Download or read book A Comparison of Auditory Feedback Development Under Different Daf Conditions in Stutterers and Normal Speakers written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory motor Integration Influences on Speech Motor Control and Fluency a Comparison of Normally Fluent Speakers and People who Stutter written by Hee-Cheong Chon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of this dissertation was to identify the effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on speech motor stability and speech fluency in normally fluent adults (PWNS) and to compare them with effects on adults who exhibit persistent stuttering. If the auditory processing influences differently the two groups, it might shed light on the basic role of auditory-to-motor integration in speech production. Differences in auditory feedback dependency were also expected between normally fluent individuals who are highly susceptible to DAF and normally fluent individuals who are minimally affected by DAF. Three studies were conducted to (I) subgroup 62 normally fluent males and females based on their responses to DAF during spontaneous conversational speaking and reading tasks, (II) compare responses to DAF between 15 normally fluent adults who showed high stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) under DAF (High-SLD group), 15 normally fluent adults who showed low SLD under DAF (Low-SLD group), and 15 adults who stutter, and (III) compare the specific effects of DAF on speech motor stability and movement patterns (lower-lip movement) in 11 normally fluent adults versus 11 adults who stutter. Study I revealed that normally fluent participants, as a group, increased the amount of SLD and speech errors (SE), and decreased articulation rate (AR) when speaking under DAF relative to speaking under amplified non-delayed condition (aNAF). Sex had a limited differential effect on other disfluencies (OD) and AR whereas task effects were seen in OD, SE, and AR. Neither sex nor task, however, did influence SLD. Three subgroups, Low, Middle, and High Responders were identified. There were clear differences between the Low and High Responders in that the Low Responders exhibited smaller numbers of SLD and SE as well as faster AR than the High Responders. The Middle Responders revealed task dependency, showing different responses than those exhibited by the Low and High Responders. The results of Study II showed that people who stutter did not reduce SLD counts under DAF condition, a finding that deviates from reports of previous studies. PWS also exhibited higher mean number of SLD than the normally fluent Low-SLD group but similar to that of normally fluent High-SLD group. For all groups, the number of SE was higher and AR was slower under DAF than aNAF. PWS showed larger individual variability in responses to aNAF compared to natural feedback conditions in that some PWS reduced SLD under aNAF condition. Study III revealed significant difference between PWS and PWNS in speech kinematic stabilities, showing that PWS exhibited higher spatio-temporal index (i.e., lower speech motor stability) than PWNS across auditory feedback conditions in four utterance stimuli. PWS, however, yielded higher speech movement stability under aNAF and 25ms-DAF in longer stimuli compared to natural feedback condition. There was no group difference in movement displacement and velocity for opening-closing sequential movements but the patterns were different in each group. PWNS showed lower displacement and velocity under aNAF and DAF compared to natural feedback condition for both opening and closing movements whereas PWS showed higher displacement under DAF than aNAF condition and higher velocity under nNAF than 25ms-DAF. Normally fluent people showed shorter movement duration and faster articulation rate than PWS across auditory feedback and stimuli. This dissertation study has demonstrated different influences of auditory feedback on speech motor control in normally fluent adults and adults who stutter. In both groups, individual variability was obvious. In normally fluent adults, diverse responses to DAF could be explained with different auditory feedback dependency for ongoing speech articulatory production. PWS were more dependent on auditory feedback for speech production, and auditory-to-motor integration under aNAF and short delay feedback conditions helped them to improve speech motor stability.
