Download or read book A Brief Sojourn Into Silicon Optical Modulators written by Ching Eng (Jason) PNG and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides insight into the author's sojourn into the evolution of a key optical component using the silicon material platform - the optical modulator. It introduces the reader to the basic theory of such a device which performs the critical modulation function and then seeks to perform a review of the state-of-the-art of such a device up to 2004. Upon the appreciation of their history, the author sets out to breach the key operating speed limit of 1GHz (the fastest device then was 20MHz) - a prediction that was the first in the world at that time along with huge power reductions. The ability to reach this speed was verified shortly by Intel scientists. Subsequent fabrication and measurements along with uber important failure analysis and equivalent circuit s are also detailed. For readers already in this field of research, there is a chapter providing ideas to boost device operating bandwidth to 40GHz and beyond and also to improve semiconductor device physics. The author sincerely hopes that readers will be able to benefit and learn critical insight into the study of such devices and avoid the possible pitfalls that might face a researcher in this field.
Download or read book Silicon Photonic Modulators for Low power Applications written by Palmer, Robert and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, silicon photonic integrated circuits are combined with electro-optic organic materials for realizing energy-efficient modulators with unprecedented performance. These silicon-organic hybrid Mach-Zehnder modulators feature a compact size, sub-Volt drive voltages, and they support data rates up to 84 Gbit/s. In addition, a wet chemical waveguide fabrication scheme and an efficient fiber-chip coupling scheme are presented.
Download or read book Integrated Silicon based Optical Modulators written by Kensuke Ogawa and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book discusses the principles and the latest progress of silicon optical modulators as cutting-edge integrated photonic devices on silicon-photonic platforms, which play key roles in modern optical communications with low power consumption, small footprints, and low manufacturing costs. Silicon Mach-Zehnder optical modulators are emphasized as the principal small-footprint optical modulator because of its superior performance in high-speed optical modulation at operational temperatures beyond 100 degrees Celsius without power-consuming thermo-electric cooling in spectral bands over 100 nm"--
Download or read book Silicon organic hybrid electro optic modulators for high speed communication systems written by Zwickel, Heiner and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SOH (silicon-organic hybrid) elektrooptische Modulatoren kombinieren Siliziumphotonik mit organischen elektro-optischen Materialien. Dieses Buch befasst sich mit Aspekten, die speziell für den Einsatz von SOH-Modulatoren in praktischen optischen Hochgeschwindigkeitskommunikationssystemen relevant sind, wie z. B. Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik, Modellierung und die Implementierung effizienter Modulationsformate für IM/DD-Formate. - Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) electro-optic modulators combining silicon photonic structures with organic EO materials are investigated. This book addresses aspects that are specifically relevant for the use of SOH modulators in practical high-speed optical communication systems such as packaging, modelling of the device, and the implementation of efficient intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) modulation formats.
Download or read book Silicon organic hybrid SOH electro optic modulators for high speed and power efficient communications written by Wolf, Stefan and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semiconductor Optical Modulators written by Koichi Wakita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of GaAs/ AIGaAs double heterostructure lasers has opened the door to a new age in the application of compound semiconductor materials to microwave and optical technologies. A variety and combination of semiconductor materials have been investigated and applied to present commercial uses with these devices operating at wide frequencies and wavelengths. Semiconductor modulators are typical examples of this technical evolutions and hsve been developed for commercial use. Although these have a long history to date, we are not aware of any book that details this evolution. Consequently, we have written a book to provide a comprehensive account of semiconductor modulators with emphasis on historical details and experimantal reports. The objective is to provide an up-to-date understanding of semiconductor modulators. Particular attention has been paid to multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators operating at long wavelengths, taking into account the low losses and dispersion in silica fibers occuring at around 1.3 and 1.55 mm. At the present time, MQW structures have been investigated but these have not been sufficiently developed to provide characteristic features which would be instructive enough for readers. One problem is the almost daily publication of papers on semiconductor modulators. Not only do these papers provide additional data, but they often modify the interpretations of particular concepts. Almost all chapters refer to the large number of published papers that can be consulted for future study.
