Download or read book Breast Cancer in Nigeria written by Erhabor Osaro and published by . This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women and it is characterized by regional variations and late clinical presentation and poor access in low and middle income countries including Nigeria. It is disproportionately responsible for mortality among women in developing countries compared to those in developed countries. There are several challenges associated with the effective management of breast cancer in Nigeria; financial barriers limit women's access to screening and treatment services, late-stage presentation, high incidence of triple negative breast cancers and failure in stewardship by government in their inability to provide the best possible cancer care like their counterparts in the West. There is an urgent need to step up activities through governmental and non-governmental agencies to promote advocacy, national policy on training of personnel for diagnosis, clinical and self-breast examination and nationwide screening program (mammography) in order to enhance early detection, control the upward trends and reduce the mortality rate associated with breast cancer. Routine age appropriate and specific breast screening should become an integral part of healthcare system in Nigeria allowing for early detection and intervention; aggressive awareness campaign on the advantages of early diagnosis and the dangers of late presentation, need to offer universal and affordable treatment, implementation of a strategy to offer annual mammogram to women above the age threshold for breast cancer, increased budgetary allocation for the diagnosis and management of cancer, more investment in the training of healthcare workers involved in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer, provision of Health Education encouraging women to conduct routine Breast Self Examination (BSE). BSE could become a simple, low-priced, secure, effective, appropriate and feasible screening tool in Nigeria. There is need to re-emphasize the importance of prompt reporting of any new breast symptoms to a health professional. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) should become part of a periodic health examination, preferably at least every three years. Asymptomatic women aged 40 and over should be offered a CBE as part of a periodic health examination, preferably annually. Objective implementation of these steps can help reduce the incidence of breast cancer-related mortality in Nigeria.

Download or read book Breast Cancer in Nigeria Diagnosis Management and Challenges written by Erhabor Osaro and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women and it is characterized by regional variations and late clinical presentation and poor access in low and middle income countries including Nigeria. It is disproportionately responsible for mortality among women in developing countries compared to those in developed countries. There are several challenges associated with the effective management of breast cancer in Nigeria; financial barriers limit womens access to screening and treatment services, late-stage presentation, high incidence of triple negative breast cancers and failure in stewardship by government in their inability to provide the best possible cancer care like their counterparts in the West. There is an urgent need to step up activities through governmental and non-governmental agencies to promote advocacy, national policy on training of personnel for diagnosis, clinical and self-breast examination and nationwide screening program (mammography) in order to enhance early detection, control the upward trends and reduce the mortality rate associated with breast cancer. Routine age appropriate and specific breast screening should become an integral part of healthcare system in Nigeria allowing for early detection and intervention; aggressive awareness campaign on the advantages of early diagnosis and the dangers of late presentation, need to offer universal and affordable treatment, implementation of a strategy to offer annual mammogram to women above the age threshold for breast cancer, increased budgetary allocation for the diagnosis and management of cancer, more investment in the training of healthcare workers involved in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer, provision of Health Education encouraging women to conduct routine Breast Self Examination (BSE). BSE could become a simple, low-priced, secure, effective, appropriate and feasible screening tool in Nigeria. There is need to re-emphasize the importance of prompt reporting of any new breast symptoms to a health professional. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) should become part of a periodic health examination, preferably at least every three years. Asymptomatic women aged 40 and over should be offered a CBE as part of a periodic health examination, preferably annually. Objective implementation of these steps can help reduce the incidence of breast cancer-related mortality in Nigeria.

Download or read book Cancer Control Opportunities in Low and Middle Income Countries written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is low or absent on the health agendas of low- and middle-income countries (LMCs) despite the fact that more people die from cancer in these countries than from AIDS and malaria combined. International health organizations, bilateral aid agencies, and major foundations—which are instrumental in setting health priorities—also have largely ignored cancer in these countries. This book identifies feasible, affordable steps for LMCs and their international partners to begin to reduce the cancer burden for current and future generations. Stemming the growth of cigarette smoking tops the list to prevent cancer and all the other major chronic diseases. Other priorities include infant vaccination against the hepatitis B virus to prevent liver cancers and vaccination to prevent cervical cancer. Developing and increasing capacity for cancer screening and treatment of highly curable cancers (including most childhood malignancies) can be accomplished using "resource-level appropriateness" as a guide. And there are ways to make inexpensive oral morphine available to ease the pain of the many who will still die from cancer.

