Download or read book A Comparison of Seafloor Sonar Classification Methods Through the Use of Error Matrices and 3 Dimensional GIS Visualization written by Andrew S. Lanier and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multibeam sonar data was collected on Nehalem Bank, off of the Oregon Coast with the purpose of increasing the spatial resolution of our knowledge of the area and delineating seafloor habitats. The system used was the Kongsberg Simrad EM-300 operating at 30 kHz. The data set collected includes both topographic and backscatter information, both of which were processed and gridded at a 5m cell-size resolution. This thesis summarizes the methods used in the characterization of seafloor habitat using the Nehalem Bank data and the analysis tools incorporated within a geographic information system (GIS). This work focuses on investigations into the analysis of benthic habitats through the use of algorithmic calculations at multiple scales to quantitatively delineate distinct seafloor regions. A recently developed spatial analysis technique, the bathymetric position index (BPI), was tested and used as part of the Benthic Terrain Modeler Tool to classify the Nehalem Bank data. Those results were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively to a newly developed method (developed for this project) entitled the surface interpretation method (SIM). Both methods of classification use multiple scales of BPI in conjunction with the topographic digital elevation model (DEM) to quantitatively delineate seafloor habitats. While accuracy assessments of remotely sensed imagery on land are usually carried out using groundtruthing information collected specifically for that purpose, sonar imagery is often assessed using any information available. The groundtruth data available for Nehalem Bank is sparsely located throughout the region and includes: submersible dives, sample data, and seismic and sidescan imagery. In order to evaluate the fit of the classification attempts to the DEM quantitatively, a set of reference points was created and interpreted using the three dimensional (3D) visualization capabilities of a GIS. The results were analyzed using error matrix statistical measures that provided a quantitative assessment of the classification results, the feedback from which guided a refinement of the classification methods. This was done in attempt to optimize "real-world" evaluation of a classification methods results, without an idealized level of seafloor groundtruth data. The backscatter component of the data was processed to reduce the influence of grazing angle on the intensity of surface returns, a common source of noise that dominates many datasets. The processed image shows a reduced variability of the grey level of the imagery in both along and across track directions. Submersible dive groundtruth data were then co-located with the backscatter imagery using habitat interpretations of the dives displayed upon the DEM. The backscatter data was then classified in the regions of the dives using textural analysis with grey level co-occurrence matrix derived indices of homogeneity and entropy. The resulting substrate class divisions satisfactorily parsed the landscape into habitat regions, with the exceptions of the nadir and shadow regions. However, higher frequency deep-towed sidescan imagery in the same region shows that the delineation of substrate regions appears to be incorrect with the EM300 imagery likely imaging subsurface seafloor characteristics.
Download or read book Towards Real time Sea floor Surface Reconstruction and Classification Using 3 D Side scan Sonar written by Ryan Michael Goldade and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a computer algorithm to solve two major hurdles for generating real-time automated sea-floor maps with composition classification using 3-D side-scan sonar data. The algorithm consists of two distinct parts: sea-floor profiling and sea-flooring classification with computation acceleration from a graphics processing unit (GPU). The sea-floor profiling algorithm is an automated method that identifies bathymetry data corresponding to the sea-floor while ignoring bathymetry corresponding to water column objects and multi-path returns. The algorithm improves upon a fuzzy curve tracing method to handle discontinuities in the point-cloud data along the sea-floor and to discriminate between the sea-floor and other data. With an average error of 2.6% and a computation time of 7.40ms, the sea-floor profiling algorithm is extremely accurate and efficient. Classification of the sea-floor regions consists of applying image texture methods and machine learning classifiers to side-scan sonar images. In this thesis, a feature space for each side-scan sonar image pixel is created using image texture analysis algorithms, and classified with an artificial neural network. The accuracy and performance of the algorithm is tested with side-scan sonar images from the Underwater Research Lab's Pam Rocks sonar survey. Real-time classification was achieved by the use of GPU computing. Porting the algorithm onto the GPU using OpenCL reduced the per-ping computation time to an average of 100ms, with an average error of 3.4%, making it a viable real-time solution in a sonar system.
Download or read book Handbook of Seafloor Sonar Imagery written by Philippe Blondel and published by . This book was released on 1997-05-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the ocean floor remains unmapped but with the introduction of acoustic remote sensing and deep submersible dives this is now achievable. The major use of this book is interpretation of sonar images through worked examples.