Download or read book Broadband Optical Modulators written by Antao Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "provides the full, exciting story of optical modulators. a comprehensive review, from the fundamental science to the material and processing technology to the optimized device design to the multitude of applications for which broadband optical modulators bring great value. Especially valuable in my view is that the authors are internationally
Download or read book Optical Modulators Based on Nanophotonic Resonators in Silicon on insulator written by Sophie Schönenberger Frey and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon organic hybrid devices for high speed electro optic signal processing written by Lauermann, Matthias and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Modulators Based on Silicon Plasmonic Technology written by Alhuda A. Al-mfrji and published by . This book was released on 2016-10-11 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electro optic Modulation for Photonic Networks written by Tetsuya Kawanishi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides comprehensive and detailed information on electro-optic modulation, which plays important roles in lightwave networks including optical fiber links, visible ray communications, fiber-wireless, etc. The first part of this book describes roles and basic functions of optical modulators as well as various modulation schemes. The second part is on mathematical expressions dedicated to optical modulation, where sideband generation are clearly described. In conclusion, this book provides useful information for device and system technologies, and helps in understanding fundamental issues on telecommunication systems as well as electro-optic devices. Contents in this book provide valuable information for engineering students in telecommunications. It also gives useful examples of applied mathematics using Bessel functions. It is ideal for upper undergraduate and graduate level classes. Provides comprehensive mathematical expressions dedicated to optical phase modulation based electro-optic effect; Presents practical knowledge of optical modulators as well as basic theory on modulator operation; Includes classroom materials including software and PowerPoint slides for easy integration into curriculum.
Download or read book Electro optic Frequency Comb Generation Using Silicon Photonic Modulators written by Mostafa Khalil and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Silicon photonics is the most promising candidate to achieve the high data transmission rates required for future telecommunications bandwidth demands, which require upgraded optical interconnects. Optical modulators, such as Mach-Zehnder modulators, are one of the most important sub-components in any optical communication system. Leveraging the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes, the integration of optical devices become more cost effective and energy efficient. Optical frequency comb has widespread applications in microwave photonics and optical communications as a multi-wavelength source for wavelength division multiplexing and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. The most common approach to generate optical frequency comb is based on the use of optical modulators. On-chip optical frequency comb generation has great flexibility to tune the center frequency based on the frequency of the continuous wave laser, comb spacing, and the number of comb lines based on adjusting the RF signal frequency, power, and phase that is applied to the electro-optic modulator. The limitation of this technique lies in the high insertion loss, especially in cascaded modulators. In this thesis, we investigate two integrated cascaded electro-optic modulators in CMOS-compatible silicon-on-insulator for optical frequency comb generation. The first comprises cascaded push-pull traveling wave Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) while the second involves cascaded microring modulators (MRM). The 9 comb lines with a spacing up to 10 GHz and bandwidth of 90 GHz for the cascaded MZM, and 5 comb lines with a spacing up to 10 GHz and a bandwidth of 50 GHz for the cascaded MRM. The measured temporal waveforms corresponding to the generated quasi-rectangular combs match with the sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses which are well-known for its high spectral efficiency and have zero inter-symbol interference. Lastly, we summarize and compare the performance of both modulators"--
Download or read book The Design and Fabrication of an Electro optic Modulator in Silicon Photonics written by Roei Aviram Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon Photonic Interferometric Modulators written by David Patel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In recent years, the amount of traffic within data centers has increased to a point where electrical interconnects are being replaced by optical interconnects and pluggable modules. Silicon photonics, which uses the existing CMOS fabrication capabilities to develop integrated photonics, offers the ability to make compact devices in high volume with relatively better yield. This makes it a highly desired platform to develop optical transceivers and components for modern data centers. As such, it has recently reached the production phase of the technology development cycle. This thesis studies several devices that are applicablein leading data centers. A detailed analysis and characterization of a silicon Michelson modulator with short 500 um phase shifters and a low VpiLpi of 0.72 V-cm under reverse bias is presented. The optical modulation of reverse biased p-n and forward biased p-i-n junctions is investigated. For reverse bias operation, it is demonstrated that bandwidth can be increased with lower impedance drivers and the driver impedance limits the bitrate achievable. Furthermore, forward bias operation with pre-emphasized signals is shown to have clean eye diagrams up to 40 Gbps. Energy consumption is estimated for all cases of studies and their trade-offs are explained.The work on