Download or read book A Chemically Specific Burning Rate Predictor Model for Energetic Materials written by Martin S. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2001-02-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of complex networks of elementary chemical reactions to the gas phase of burning energetic materials has increased markedly over the last decade. The exquisite complexity of these gas-phase reaction networks, coupled with available high-rigor treatments of transport, is not matched by an equivalent level of sophistication in descriptions of the condensed-phase and interfacial phenomena. Owing to the bastly more complicated, many-body nature of the condensed phase, this condition is not likely to be relieved soon. In response to these difficulties, a new semi-empirical approach to burning-rate calculation has been developed and applied to frozen ozone, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and nitroglycerine. The new approach hypothesizes a single overall reaction linking the unreacted material to the net products of condensed-phase decomposition and characterizes their rate of formation according to an empirically derived pyrolysis law. These condensed-phase products become the reactants for the gas phase, which are treated in full elementary-reaction detail. Using this new semi-emperical model, a methodology for computing the relative effects of several additives on the burning rate of nitroglycerine is developed and demonstrated. Hopefully this approach will enable more rapid progress in modeling multi-ingredient propellants than did previous approaches attempting to model the condensed-phase processes in detail.
Download or read book A Chemically Specific Burning Rate Predictor Model for Energetic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of complex networks of elementary chemical reactions to the gas phase of burning energetic materials has increased markedly over the last decade. The exquisite complexity of these gas-phase reaction networks, coupled with available high-rigor treatments of transport, is not matched by an equivalent level of sophistication in descriptions of the condensed-phase and interfacial phenomena. Owing to the vastly more complicated, many-body nature of the condensed phase, this condition is not likely to be relieved soon. In response to these difficulties, a new semi-empirical approach to burning-rate calculation has been developed and applied to frozen ozone, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and nitroglycerine. The new approach hypothesizes a single overall reaction linking the unreacted material to the net products of condensed-phase decomposition and characterizes their rate of formation according to an empirically derived pyrolysis law. These condensed-phase products become the reactants for the gas phase, which are treated in full elementary-reaction detail. Using this new semi-empirical model, a methodology for computing the relative effects of several additives on the burning rate of nitroglycerine is developed and demonstrated. Hopefully this approach will enable more rapid progress in modeling multi-ingredient propellants than did previous approaches attempting to model the condensed-phase processes in detail.
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by Manoj K. Shukla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-09 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive account of energetic materials, including their synthesis, computational modeling, applications, associated degradation mechanisms, environmental consequences and fate and transport. This multi-author contributed volume describes how armed forces around the world are moving their attention from legacy explosive compounds, which are heat and shock sensitive (thus posing greater challenges in terms of handling and storage), to the insensitive munitions compounds/formulations such as insensitive munitions explosive (IMX) and the Picatinny Arsenal Explosive (PAX) series of compounds. The description of energetic materials focuses on explosives, pyrotechnic compositions, and propellants. The contributors go on to explain how modern generation energetic compounds must be insensitive to shock and heat but at the same time yield more energy upon explosion. Nanoinspired and/or co-crystallized energetic materials offer another route to generate next-generation energetic materials, and this authoritative book bridges a large gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of these compounds. Additionally, it includes a valuable overview of energetic materials, a detailed discussion of recent advances on future energetic compounds, nanotechnology in energetic materials, environmental contamination and toxicity, assessment of munitions lethality, the application quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) in design of energetics and the fate and transport of munition compounds in the environment.
Download or read book Energetic Compounds written by Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the synthesis and development of new energetic materials require identification of promising candidates for additional study and elimination of poor candidates from further consideration, it is important for engineers, scientists and industries to assess the performance of the new compounds for reducing costs associated with synthesis, testing and evaluation of these materials. Nowadays different approaches have been used to predict the performance of energetic compounds, which can be recognized to be cost-effective, environmentally-desirable and time-saving capabilities. This book reviews different methods for the assessment of the performance of an energetic compound through its heat of detonation, detonation pressure, detonation velocity, detonation temperature, Gurney energy and power (strength). The book also focuses on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of non-ideal aluminized energetic compounds. Simple and reliable methods are demonstrated in detail where they can be easily used for the design, synthesis and development of novel energetic compounds.
Download or read book Overviews Of Recent Research On Energetic Materials written by Donald L Thompson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-08-02 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few books cover experimental and theoretical methods to characterize decomposition, combustion and detonation of energetic materials. This volume, by internationally known and major contributors to the field, is unique because it summarizes the most important recent work, what we know with confidence, and what main areas remain to be investigated. Most chapters comprise summaries of work spanning decades and contain expert commentary available nowhere else. Although energetic materials are its focus, this book provides a guide to modern methods for investigations of condensed and gas-phase reactions. Although these energetic reactions are complex and difficult to study, the work discussed here provides readers with a substantial understanding of the behavior of materials now in use, and a predictive capability for the development of new materials based on target properties.
