Download or read book A Comparison Involving the Numbers Of and Relationship Between Testers in Evaluating Inbred Lines of Maize written by Kenneth Raymond Keller and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm
Download or read book Iowa State College Journal of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Second Cycle Inbred Lines of Maize written by Rama Dayal Singh and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Maiz written by and published by Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE. This book was released on with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agronomy Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international journal of agriculture and natural resource sciences.
Download or read book Comparisons Among Five Different Testers for the Evaluation of Unselected Lines of Maize Zea Mays L written by Eleuterio Lopez-Perez and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice of the appropriate tester for the evaluation of corn inbred lines is of major concern among corn breeders. Hence, comparisons among different testers are needed to determine their effectiveness in selecting inbred lines and in population improvement programs. Also, it is to determine whether to test the lines of corn early or late during the inbreeding process. Knowledge of the relationships between the mean yield of the lines per se and their testcrosses also is important. My objectives were to: 1) determine if there were significant differnces among S1 testcrosses, among S8 testcrosses, and between S1 versus S8 testcrosses, 2) compare the genetic variation among the different sets of testcrosses, 3) determine the relationships of inbred line performance among the different types of testers, and 4) compare the relation of testcross performance to line per se performance. Highly significant differences among the S1 and among the S8 testcorsses were found for all the traits. No significant differences, however, were detected between the S1 versus the S8 testcrosses for most of the traits. Genetic variance among the different S1 line and S8 line testcrosses was as theoretically expected for the related testers. That is, greater testcross genetic variance with the low yielding tester than the high yielding tester at both the S1 and S8 levels. S1 line testcrosses made with an unrelated high yielding tester, however, had the greatest genetic variance. Use of an unrelated high yielding inbred line was, (...).
Download or read book Iowa State College Journal of Science written by Iowa State University and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Comparison of the Performance of Corn Inbreds Per Se with Their Performance in Test cross Combination written by George Miloslav Kozelnicky and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Comparison of Testers for the Evaluation of New Inbred Lines of Corn written by David Park McGill and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists written by American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cereals written by Marcelo J. Carena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture depends on improved cultivars, and cultivars are developed through proper plant breeding. Unfortunately, applied plant breeding programs that are focused on cereal commodity crops are under serious erosion because of lack of funding. This loss of public support affects breeding continuity, objectivity, and, perhaps equally important, the training of future plant breeders and the utilization and improvement of plant genetic resources currently available. Breeding programs should focus not only on short-term research goals but also on long-term genetic improvement of germplasm. The research products of breeding programs are important not only for food security but also for commodity-oriented public and private programs, especially in the fringes of crop production. Breeding strategies used for long-term selection are often neglected but the reality is that long-term research is needed for the success of short-term products. An excellent example is that genetically broad-based public germplasm has significantly been utilized and recycled by industry, producing billions of dollars for industry and farmers before intellectual property rights were available. Successful examples of breeding continuity have served the sustainable cereal crop production that we currently have. The fact that farmers rely on public and private breeding institutions for solving long-term challenges should influence policy makers to reverse this trend of reduced funding. Joint cooperation between industry and public institutions would be a good example to follow. The objective of this volume is to increase the utilization of useful genetic resources and increase awareness of the relative value and impact of plant breeding and biotechnology. That should lead to a more sustainable crop production and ultimately food security. Applied plant breeding will continue to be the foundation to which molecular markers are applied. Focusing useful molecular techniques on the right traits will build a strong linkage between genomics and plant breeding and lead to new and better cultivars. Therefore, more than ever there is a need for better communication and cooperation among scientists in the plant breeding and biotechnology areas. We have an opportunity to greatly enhance agricultural production by applying the results of this research to meet the growing demands for food security and environmental conservation. Ensuring strong applied plant breeding programs with successful application of molecular markers will be essential in ensuring such sustainable use of plant genetic resources.
Download or read book Insect Resistant Maize for Africa IRMA Project Annual Report 2002 written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts of Theses written by Iowa State College and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Throughput Phenotyping for Crop Improvement and Breeding written by Ankush Prashar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
