Download or read book A Comparative Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell IPS derived Neural Progenitor Cells and Directly Reprogrammed Neural Progenitor Cells in Treatment of Ischemic Stroke in Rats written by Daria Namestnikova and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, a variety of stem cells types have shown their potential for enhancing stroke recovery. In this study we compared therapeutic effects of three different types of human stem cellsu2013human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), induced pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor cells (iNPCs), directly reprogrammed neural progenitor cells from human bone marrow MSCs (dr NPCs)u2013in treatment of ischemic stroke in rats.Male Wistar rats 24h after 90 minutes MCAO were transplanted intra-arterial with saline (n=15) or different stem cells types (5x105 in 1 ml): MSCs isolated from human placenta (n=15), NPCs differentiated from iPS (n=10) and NPCs directly reprogrammed from human bone marrow MSCs (n=10) without genetic engineering techniques. For evaluation of therapeutic effects and infarct volume behavioral test and 7T-MRI and were performed at 1d, 7d, 14d after MCAO (before histology). The improvement of neurological deficit already after 7d were observed after transplantation of iNPCs, drNPC and MCSs. Reduction of stroke volume were observed after administration of iNPCs, drNPC only. Despite prominent therapeutic effects drNPC have great advantage u2013 preparation protocol without requirement of viral integration. Transplantation of MSCs resulted in the best reduction of vasogenic edema and increased of survival rate, together with good functional recovery. All stem cells types were capable to migrate through the bloodu2013brain barrier.
Download or read book Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Brain Diseases written by Vivi M. Heine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-23 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain diseases can have a large impact on patients and society, and treatment is often not available. A new approach in which somatic cells are reprogrammed into induced pluripotent cells (iPS cells) is a significant breakthrough for regenerative medicine. This promises patient-specific tissue for replacement therapies, as well as disease-specific cells for developmental modeling and drug treatment screening. However, this method faces issues of low reprogramming efficiency, and poorly defined criteria for determining the conversion of one cell type to another. Cells contain epigenetic “memories” of what they were that can affect reprogramming. This book discusses the various methods to reprogram cells, the control and determination of cell identity, the epigenetic models that have emerged and the application of iPS cell therapy for brain diseases, in particular Parkinson’s disease and Vanishing White Matter (VWM).
Download or read book Human Neural Stem Cells written by Leonora Buzanska and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes early pioneering achievements in the field of human neural stem cell (hNSC) research and combines them with the latest advances in stem cell technology, including reprogramming and gene editing. The powerful potential of hNSC to generate and repair the developing and adult CNS has been confirmed by numerous experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. The book presents methods for hNSC derivation and discusses the mechanisms underlying NSC in vitro fate decisions and their in vivo therapeutic mode of action. The long-standing dogma that the human central nervous system (CNS) lacks the ability to regenerate was refuted at the end of the 20th century, when evidence of the presence of neurogenic zones in the adult human brain was found. These neurogenic zones are home to human neural stem cells (hNSCs), which are capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. NSCs isolated from human CNS have a number of clinical advantages, especially the innate potential to differentiate into functional neural cells. Nevertheless, their full clinical exploitation has been hindered by limited access to the tissue and low expansion potential. The search for an alternative to CNS sources of autologous, therapeutically competent hNSCs was the driving force for the many studies proving the in vitro plasticity of different somatic stem cells to generate NSCs and their functional progeny. Now the era of induced pluripotent stem cells has opened entirely new opportunities to achieve research and therapeutic goals with the aid of hNSCs.
Download or read book Neural Crest Stem Cells written by Maya Sieber-Blum and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers readers an understanding of the development of neural crest cells, which is crucial as many birth defects and tumours are of neural crest origin. Delving into stem cells from different locations of the body, this book explores the best possible source of such cells for the use in medical applications.
Download or read book Effects of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell derived Neural Progenitor Cells on Functional Outcome in a Porcine Ischemic Stroke Model written by Vivian Wing Yun Lau and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke is the leading cause of disability in North America. Current therapies are extremely limited and carry no potential for tissue regeneration. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) have shown therapeutic promise in several rodent models of stroke. Previous translational failures between rodent models and human clinical trials, however, have highlighted the need for transitional large animal models of stroke where potential therapies are investigated for effects, not only on structural, but also on functional outcomes. In this study, a functional outcome scale is developed for a porcine ischemic stroke model. This scale was used to assess the effects of iNPCs on functional outcome in pigs following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. iNPC treatment hastened recovery across multiple functional parameters in pigs following ischemic stroke. Results were repeatable between different observers supporting the use of the developed scale in future investigations of regenerative therapies in pigs following neurologic injury.
Download or read book Brain Repair After Stroke written by Steven C. Cramer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.