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-21 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of current research and recent advances in the area of energetic materials, focusing on explosives and propellants. The contents and format reflect the fact that theory, experiment and computation are closely linked in this field. The challenge of developing energetic materials that are less sensitive to accidental stimuli continues to be of critical importance. This volume opens with discussions of some determinants of sensitivity and its correlations with various molecular and crystal properties. The next several chapters deal in considerable detail with different aspects and mechanisms of the initiation of detonation, and its quantitative description. The second half of this volume focuses upon combustion. Extensive studies model ignition and combustion, with applications to different propellants. The final chapter is an exhaustive computational treatment of the mechanism and kinetics of combustion initiation reactions of ammonium perchlorate. Overall, this volume illustrates the progress that has been made in the field of energetic materials and some of the areas of current activity. It also indicates the challenges involved in characterizing and understanding the properties and behaviour of these compounds. The work is a unique state-of-the-art treatment of the subject, written by pre-eminent researchers in the field. - Overall emphasis is on theory and computation, presented in the context of relevant experimental work - Presents a unique state-of-the-art treatment of the subject - Contributors are preeminent researchers in the field
Download or read book Burning rate Models and Their Successors a Personal Perspective written by Martin S. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of models to compute the burning rate of energetic materials has undergone a paradigm shift in the last 15 years from treating the gas-phase reactions as a few global reactions to attempting to describe all of the elementary reactions involved. This shift toward chemical specificity has brought the promise of true predictive capability in such models. Thwarting this promise, however, has been the unattainability of treating the condensed-phase and surface processes with commensurate detail and assurance. In this work, it is shown that limited predictability has recently been achieved by a semi- empirical finesse of the condensed-phase reactions and surface gasification through the agency of a universal pyrolysis law for certain families of propellant ingredients. It is also argued that the long-range prognosis for generalized predictability arising from a first-principles three-phase model lies with developing submodels for the condensed-phase and surface phenomena based on molecular dynamics (MD). However, since a continuum description of the gas-phase processes will always be preferable, the mating of these MD submodels with the continuum gas-phase description will be a non-trivial research issue. To facilitate the coming dialogue between current continuum modelers and future MD modelers, this work describes the conceptual and mathematical basis of the continuum models in considerable detail. It is suggested that the mating of these disparate descriptions might be accomplished by developing simple, idealized continuum submodels whose parameters and assumptions might be justified by the MD submodels. An example of such a continuum submodel is developed for the process of multicomponent evaporation as a surface-gasification mechanism.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovative Energetic Materials Properties Combustion Performance and Application written by WeiQiang Pang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-04 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the combustion performance and application of innovative energetic materials for solid and hybrid space rocket propulsion. It provides a comprehensive overview of advanced technologies in the field of innovative energetic materials and combustion performance, introduces methods of modeling and diagnosing the aggregation/agglomeration of active energetic metal materials in solid propellants, and investigates the potential applications of innovative energetic materials in solid and hybrid propulsion. In addition, it also provides step-by-step solutions for sample problems to help readers gain a good understanding of combustion performance and potential applications of innovative energetic materials in space propulsion. This book serves as an excellent resource for researchers and engineers in the field of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics.
Download or read book Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion written by Kenneth Kuan-yun Kuo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hands-on, integrated approach to solving combustion problems in diverse areas An understanding of turbulence, combustion, and multiphase reacting flows is essential for engineers and scientists in many industries, including power genera-tion, jet and rocket propulsion, pollution control, fire prevention and safety, and material processing. This book offers a highly practical discussion of burning behavior and chemical processes occurring in diverse materials, arming readers with the tools they need to solve the most complex combustion problems facing the scientific community today. The second of a two-volume work, Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion expands on topics involving laminar flames from Professor Kuo's bestselling book Principles of Combustion, Second Edition, then builds upon the theory discussed in the companion volume Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion to address in detail cutting-edge experimental techniques and applications not covered anywhere else. Special features of this book include: Coverage of advanced applications such as solid propellants, burning behavior, and chemical boundary layer flows A multiphase systems approach discussing basic concepts before moving to higher-level applications A large number of practical examples gleaned from the authors' experience along with problems and a solutions manual Engineers and researchers in chemical and mechanical engineering and materials science will find Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion an indispensable guide for upgrading their skills and keeping up with this rapidly evolving area. It is also an excellent resource for students and professionals in mechanical, chemical, and aerospace engineering.