Download or read book The Handbook of Sidescan Sonar written by Philippe Blondel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sidescan sonar is proving to be the preeminent technique for researchers and professionals seeking knowledge about the structure and behavior of the seafloor, but its data is often difficult to interpret due to the physics of acoustic remote sensing, and to the varied geological processes at play. This book covers the fundamentals of sidescan sonar, incorporates new understanding of marine structures, and explains how to interpret sidescan sonar imagery and bathymetry.
Download or read book Three dimensional Modeling of Seafloor Backscatter from Sidescan Sonar for Autonomous Classification and Navigation written by Kenneth Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat written by Peter Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This book provides a synthesis of seabed geomorphology and benthic habitats based on the most recent, up-to-date information. Case studies from around the world are presented.
Download or read book Classification Methods for Remotely Sensed Data written by Paul Mather and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing is an integral part of geography, GIS and cartography, used by academics in the field and professionals in all sorts of occupations. The 1990s saw the development of a range of new methods of classifying remote sensing images and data, both optical imaging and microwave imaging. This comprehensive survey of the various techniques pul
Download or read book Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management written by Edmund Peter Green and published by Unesco. This book was released on 2000 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook provides a detailed evaluation of what can realistically be achieved by remote sensing in an operational coastal management context. It takes the user through the planning and implementation of remote sensing projects from the setting of realistic objectives, deciding which imagery will be most appropriate to achieve those objectives, the acquisition, geometric and radiometric correction of imagery, the field survey methods needed to ground-truth the imagery and guide image classification, the image processing techniques required to optimise outputs, through the image interpretation and evaluation of the accuracy of outputs. Linked to the Handbook is a computer-based remote sensing distance-learning module: Applications of satellite and airborne image data to coastal management available free of charge via www.unesco.bilko.org
Download or read book Reconstruction and Analysis of 3D Scenes written by Martin Weinmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique work presents a detailed review of the processing and analysis of 3D point clouds. A fully automated framework is introduced, incorporating each aspect of a typical end-to-end processing workflow, from raw 3D point cloud data to semantic objects in the scene. For each of these components, the book describes the theoretical background, and compares the performance of the proposed approaches to that of current state-of-the-art techniques. Topics and features: reviews techniques for the acquisition of 3D point cloud data and for point quality assessment; explains the fundamental concepts for extracting features from 2D imagery and 3D point cloud data; proposes an original approach to keypoint-based point cloud registration; discusses the enrichment of 3D point clouds by additional information acquired with a thermal camera, and describes a new method for thermal 3D mapping; presents a novel framework for 3D scene analysis.
Download or read book Coral Reef Remote Sensing written by James A. Goodman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing stands as the defining technology in our ability to monitor coral reefs, as well as their biophysical properties and associated processes, at regional to global scales. With overwhelming evidence that much of Earth’s reefs are in decline, our need for large-scale, repeatable assessments of reefs has never been so great. Fortunately, the last two decades have seen a rapid expansion in the ability for remote sensing to map and monitor the coral reef ecosystem, its overlying water column, and surrounding environment. Remote sensing is now a fundamental tool for the mapping, monitoring and management of coral reef ecosystems. Remote sensing offers repeatable, quantitative assessments of habitat and environmental characteristics over spatially extensive areas. As the multi-disciplinary field of coral reef remote sensing continues to mature, results demonstrate that the techniques and capabilities continue to improve. New developments allow reef assessments and mapping to be performed with higher accuracy, across greater spatial areas, and with greater temporal frequency. The increased level of information that remote sensing now makes available also allows more complex scientific questions to be addressed. As defined for this book, remote sensing includes the vast array of geospatial data collected from land, water, ship, airborne and satellite platforms. The book is organized by technology, including: visible and infrared sensing using photographic, multispectral and hyperspectral instruments; active sensing using light detection and ranging (LiDAR); acoustic sensing using ship, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and in-water platforms; and thermal and radar instruments. Emphasis and Audience This book serves multiple roles. It offers an overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies for reef mapping, provides detailed technical information for coral reef remote sensing specialists, imparts insight on the scientific questions that can be tackled using this technology, and also includes a foundation for those new to reef remote sensing. The individual sections of the book include introductory overviews of four main types of remotely sensed data used to study coral reefs, followed by specific examples demonstrating practical applications of the different technologies being discussed. Guidelines for selecting the most appropriate sensor for particular applications are provided, including an overview of how to utilize remote sensing data as an effective tool in science and management. The text is richly illustrated with examples of each sensing technology applied to a range of scientific, monitoring and management questions in reefs around the world. As such, the book is broadly accessible to a general audience, as well as students, managers, remote sensing specialists and anyone else working with coral reef ecosystems.