Download or read book Cancer in Sub Saharan Africa written by Olufunso Adebola Adedeji and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the current state of cancer pathway as it is relevant to sub-Saharan Africa and highlights differences in epidemiology and the underlying problems with management. It outlines the current practice and opinions in all forms of cancer, also highlighting future prospects. Starting by providing background information on the epidemiology and genomic variations, the book then goes on to look at Infection-related cancers and continues to prostate GI, breast cancer and ovarian and cervical cancer. The last part of the book focuses on delivery of affordable and accessible care. Palliative services and primary and transnational research, as well as clinical trials are also discussed. Written by a team of authors based in the UK, Nigeria, South Africa and the US. this book offers an overview of the current state and challenges of cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa, and it would be valuable to policy makers, researchers, funding organisations, and can be an adjunct to standard text books for students, residents and established doctors.

Download or read book Aging in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In sub-Saharan Africa, older people make up a relatively small fraction of the total population and are supported primarily by family and other kinship networks. They have traditionally been viewed as repositories of information and wisdom, and are critical pillars of the community but as the HIV/AIDS pandemic destroys family systems, the elderly increasingly have to deal with the loss of their own support while absorbing the additional responsibilities of caring for their orphaned grandchildren. Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa explores ways to promote U.S. research interests and to augment the sub-Saharan governments' capacity to address the many challenges posed by population aging. Five major themes are explored in the book such as the need for a basic definition of "older person," the need for national governments to invest more in basic research and the coordination of data collection across countries, and the need for improved dialogue between local researchers and policy makers. This book makes three major recommendations: 1) the development of a research agenda 2) enhancing research opportunity and implementation and 3) the translation of research findings.

Download or read book Breast Pathology E Book written by Frances P. O'Malley and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast Pathology, a title in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology series, provides all of the most essential information on the pathological entities encountered in practice in an easy-to-use format. Drs. Frances P. O'Malley, Sarah E. Pinder, and Anna Marie Mulligan provide unparalleled expert guidance for the study and diagnosis of a broad spectrum of breast lesions as well as the broad range of appearances of normal breast tissue. The consistent, practical format with a wealth of illustrations, at-a-glance boxes, and tables, make this title ideal for quick reference for both novices and experienced breast pathologists. Reference key information quickly and easily with a consistent, user-friendly format and at-a-glance boxes and tables throughout the text. Examine all aspects of a pathologic entity, including clinical features, pathologic features (gross and microscopic), ancillary studies, differential diagnosis, and prognostic and therapeutic considerations. Catch all the nuances of how pathological lesions present through over 400 full-color illustrations. Practice with confidence and overcome your toughest challenges with advice from the top minds in breast pathology. Apply the latest molecular diagnostic techniques to recognize newly identified classifications in breast disease. Get more of the information you need from new and expanded chapters covering a broad range of diseases and topics including fine needle aspiration cytology and the physical handling of core biopsy specimens; handling and evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes; diseases of the male breast; and state-of-the-art coverage of molecular advances in malignant breast disease. Prepare for the future of breast pathology with a new chapter dedicated to gene profiling and stem cell diagnostic techniques.

Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

Download or read book Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics - Novel Approaches in Biomarkers Discovery and Therapeutic Targets in Cancer presents comprehensive reviews of the most common cancers from bench to bedside applications by an international team of experts. This book will contribute to the scientific and medical community by providing up-to-date discoveries of oncogenomics and their potential applications in cancer translational research. It is intended for students, scientists, clinicians, oncologists and health professionals working in cancer research.

Download or read book Comparative Quantification of Health Risks Sexual and reproductive health written by Majid Ezzati and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 2282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific evidence on prevalence and the resulting health effects of a range of exposures that are know to be hazardous to human health, including childhood and maternal undernutrition, nutritional and physiological risk factors for adult health, addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health risks, and risks in the physical environments of households and communities, as well as among workers. This book is the culmination of over four years of scientific equiry and data collection, know as the comparative risk assessment (CRA) project.

