic drinking. One-way MANCOVAs were used to examine differences in alcohol expectancies, and one-way ANCOVAs were used to examine personality traits between the two ethnicities. Lastly, path analyses using logistic regression and multiple regression models were used to identify pathways to alcohol use with ethnicity as a potential mediating variable. Results indicate that Asians drank less than Caucasians, initiated drinking at a later age, and abstained more from alcohol compared to their Caucasian counterparts. For those that reported drinking behavior in the past 90 days, 55.8% of Caucasians met criteria for HED, compared to 34.0% of Asians. Although Asians had far less HED behavior, there were no significant differences in alcohol expectancies or personality sensitivities between the two ethnicities. The results highlight that Asian-American college students, who have generally been labeled as "model minorities", may activate the same expectancies as Caucasian college students. Ethnicity was found to be a mediating variable between the Social, Woozy, and Dangerous expectancies and alcohol use, but was not a mediator for the other five expectancies. Attractive and Woozy expectancies were found to be significant mediators between behavioral activation sensitivities and alcohol use. Dangerous, Sick, and Egotistical expectancies were found to be significant mediators between behavioral inhibition sensitivities and alcohol use. Although these two groups share similar factors predictive of alcohol use, these findings demonstrate that there are nuanced differences in how ethnicity is a mediating factor between expectancies (social, woozy, dangerous), personality traits, and alcohol use. College prevention and intervention efforts should be focused on culturally-sensitive programs targeting specific expectancies.

Download or read book The Role of Individual Difference Factors in Predicting Alcohol Related Consequences in College Students written by Ashley Ann Dennhardt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although alcohol-related consequences are high in college students, there is significant variability in the number experienced, even among students who drink heavily. Caucasian students drink more and experience more alcohol-related problems than African American students, but little research has investigated the potentially unique predictors of problems among these students. Depression, Distress Tolerance and Delay Discounting may be predictors of alcohol problem severity. We examined the relationship between these variables and alcohol-related problems among Caucasians and African American students using multivariate models. For Caucasian students, depression was associated with alcohol problems. For African American students, depression, distress tolerance, and delay discounting were associated with alcohol problems; and Distress Tolerance mediated the relationship between depression and problems. These results suggest that for African American students, the inability to tolerate negative emotions and to organize their behavior around future outcomes may be especially relevant risk factors for alcohol-related consequences.

Download or read book Parental Influences on College Student Drinking written by Kimberly Jean Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problematic drinking in college students is a serious public health problem. Although parental influence wanes during the college years, research suggests that parental behaviors in high school, including monitoring, alcohol-specific control (i.e., rules or communication), and problematic modeling of drinking, continue to predict their children's drinking even into college. This dissertation tests a model, developed by the author, that posits prospective associations between the parental behaviors discussed above and college student problematic drinking, mediated by student alcohol-related cognitions, namely, self-efficacy to avoid alcohol, negative alcohol expectancies, and peer drinking norms. Tests were conducted of the following main hypotheses: (1) parental behaviors in the senior year of high school are associated with a number of college freshmen's drinking outcomes, including heavy drinking, alcohol problems, and male and female binge drinking, after statistically controlling for significant covariates, such as gender, race, and past student drinking, and (2) each of the student alcohol-related cognitions mediates the relationships between parental behaviors and student drinking. Data to test these hypotheses were collected at one time point from an undergraduate population at a large, public university, and data on all measures was provided by student self-report (N = 292). Multiple regression analyses indicated that, for the most part, results were consistent with predictions. Greater maternal drinking was significantly and directly associated with greater student heavy drinking, and greater paternal drinking was significantly and directly associated with greater alcohol problems. Greater parental alcohol-specific monitoring was significantly and directly associated with lower heavy drinking and alcohol problems, while greater alcohol-specific rules was significantly and directly associated with lower heavy drinking and male binge drinking. Unexpectedly, greater alcohol-specific communication was significantly and directly associated with greater, not lower, student heavy drinking and alcohol problems and female binge drinking. Mediational analyses revealed that all three of the student alcohol-related cognitions mediated several relationships between parental behaviors and student drinking outcomes. Surprisingly, greater paternal drinking was significantly and indirectly associated with lower, not greater, student heavy drinking, as mediated by greater student negative alcohol expectancies. Methodological limitations notwithstanding, this study is one of the first to test a comprehensive mediated model of parental behaviors, student alcohol-related cognitions, and student drinking.

Download or read book College Drinking written by William DeJong and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Don t Blame it on the Alcohol written by Elizabeth B. Atwood and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binge drinking is a serious problem on college campuses, which is defined as five drinks on one occasion for men and four drinks on one occasion for women. The focus of this study is on student involvement on campus and how it affects binge drinking. The analysis examines predictors of college binge drinking through a social learning theoretical framework with the intention that the findings can be used to help colleges and universities prevent this dangerous drinking behavior. A logistic analysis of the predictors selected from the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (2001) supports the promotion of campus activities and involvement in student organizations as preventative measures for binge drinking, as well as identifies several student populations at high risk for binge drinking. The findings of this study increases understanding of college binge drinking, has implications for possible intervention programs for campuses and future research, and supports Akers's social learning theory for understanding deviant behavior.