Download or read book Glaciated Continental Margins written by Thomas A. Davies and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late Cenozoic glaciation affected sedimentation on more than half the Earth's continental shelves, and ice continues to be a dominant influence on marine sedimentation around Greenland, on the shelves facing the Arctic Ocean and around Antarctica.
Download or read book Submarine Geomorphology written by Aaron Micallef and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on the current state of knowledge of submarine geomorphology aims to achieve the goals of the Submarine Geomorphology working group, set up in 2013, by establishing submarine geomorphology as a field of research, disseminating its concepts and techniques among earth scientists and professionals, and encouraging students to develop their skills and knowledge in this field. Editors have invited 30 experts from around the world to contribute chapters to this book, which is divided into 4 sections – (i) Introduction & history, (ii) Data & methods, (ii) Submarine landforms & processes and (iv) Conclusions & future directions. Each chapter provides a review of a topic, establishes the state-of-the-art, identifies the key research questions that need to be addressed, and delineates a strategy on how to achieve this. Submarine geomorphology is a priority for many research institutions, government authorities and industries globally. The book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students, and professionals with limited training in this field.
Download or read book GIS for Coastal Zone Management written by Darius Bartlett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-08-27 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly used to analyze and manage marine and coastal zones, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provide a powerful set of tools for integrating and processing spatial information. These technologies are increasingly used in the management and analysis of the coastal zone. Supplying the guidance necessary to use these tools, GIS for Coastal
Download or read book Geospatial Technology for Earth Observation written by Deren Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth Observation interacts with space, remote sensing, communication, and information technologies, and plays an increasingly significant role in Earth related scientific studies, resource management, homeland security, topographic mapping, and development of a healthy, sustainable environment and community. Geospatial Technology for Earth Observation provides an in-depth and broad collection of recent progress in Earth observation. Contributed by leading experts in this field, the book covers satellite, airborne and ground remote sensing systems and system integration, sensor orientation, remote sensing physics, image classification and analysis, information extraction, geospatial service, and various application topics, including cadastral mapping, land use change evaluation, water environment monitoring, flood mapping, and decision making support. Geospatial Technology for Earth Observation serves as a valuable training source for researchers, developers, and practitioners in geospatial science and technology industry. It is also suitable as a reference book for upper level college students and graduate students in geospatial technology, geosciences, resource management, and informatics.
Download or read book Terrain Analysis written by John P. Wilson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-08-03 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Buch untersucht, welchen Einfluß Landschaftsformen, insbesondere Höhenunterschiede, auf die an der Erdoberfläche ablaufenden Prozesse haben. Wasserbewegungen, die Sonneneinstrahlung sowie die Bodenentwicklung und -erosion werden alle mehr oder minder durch die Form der Landschaftsoberfläche gesteuert. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Landschaftsanalyse sind vielfältig: Sie reichen von Studien über Wasserscheiden und Feuchtgebiete über Bodenkunde und Erosionsstudien, Landschafts- und Landnutzungsstudien bis zu geomorphologischer Forschung und regionalen und globalen Ökologiestudien. Darüber hinaus kann die Landschaftsanalyse auch zu meteorologischen Vorhersagen sowie bei Problemen mit TV- oder Radiosignalempfang eingesetzt werden. Dieses Forschungsgebiet hat in Verbindung mit den jüngsten Fortschritten auf dem Gebiet der GIS und GPS eine rasante Entwicklung durchlaufen. In diesem Band werden alle diese neuen Ansätze und Anwendungsbereiche umfassend erläutert. (y05/00)
Download or read book Principles of Remote Sensing written by Lucas L. F. Janssen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Remote Sensing written by George Joseph and published by Universities Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the fundamental concepts covering various stages of remote sensing from data collection to end utilization, so that it can be appreciated irrespective of the discipline in which the reader has graduated. The physical principles on which remote sensing are based has been explained without getting into complicated mathematical equations.