modulators is further developed by studying series push-pull traveling wave Mach-Zehnder modulators. Measurements of electrodes is compared with simulation validating the methods of increasing impedance and microwave effective index with T-shaped electrodes. Moreover, designs with two and three level implants are compared and it is concluded with measurements that a two level doping design is as good as the design with three level implants, thus reducing the number of masks and processing steps required. Another variation of modulators is the dual-drive modulators. Here, the spacing between electrodes can lead to coupling, which results in different responses depending on whether the modulator is driven single-endedly or differentially. The electro-optic frequency response of a four-port traveling-wave dual-drive modulator with relatively weak coupling amongst the electrodes is measured. It is shown that the electro-optic frequency response of the Mach-Zehnder modulator can be predicted with a 2x2 cascaded matrix model if the Mach-Zehnder modulator is symmetric and differentially driven. In recent years, the increase in data transfers has demanded that more bits be transmitted and received in a given bandwidth. The design and characterization of a silicon-on-insulator traveling-wave multi-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator is reported in this thesis. This 2-bit electro-optic digital-to-analog converter is formed by dividing a series push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator into two segments, one for each bit, thus allowing for PAM-4 modulation without using a digital-to-analog converter. The device is operated at speeds up to 50 Gbaud and thus generating 100 Gbps on a single wavelength without signal processing at the transmitter or the receiver. The pre-forward error correction bit error rate is estimated to be lower than the hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 3.8e-3 over 1 km of standard single-mode fiber.Another component that is crucial in optical networks is the optical switch. The optical switch has numerous applications in protection and restoration as well as in certain modern data center architectures. A 4x4 fully non-blocking crossbar switch fabric based on interferometric thermal phase shifters is developed and reported in this thesis. Here, heating is achieved using resistive elements around the silicon waveguide. Switching times of 5 us and 36 mW power consumption in an individual switching element is measured. As a proof of concept, the quality in degradation of switching is demonstrated by routing an input signal to some of the outputs of the switch." --
Download or read book Plasmonic Organic and Silicon Organic Hybrid Modulators for High Speed Signal Processing written by Ummethala, Sandeep and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-speed electro-optic modulators in silicon platform are introduced and experimentally verified. The devices rely on plasmonic and photonic slot waveguides and are combined with efficient organic electro-optic materials. The bandwidth limitation of conventional silicon-organic-hybrid modulators is circumvented by capacitive coupling of the microwave signal. An advanced terahertz link that upconverts data directly from a 360 GHz carrier to an optical carrier is demonstrated for the first time.
Download or read book Silicon Modulators Switches and Sub systems for Optical Interconnect written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Then a single silicon microring is shown with 2x2 full crossbar switching functionality, enabling optical interconnects with ultra small footprint. Then several other experiments in the silicon platform are presented, including a fully integrated in-band Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) monitor, characterization of optical power upper bound in a silicon microring modulator, and wavelength conversion in a dispersion-engineered waveguide. The last part of this thesis is on network-level application of photonics, specically a broadcast-and-select network based on star coupler is introduced, and its scalability performance is studied. Finally a novel switch architecture for data center networks is discussed, and its benefits as a disaggregated network are presented.
Download or read book Millivolt Silicon Photonic Modulators for Cryogenic Applications written by Marc De Cea Falco and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenic technologies promise to overcome existing bottlenecks in a range of science and engineering fields including quantum computing, high performance computing and single-photon communication systems. As these technologies mature and systems scale, a readout solution for high speed, low power data transfer between the cryogenic environment and room temperature becomes essential. The use of optical links for such data transfer - in what is known as cryogenic optical readout - is appealing due to the low heat conduction of optical fiber and the possibility to exploit wavelength division multiplexing architectures. However, existing demonstrations suffer from large power dissipation associated with amplifying the millivolt signals generated by the cryogenic systems. This thesis deals with the development of silicon photonic modulators operating at cryogenic temperatures and capable of modulating an optical carrier with millivol-level driving signals. We show cryogenic operation of CMOS photonic resonant modulators in the forward bias regime with high modulation efficiency and reduced power dissipation, and demonstrate cryogenic optical readout of a superconducting single photon detector. We also present a new operation mode for optical modulators that leverages parasitic photocurrent to achieve electrical gain and reduce power dissipation. Modulation with signal levels down to 4 mVpp and electrical power dissipation in the zJ/bit range is demonstrated. This thesis sets the foundation for silicon photonics to realize scalable, low power, high throughput cryogenic readout, addressing one of the key remaining challenges for the wide adoption of cryogenic technologies.