Download or read book Chemical Rocket Propulsion written by Luigi T. De Luca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 1069 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed and expanded from the work presented at the New Energetic Materials and Propulsion Techniques for Space Exploration workshop in June 2014, this book contains new scientific results, up-to-date reviews, and inspiring perspectives in a number of areas related to the energetic aspects of chemical rocket propulsion. This collection covers the entire life of energetic materials from their conceptual formulation to practical manufacturing; it includes coverage of theoretical and experimental ballistics, performance properties, as well as laboratory-scale and full system-scale, handling, hazards, environment, ageing, and disposal. Chemical Rocket Propulsion is a unique work, where a selection of accomplished experts from the pioneering era of space propulsion and current technologists from the most advanced international laboratories discuss the future of chemical rocket propulsion for access to, and exploration of, space. It will be of interest to both postgraduate and final-year undergraduate students in aerospace engineering, and practicing aeronautical engineers and designers, especially those with an interest in propulsion, as well as researchers in energetic materials.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FY US Air Force Plan for Defense Research Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Reactivity of Energetic Materials At Extreme Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic materials are unique for having a strong exothermic reactivity, which has made them desirable for both military and commercial applications. Energetic materials are commonly divided into high explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. We will focus on high explosive (HE) materials here, although there is a great deal of commonality between the classes of energetic materials. Although the history of HE materials is long, their condensed-phase properties are poorly understood. Understanding the condensed-phase properties of HE materials is important for determining stability and performance. Information regarding HE material properties (for example, the physical, chemical, and mechanical behaviors of the constituents in plastic-bonded explosive, or PBX, formulations) is necessary for efficiently building the next generation of explosives as the quest for more powerful energetic materials (in terms of energy per volume) moves forward. In modeling HE materials there is a need to better understand the physical, chemical, and mechanical behaviors from fundamental theoretical principles. Among the quantities of interest in plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs), for example, are thermodynamic stabilities, reaction kinetics, equilibrium transport coefficients, mechanical moduli, and interfacial properties between HE materials and the polymeric binders. These properties are needed (as functions of stress state and temperature) for the development of improved micro-mechanical models, which represent the composite at the level of grains and binder. Improved micro-mechanical models are needed to describe the responses of PBXs to dynamic stress or thermal loading, thus yielding information for use in developing continuum models. Detailed descriptions of the chemical reaction mechanisms of condensed energetic materials at high densities and temperatures are essential for understanding events that occur at the reactive front under combustion or detonation conditions. Under shock conditions, for example, energetic materials undergo rapid heating to a few thousand degrees and are subjected to a compression of hundreds of kilobars, resulting in almost 30% volume reduction. Complex chemical reactions are thus initiated, in turn releasing large amounts of energy to sustain the detonation process. Clearly, understanding of the various chemical events at these extreme conditions is essential in order to build predictive material models. Scientific investigations into the reactive process have been undertaken over the past two decades. However, the sub-[mu]s time scale of explosive reactions, in addition to the highly exothermic conditions of an explosion, make experimental investigation of the decomposition pathways difficult at best. More recently, new computational approaches to investigate condensed-phase reactivity in energetic materials have been developed. Here we focus on two different approaches to condensed-phase reaction modeling: chemical equilibrium methods and atomistic modeling of condensed-phase reactions. These are complementary approaches to understanding the chemical reactions of high explosives. Chemical equilibrium modeling uses a highly simplified thermodynamic picture of the reaction process, leading to a convenient and predictive model of detonation and other decomposition processes. Chemical equilibrium codes are often used in the design of new materials, both at the level of synthesis chemistry and formulation. Atomistic modeling is a rapidly emerging area. The doubling of computational power approximately every 18 months has made atomistic condensed-phase modeling more feasible. Atomistic calculations employ far fewer empirical parameters than chemical equilibrium calculations. Nevertheless, the atomistic modeling of chemical reactions requires an accurate global Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface. Traditionally, such a surface is constructed by representing the potential energy surface with an analytical fit. This approach is only feasible for simple chemical reactions involving a small number of atoms. More recently, first principles molecular dynamics, where the electronic Schroedinger equation is solved numerically at each configuration in a molecular dynamics simulation, has become the method of choice for treating complicated chemical reactions.
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by Ulrich Teipel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporation of particular components with specialized properties allows one to tailor the end product's properties. For instance, the sensitivity, burning behavior, thermal or mechanical properties or stability of energetic materials can be affected and even controllably varied through incorporation of such ingredients. This book examines particle technologies as applied to energetic materials such as propellants and explosives, thus filling a void in the literature on this subject. Following an introduction covering general features of energetic materials, the first section of this book describes methods of manufacturing particulate energetic materials, including size reduction, crystallization, atomization, particle formation using supercritical fluids and microencapsulation, agglomeration phenomena, special considerations in mixing explosive particles and the production of nanoparticles. The second section discusses the characterization of particulate materials. Techniques and methods such as particle size analysis, morphology elucidation and the determination of chemical and thermal properties are presented. The wettability of powders and rheological behavior of suspensions and solids are also considered. Furthermore, methods of determining the performance of particular energetic materials are described. Each chapter deals with fundamentals and application possibilities of the various methods presented, with particular emphasis on issues applicable to particulate energetic materials. The book is thus equally relevant for chemists, physicists, material scientists, chemical and mechanical engineers and anyone interested or engaged in particle processing and characterization technologies.
Download or read book Explosion Shock Wave and High Energy Reaction Phenomena II written by Shigeru Itoh and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). Explosion, shock wave, high-energy reaction and other high-rate phenomena of various materials are the main topic of this collection. The book includes papers related to explosion and shock wave phenomena driven by explosives and other impulsive phenomena including their applications. The use of such intense dynamic loading has been employed for materials processing technology and the field is currently spreading to food processing and others. The volume will bring to readers new idea for the progress in science and technology.