Download or read book Directly Reprogrammed Neural Precursors from Patient Derived Fibroblasts written by Luis Azmitia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Cellular therapy experienced an important shift with the discovery of pluripotent stem cells and with the reinvention of these through the forced expression of four pluripotency related transcription factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006); describing a protocol that drove a somatic cell backwards into an induced pluripotent state (induced Pluripotent Stem cells, iPS cells). Nevertheless, the process remained inefficient and involved practical queries as the risk of mutations, re-activation of the vectors, and use of potential oncogenes, without forgetting the fact that a pluripotent cell itself may serve as a potential source for tumors. To overcome those difficulties, different approaches were described: like the substitution of the original transcription factors with small molecules or sorting pluripotency by direct reprogramming into another mature phenotype. Addition of small molecules not only substituted the transcription factors but also improved the efficiency of the whole process, while simultaneously, new approaches tried to sort the risks of integration and reactivation of the previously described vectors (lentivirus, adenovirus, proteins, etc.). The present work describes our pathway towards a patient's derived cellular model of neural progenitors based on the work of Takahashi and Yamanaka and on a transfection insertion free method (Okita et. Al. 2011), giving birth to an induced Neural Precursor cell line (iNSC's), a tool in order to understand a subject's specific disease from an in vitro and an in vivo perspectives.
Download or read book Cell based Therapies for Stroke Promising Solution or Dead End written by Paulo Henrique Rosado-de-Castro and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stem Cells From Hype to Real Hope written by Khawaja Husnain Haider and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of the bench experience of leading experts from various research labs involved in the cutting edge area of research. The authors describe the use of stem cells both as part of the combinatorial therapeutic intervention approach and as tools (disease model) during drug development, highlighting the shift from a conventional symptomatic treatment strategy to addressing the root cause of the disease process. The book is a continuum of the previously published book entitled "Stem Cells: from Drug to Drug Discovery" which was published in 2017.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Phuc Van Pham and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications thoroughly presents the isolation, characterization, and some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the clinic. The book has two parts: "Isolation and Characterization" and "Clinical Perspectives and Applications." In Part I, the subsequent chapters introduce some techniques in isolation, characterization, and purification of mesenchymal stem cells in different tissues. In Part II, some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the popular diseases, which include cartilage regeneration, spinal cord injury, and osteoarthritis, are discussed. This book provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of mesenchymal stem cells for advanced students, graduate students, and researchers.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Human Adult Mesenchymal and Fetal Neuronal Stem Cells with Regard to Their Neurogenic Potential written by Guilherme Lepski and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pluripotent Cells for Stroke from Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategies written by Yujie Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perinatal Stem Cells written by Anthony Atala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perinatal Stem Cells provides researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive description of the current clinical and pre-clinical applications of stem cells derived from perinatal sources, such as amniotic fluid, placenta and placental membranes, the umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly. It's compiled by leading experts in the field, offering readers detailed insights into sources of perinatal stem cells and their potential for disease treatment. Therapeutic applications of perinatal stem cells include the treatment of in utero and pregnancy related diseases, cardiac disease, liver disease, pulmonary disease, inflammatory diseases, for hematopoietic regeneration, and for neural protection after stroke or traumatic brain injury. In addition, the rapid advance in clinical translation and commercialization of perinatal stem cell therapies is highlighted in a section on Clinical and Industry Perspective which provides insight into the new opportunities and challenges involved in this novel and exciting industry. Explores current clinical and pre-clinical application of stem cells derived from perinatal sources Offers detailed insight into sources of perinatal stem cells and their potential for disease treatment Discusses progress in the manufacturing, banking and clinical translation of perinatal stem cells Edited by a world-renowned team to present a complete story of the development and promise of perinatal stem cells
Download or read book Neuroinflammation in Stroke written by Ulrich Dirnagl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful treatment of acute stroke remains one of the major challenges in clinical medicine. Over the last decades, the understanding of stroke pathophysiology has greatly improved, while the therapeutic options in stroke therapy remain very limited. Today, hyperacute mechanisms of damage, such as excitotoxicity, can be discriminated from delayed ones, such as inflammation and apoptosis. Targeting of inflammation has already been successfully applied in various stroke models, but translation into a clinically efficacious strategy has not been achieved so far. In this book, leading experts in basic cerebrovascular research as well as stroke treatment review the current evidence for and against an important role for inflammation in stroke, and explore the potential of treating or modulating inflammation in stroke therapy.
Download or read book Regenerative Pharmacology written by George J. Christ and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art primer on the role of pharmacological sciences in regenerative medicine, for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers.
Download or read book Cardiac Regeneration written by Masaki Ieda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology offers a comprehensive and exciting, state-of-the-art work on the current options and potentials of cardiac regeneration and repair. Several techniques and approaches have been developed for heart failure repair: direct injection of cells, programming of scar tissue into functional myocardium, and tissue-engineered heart muscle support. The book introduces the rationale for these different approaches in cell-based heart regeneration and discusses the most important considerations for clinical translation. Expert authors discuss when, why, and how heart muscle can be salvaged. The book represents a valuable resource for stem cell researchers, cardiologists, bioengineers, and biomedical scientists studying cardiac function and regeneration.