Download or read book Cancer Survival in Africa Asia the Caribbean and Central America written by R. Sankaranarayanan and published by IARC Scientific Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population-based cancer survival rates offer an important benchmark for measuring a health care system's overall effectiveness in the fight against cancer. While this type of information on high-resource countries is readily available, Cancer Survival in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Central America presents in-depth cancer survival data from 27 population-based cancer registries in 14 low- and middle-resource countries. The striking inequalities in cancer survival between countries and within countries described in this volume are largely related to the differences in general awareness, availability of early detection practices, trained human resources, diagnosis and treatment and the development and accessibility to cancer services, as well as, to a lesser extent, to issues of data quality and reliability. The differences in cancer survival reported in populations observed between and within countries studied in this volume provide valuable insights for future planning and investment by governments in primary prevention activities, early detection initiatives and tertiary care to achieve meaningful cancer control. The calendar period of registration of incident cases for the present study ranges between 1990 and 2001. Data on 564 606 cases of 1-56 cancer sites from different registries are reported. Data from eleven registries were utilized for eliciting survival trend and seventeen registries for reporting survival by clinical extent of disease. Besides chapters on every registry and general chapters on methodology, database and overview, the availability of online comparative statistics on cancer survival data by participating registries or cancer site in the form of tables or graphs is an added feature.

Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cancer Epidemiology written by Isabel dos Santos Silva and published by IARC. This book was released on 1999 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A basic textbook addressed to medical and public health students, clinicians, health professionals, and all others seeking to understand the principles and methods used in cancer epidemiology. Written by a prominent epidemiologist and experienced teacher at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the text aims to help readers become competent in the use of basic epidemiological tools and capable of exercising critical judgment when assessing results reported by others. Throughout the text, a lively writing style and numerous illustrative examples, often using real research data, facilitate an easy understanding of basic concepts and methods. Information ranges from an entertaining account of the origins of epidemiology, through advice on how to overcome some of the limitations of survival analysis, to a checklist of questions to ask when considering sources of bias. Although statistical concepts and formulae are presented, the emphasis is consistently on the interpretation of the data rather than on the actual calculations. The text has 18 chapters. The first six introduce the basic principles of epidemiology and statistics. Chapters 7-13 deal in more depth with each of the study designs and interpretation of their findings. Two chapters, concerned with the problems of confounding and study size, cover more complex statistical concepts and are included for advanced study. A chapter on methodological issues in cancer prevention gives examples of epidemiology's contribution to primary prevention, screening and other activities for early detection, and tertiary prevention. The concluding chapters review the role of cancer registries and discuss practical considerations that should be taken into account in the design, planning, and conduct of any type of epidemiological research.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Download or read book Toward the Elimination of Cancer Disparities written by Howard K. Koh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the work of a number of experts in cancer disparities, led by members of the Executive Committee of the Program-in-Development for the Dana Farber / Harvard Cancer Center. In particular, this volume updates a 2005 monograph on the topic.

Download or read book Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance written by Aamir Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.

Download or read book HPV and Cancer written by James A. Radosevich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “HPV and Cancer” is a concise read that covers all aspects of the Human Papilloma Virus as it relates to human cancers. While written by professionals, it design to be understandable by those that are not in the field, yet it has the technical details that professionals want to stay abreast of this changing field. The book starts out the history of HPV and progresses into the molecular biology of the virus and our current understand of the structure and functions of the proteins and genes it encodes. We then look at the dynamic trends of this infectious agent in the human population, how it interacts with human cells, and the role it plays with other organisms to produce both benign and malignant tumors. Lastly, there is a discussion about a new vaccine for HPV and the hopes that are held by many to change the trends with this virus and the associated cancers it produces.

Download or read book Physical Activity and Cancer written by Kerry S. Courneya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores in depth the relation between physical activity and cancer control, including primary prevention, coping with treatments, recovery after treatments, long-term survivorship, secondary prevention, and survival. The first part of the book presents the most recent research on the impact of physical activity in preventing a range of cancers. In the second part, the association between physical activity and cancer survivorship is addressed. The effects of physical activity on supportive care endpoints (e.g., quality of life, fatigue, physical functioning) and disease endpoints (e.g., biomarkers, recurrence, survival) are carefully analyzed. In addition, the determinants of physical activity in cancer survivors are discussed, and behavior change strategies for increasing physical activity in cancer survivors are appraised. The final part of the book is devoted to special topics, including the relation of physical activity to pediatric cancer survivorship and to palliative cancer care.