Download or read book Auditory Modulation During Speech Planning in Stuttering and Nonstuttering Individuals written by Ayoub Daliri and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stuttering is associated with atypical structural and functional connectivity among sensorimotor brain areas. However, it remains entirely unknown which specific mechanisms of sensorimotor control are affected by these neurological differences. In the program of research described here, I used a novel experimental paradigm and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to study motor-to-sensory interactions during speech movement planning in stuttering versus nonstuttering speakers. Experiment 1 investigated whether stuttering adults are deficient in modulating the auditory system prior to speech initiation. Auditory modulation was examined by recording auditory evoked potentials in response to probe tones presented during movement planning in a delayed-response speaking condition as compared with no-speaking control conditions. Findings indicated that stuttering speakers did not show the modulation of auditory processing (reflected in reduced amplitude of the N1 component) that was observed in nonstuttering speakers. This finding raised the question whether stuttering individuals have problems specifically with generating or evaluating a planning-related efference copy signal that can be used to predict upcoming self-generated sensory inputs or, more generally, with using any available information to make sensory predictions. In Experiment 2, probe tones were therefore delivered while participants anticipated either self-producing speech or hearing their own pre-recorded speech played back and in a control condition without auditory input. Results showed that auditory modulation differed between stuttering and normally fluent adults in both conditions with predictable auditory input. Experiment 3 was designed to start exploring the functional significance of pre-speech auditory modulation in general, and the functional implications of stuttering speakers' lack of modulation. Participants in this experiment completed a sensorimotor adaptation task with formant-shifted auditory feedback, and the results served to estimate each speaker's reliance on auditory feedback. In a separate session, pre-speech auditory modulation was again assessed by means of probe tones, but this time N1 modulation relative to a no-speaking control condition was quantified both in a condition that allowed typical reliance on auditory feedback (non-delayed auditory feedback; NAF) and in a condition that did not allow reliance on auditory feedback (delayed auditory feedback; DAF). Results revealed that (a) stuttering speakers showed only limited adaptation to formant-shifted auditory feedback; (b) for nonstuttering speakers, DAF caused the amount of pre-speech auditory modulation to be reduced whereas for stuttering speakers, DAF enhanced pre-speech auditory modulation; and (c) across the two groups, there was a relationship between the effect of DAF on pre-speech auditory modulation and reliance on auditory feedback during the adaptation task. These studies demonstrate that stuttering individuals have difficulties with using auditory predictions--both those related to active movement planning and those related to input that is not a consequence of one's own actions--to prime this sensory system with critical importance for speech production. Moreover, stuttering individuals showed not only a lack of modulation of the auditory system under normal speaking conditions (NAF) but also a lower reliance on auditory feedback as revealed here during a sensorimotor adaptation task with formant-shifted auditory feedback. Overall, findings suggest that stuttering is associated with deficits in auditory-motor integration, and that the auditory system may be not appropriately modulated for its role in online feedback control during speech production. I speculate that the inability to use predictive information for appropriately priming task-relevant sensory systems for their role in monitoring articulatory movements may lead to unnecessary and disruptive attempts at correcting ongoing movements. These maladaptive "repairs" may contribute to the fluency breakdowns that form the primary symptoms of stuttering.
Download or read book The Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on the Speech Kinematics of Normal Speakers microform written by Kim J. Spylo and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1997 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was designed to examine the effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on the speech kinematics of normal speakers. The procedure involved collecting jaw, upper and lower lip kinematics for closing gestures, using strain gauges during 4 different DAF conditions (0, 40, 80, and 120 msec delay). An acoustic analysis of utterance duration revealed that rate of speech became slower across increases in DAF. The main kinematic findings were that movement time, percent time to peak velocity, and the number of velocity peaks increased with increases in DAF. Additionally, peak velocity and the peak velocity/maximum displacement ratio decreased with increases in DAF. Maximum displacement showed a consistent increase across DAF settings for jaw movements but not for upper and lower lip movements. These kinematic results appear to be in general agreement with previous kinematic studies of slow speech.
Download or read book The Effects of Different Auditory Feedback Conditions on Speech Rate and Self perceptions of Speech written by Rebecca Lynn Feeney and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on the Bereitschaftspotential written by Jennifer Lynn Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined the brain electrical activity of normal speakers in a non-delayed auditory feedback (DAF) condition and when experiencing DAF to determine the effect DAF would have on the Bereitschaftspotential (BP). The BP reflects the preparatory state of a person prior to motor execution of an act and can be observed 1500 to 500 ms prior to voluntary movement. The participants in the study included 10 adults with normal speech. Each read a series of 30 sentences, both without DAF and with DAF, while the BP was measured. Results indicate that the BP is present across the scalp in both the control condition and the DAF condition; however, the BP is reduced in the DAF condition. The scalp distribution maps indicate an increased negativity in the left frontal lobe in the DAF condition. These findings suggest that while the brain is engaged in processing current information that has already been initiated, the motor system may not be able to be primed for the next sequential motor event. There is still a need for more research to explore the motor control of speech and the ways altered feedback may disrupt the speech motor control.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Speech Disfluencies Produced Under Delayed Auditory Feedback and Auditory Processing Skills in Fluent Speakers written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is known to produce speech disruptions in fluent speakers. The present study examined the relationship between individualsâ susceptibility to DAF and their auditory processing skills. Forty participants (20 males and 20 females) read and produced monologue at no delay and 3 different delay levels of 100, 200, and 400 ms. Auditory processing skills were evaluated using dichotic digits test (DDT) and staggered spondaic word (SSW) test. Males produced significantly more Stuttering-Like Disfluencies (SLDs) under DAF than females. Significantly more SLDs were observed during conversation compared to reading. Overall, there was significant correlation between the frequency of SLDs and auditory performance on SSW test. Females scored significantly better on both SSW test and DDT compared to males. Scores on attention regulation questionnaire were not significantly different between genders. Fewer SLDs observed in females under DAF could be attributed to their superior control of auditory processing resources compared to males.
Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders written by Jack S. Damico and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 2354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders is an in-depth encyclopedia aimed at students interested in interdisciplinary perspectives on human communication—both normal and disordered—across the lifespan. This timely and unique set will look at the spectrum of communication disorders, from causation and prevention to testing and assessment; through rehabilitation, intervention, and education. Examples of the interdisciplinary reach of this encyclopedia: A strong focus on health issues, with topics such as Asperger's syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, anatomy of the human larynx, dementia, etc. Including core psychology and cognitive sciences topics, such as social development, stigma, language acquisition, self-help groups, memory, depression, memory, Behaviorism, and cognitive development Education is covered in topics such as cooperative learning, special education, classroom-based service delivery The editors have recruited top researchers and clinicians across multiple fields to contribute to approximately 640 signed entries across four volumes.
Download or read book A Handbook on Stuttering written by Oliver Bloodstein and published by Singular. This book was released on 1995 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Handbook On Stuttering was written to guide the reader to the edge of our knowledge about stuttering and, where the edge is not well defined, to point out where the footing is insecure and where we stand on solid ground. Dr. Bloodstein continues to produce a manual that is at once thorough and enjoyable to read for both the fledgling clinician and the seasoned pro.
Download or read book The Nature of Stuttering written by Charles Van Riper and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of Stuttering written by Lon L. Emerick and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Auditory Feedback on Articulation in Normal Speakers and Speakers who Stutter written by Dorothy E. Ross and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Behavior Modification written by Michel Hersen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 6, is a multidisciplinary serial publication that encompasses the contributions of psychology, psychiatry, social work, speech therapy, education, and rehabilitation. This serial aims to meet the need for a review publication that undertakes to present yearly in-depth evaluations that include a scholarly examination of theoretical underpinnings, a careful survey of research findings, and a comparative analysis of existing techniques and methodologies. The discussions center on a wide spectrum of child and adult disorders. The book opens with a chapter on the various behavioral procedures for treating insomnia. This is followed by separate chapters on behavioral analysis and formulation of the problem of stuttering; the assessment and treatment of enuresis and encopresis in children; and the development of behavior modification in Latin America. Subsequent chapters deal with the analysis of behavior modification from the point of view of its social identity; the conceptual and clinical literature resulting from the broader emphasis in behavior modification; and the relationship between therapist and client.
Download or read book The Neurophysiology of Developmental Stuttering Unraveling the Mysteries of Fluency written by Pierpaolo Busan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stuttering written by Ehud Yairi and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stuttering: Foundations and Clinical Applications, Third Edition presents a comprehensive overview of the science and treatment of stuttering in a single text. The book offers a unique level of coverage of the stuttering population, the disorder’s features, and the therapies offered for different ages. Written for both undergraduate and graduate level audiences, the authors guide students to critically appraise different viewpoints about the nature of stuttering, understand the disorder’s complexities, and learn about the major clinical approaches and therapies appropriate for different age groups. This evidence-based textbook is divided into three distinct sections. Part I, Nature of Stuttering, offers descriptive information about stuttering, including its demographics and developmental pathways. Part II explores the various explanations of stuttering, giving students an understanding of why people stutter. Part III focuses on clinical management, delving into the assessment of both adults and children, as well as various age-appropriate intervention approaches. In the final chapter, the authors explore other fluency disorders, as well as cultural and bilingual issues. New to the Third Edition: * Significantly updated scientific information and references * Content has been edited, shortened, and simplified to be more concise and reader-friendly * Video samples of stuttering clients: several in different languages Key Features: * Each chapter begins with a list of learner objectives to frame the chapter before new material is presented * Boxes throughout the text and bolded words were used to highlight important points * End-of-chapter summaries and study questions allow readers to review and test their understanding * Infused with suggested further readings and websites * Included visuals, tables, diagrams, photos, and drawings help clarify and expand on key concepts * Numerous case studies and testimonies from parents in the text with additional cases on the book’s companion website * Bolded key terms throughout with a comprehensive glossary to improve retention of the material Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as reproducible forms and additional case studies) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.
